Vasoactive Inotropic Score as a Predictor of Mortality in Adult Patients With Cardiogenic Shock: Medical Therapy Versus ECMO

Introduction and objectives

This study investigated whether the vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) is independently predictive of mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS).

Human Plasma Fibronectin Mediates Adhesion of U937 Cells by RGD and CS1

Fibronectin specifically binds to U937 cells (monocytic cell line) in a dose-dependent manner. The specific receptors for the RGD sequence have been identified as ₅₁ and _IIb3, and that for CS1 has been defined as ₄₁. RGDS, CS1 peptide, and two peptides together showed similar inhibitory activities on this adhesion, while the 29-kD dispase-digested fragment of the C-terminal heparin-binding domain did not. Thus, the adhesion of fibronectin to U937 cells is mainly mediated by RGDS in the cell-binding domain and CS1 in the alternatively spliced region. Flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies revealed expressions of ₃₁, ₄₁, and ₅₁, and not expression of ₂₁. Adhesion of U937 cells to fibronectin-coated wells is specific and is inhibited by anti-₄₁ and anti- ₅₁ monoclonal antibodies. The IC-50 for anti-₅₁ antibody was almost a log lower than the value for anti-₄₁ antibody. These results demonstrated that interactions of RGDS and CS1 sequence of fibronectin with ₅₁ and ₄₁ on U937 cells were required for the adhesion of U937 cells to fibronectin. These results may provide further information to understand the mechanism(s) of tumor cell adhesion and atherogenesis.     

脑白质纤维束跟踪算法的研究进展

 基于弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imagine,DTI)技术的脑白质纤维跟踪(white matter tractography,WMT)是目前唯一非入侵式三维重建活体脑白质纤维束解剖结构的方法,有助于深入了解人脑白质纤维的微观结构,对神经生理研究和临床应用也有较大价值,成为神经纤维成像技术的研究热点之一。本文在DTI原理的基础上,归纳总结了近几年来比较有代表性的几类脑白质跟踪算法,重点分析了其跟踪原理、优点和局限性,并介绍了脑白质跟踪算法的应用情况,同时对今后的研究发展进行了展望。     

Age-related changes and sex differences in chondroitin sulfate isomers and hyaluronic acid in normal synovial fluid

Abstract

The effects of factors such as age and sex on the metabolism of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in knee joint tissues are believed to be profoundly important in the onset of joint diseases including osteoarthritis. To test whether age and sex influence CS isomers and HA in normal synovial fluid, we determined concentrations of chondroitin 6-sulfate (C6S), chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S), and HA in healthy subjects of different ages. Synovial fluids were obtained from 187 healthy volunteers, 14–89 years of age. Chondroitin 6-sulfate, C4S, HA concentrations, and C6S?:?C4S ratio showed a significant negative correlation with age. There were no sex-related differences in HA concentration, but the concentrations of C6S and C4S and the C6S?:?C4S ratio were significantly lower in women than in men in most age groups.     

Elotuzumab: a novel anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multiple myeloma

Background: Establishment of human osteoblast cultures that retain bone-forming capacity is one of the prerequisites for successful bone regeneration therapy. Because osteoblasts harvested from adults exhibit limited growth, the use of immature osteoblasts that can expand ex vivo should greatly facilitate bone regeneration therapy. In this study, we developed immature human osteoblasts isolated from aged alveolar bone (HAOBs).

Methods: HAOBs obtained after the collagenase digestion of alveolar bones from elderly donors. Then, we assessed osteogenic ability of HAOB after treatment with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 or transplantation into immunodeficient mice. In addition, we performed global gene expression analysis to identify functional marker for HAOB.

Results: HAOBs, which can differentiate into osteoblasts and have a robust bone-forming ability, were successfully extracted from donors who were > 60 years of age. We found that the HAOBs exhibited a higher osteogenic ability compared with those of human mesenchymal stem cells and highly expressed NEBULETTE (NEBL) with osteogenic abilities.

Conclusions: HAOBs have properties similar to those of human immature osteoblasts and appear to be a novel material for cell-based bone regeneration therapy. Additionally, the expression level of NEBL may serve as a marker for the osteogenic ability of these cells.     

Coronary Sinus Aneurysm and Left Ventricular‐Coronary Sinus Fistula. Implantation of CRT Device

We describe a 72‐year‐old man referred for implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy device who had previously undergone repeated operations to replace the mitral valve. Retrograde venography of the coronary sinus (CS) to implant the left ventricular (LV) pacing lead revealed aneurysmal dilatation of the CS with LV‐CS fistula that hindered—but did not prevent—complete implantation of the system. (PACE 2013; 36:e38–e40)     

Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) and metabolites in V79 Chinese hamster cells

The genotoxicity of the sensory irritant 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) to V79 Chinese hamster cells was investigated using the induction of gene mutations, micronuclei and DNA repair synthesis as biological endpoints. CS efficiently induced micronuclei and mutants resistant to 6-thioguanine in these cells, but it did not elicit DNA repair synthesis. Induction of micronuclei and mutants showed very similar courses of concentration dependence, suggesting that both events were caused by the same mechanism. The hydrolysis products of CS, o-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile dit not induce micronuclei and were much less cytotoxic than CS. The observation of heritable genetic changes in cells exposed to CS in the absence of detectable DNA damage suggests that the genetic effects of CS are not caused by an interaction of the compound or its hydrolysis products with DNA. It appears more likely that the mutagenic activity is the consequence of effects of CS on the mitotic apparatus of the cells causing chromosomal aneuploidy.     

视觉诱发电位监测二硫化碳毒性视网膜病变

目的　探索使用图形视觉诱发电位 (VEP P)早期诊断二硫化碳 (CS2 )中毒性视网膜病变的可能性。方法　选择不同程度接触CS2 5年以上者 1 1 6人 (2 32眼 ) ,并以非接触者 32人 (64眼 )作对照组 ,检测P VEP,并根据接触的不同方式及浓度分组研究。比较各组VEP PP1 0 0 波波幅及潜伏时、潜时值差、波幅差值及A/L值。结果　每日长时间接触CS2 的中、低浓度组的VEP PP1 0 0 波波幅 (8.37±3 .2 0 ) μV及 (7.95± 3.34) μV ,较非接触组的 (9.64± 3.2 5) μV明显下降 (P <0 .0 5;P <0 .0 1 ) ,其A/L值降低。结论　VEP P有助于CS2 中毒性视网膜病变及视神经病变的早期诊断     

Effects of CS Duration and Instructional Set on Cardiac Anticipatory Responses to Stress in Field Dependent and Independent Subjects

The study showed that within a modified delayed conditioning paradigm the shape of the anticipatory cardiac response to shock can be modified by changing the CS duration. When the tone (CS) duration was only 4 sec, there was a significant HR acceleration. With the CS duration increasing stepwise, from 4 to 12 sec, the anticipatory cardiac response to the UCS became biphasic. The acceleratory component of this response was bound to the CS and time locked, and, on the average, reached its peak within 5 sec after the onset of the CS. The deceleratory component was directly related to the length of the time interval between the onset of the CS and the UCS: there was no anticipatory deceleration when the tone duration was 4, 5, or 6 sec; the most pronounced deceleration was observed during the 10 sec interval. Instructional sets did not significantly affect cardiac activity by themselves, but did influence responses in interaction with the individual difference variable of field dependence; this was found to be the case only on the first trial. Field dependence was also a meaningful variable, and accounted for some of the differences in the patterns of HR responding in anticipation of shock.