Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressed Adults With Mild Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study

There is a paucity of research on psychosocial treatments for depression in adults with intellectual disability (ID). In this pilot study, we explored the efficacy of a group CBT treatment that involved a caregiver component in adults with mild ID with a depressive disorder. Sixteen adults with mild ID and a depressive disorder participated in a 10-week group CBT treatment and eight adults with mild ID with a depressive disorder served as a treatment as usual (TAU) control group. Adults with mild ID and caregivers completed measures of depressive symptoms, behavior problems, and social skills at pretreatment, posttreatment, and a 3-month follow-up. Adults with mild ID also completed a series of tasks to measure their understanding of the principles of cognitive therapy pre- and posttreatment. The CBT group demonstrated significant decreases in depressive symptoms and behavior problems from pretreatment to posttreatment and these effects were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. The CBT group demonstrated significant improvements in their ability to infer emotions and thoughts based on various situation-thought-emotion pairings from pretreatment to posttreatment. Findings indicate that adults with mild ID with a depressive disorder benefitted from a group CBT treatment with a caregiver component. Moreover, adults with mild ID appeared to benefit, at least in part, from the cognitive therapy components of the treatment, in addition to the behavior therapy components.     

认知行为疗法对乳腺癌患者生活质量的影响

目的：探讨认知行为治疗对乳腺癌患者生活质量的影响。方法将110例乳腺癌患者随机分为两组,每组55例,两组均予以常规治疗及护理,研究组在此基础上联合认知行为治疗。观察5周。于治疗前后采用乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表评价治疗效果。结果治疗前两组乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表评分比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,治疗5周末研究组乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表总分及各领域得分均显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论认知行为治疗能显著改善乳腺癌患者的情绪状况,提高心理健康水平与生活质量。     

Individualized assessment and treatment program for alcohol dependence: results of an initial study to train coping skills

Aims Cognitive–behavioral treatments (CBT) are among the most popular interventions offered for alcohol and other substance use disorders, but it is not clear how they achieve their effects. CBT is purported to exert its beneficial effects by altering coping skills, but data supporting coping changes as the mechanism of action are mixed. The purpose of this pilot study was to test a treatment in which coping skills were trained in a highly individualized way, allowing us to determine if such training would result in an effective treatment. Design Participants were assigned randomly to a comprehensive packaged CBT program (PCBT), or to an individualized assessment and treatment program (IATP). The IATP program employed experience sampling via cellphone to assess coping skills prior to treatment, and provided therapists with a detailed understanding of patients' coping strengths and deficits. Setting Out‐patient treatment. Participants A total of 110 alcohol‐dependent men and women. Measurements Participants in both conditions completed experience sampling of situations, drinking and coping efforts prior to, and following, 12 weeks of treatment. Time‐line follow‐back procedures were also used to record drinking at baseline and post‐treatment. Findings IATP yielded higher proportion of days abstinent (PDA) at post‐treatment (P < 0.05) than did PCBT, and equivalent heavy drinking days. IATP also elicited more momentary coping responses and less drinking in high‐risk situations, as recorded by experience sampling at post‐treatment. Post‐treatment coping response rates were associated with decreases in drinking. Conclusions The IATP approach was more successful than PCBT at training adaptive coping responses for use in situations presenting a high risk for drinking. The highly individualized IATP approach may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for alcohol‐dependent patients.     

中医各家学说CBT教学法在培养学生中医思维方式中的运用

从有助于了解中医各主要医学流派的学术特色及中医各主要学说,理解和掌握名医学术思想和中医学理论,了解名家临床经验等方面,探索中医各家学说CBT教学法对培养中医专业学生中医思维方式的作用,并提出CBT教学法对医案的选择要点.     

帕罗西汀联合认知行为疗法治疗广泛性焦虑障碍对照研究

目的：探讨帕罗西汀联合认知行为疗法治疗广泛性焦虑障碍患者的疗效和安全性。方法将60例广泛性焦虑障碍患者按随机数字表法分为两组,每组30例,均晨口服帕罗西汀治疗,研究组联合认知行为治疗,观察8周。治疗前后采用汉密顿焦虑量表、汉密顿抑郁量表、症状自评量表评定疗效,副反应量表评定不良反应。结果两组汉密顿焦虑量表、汉密顿抑郁量表总分及症状自评量表躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑因子分均较治疗前显著下降（P＜0．01）,研究组评分显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）;研究组总有效率为93．3％,对照组63．3％,研究组显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）。治疗后两组副反应量表评分及各项不良反应发生率比较差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论帕罗西汀联合认知行为疗法治疗广泛性焦虑障碍患者具有协同增效作用,起效快,疗效显著,安全性高。     

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation as an adjunct therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled study

BackgroundTranscutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is thought to have potential to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether adding TEAS to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and clomipramine would improve the efficacy of these conventional treatments in OCD.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 360 OCD patients were assigned to receive TEAS combined with CBT plus clomipramine (Group A, n = 120), TEAS combined with CBT plus placebo (Group B, n = 120), and simulated (placebo) TEAS combined with CBT plus clomipramine (Group C, n = 120) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).ResultsOCD symptoms in all patients reduced over time, however Groups A and B had a significantly greater reduction in Y-BOCS total score and the subscale for obsession and compulsion between week 2 and week 12 compared to Group C. Groups A and B had similar scores on these measures. Both groups had significantly higher rates of clinical response than Group C (88.3% and 81.7% vs. 67.5%, respectively, p < 0.001); and higher rates of remission (30.0% and 22.5% vs. 9.2%, respectively, p < 0.001). Group B experienced fewer adverse events than the other two groups.ConclusionsTEAS enhances the efficacy of conventional OCD interventions and avoids the adverse effects associated with conventional pharmacological treatment. It can be considered as an effective adjunct intervention for OCD.     

Effects of religious vs. standard cognitive behavioral therapy on therapeutic alliance: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Treatments that integrate religious clients' beliefs into therapy may enhance the therapeutic alliance (TA) in religious clients. Objective: Compare the effects of religiously integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT) and standard CBT (SCBT) on TA in adults with major depression and chronic medical illness. Method: Multi-site randomized controlled trial in 132 participants, of whom 108 (SCBT = 53, RCBT = 55) completed the Revised Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ-II) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Trajectory of change in scores over time was compared between groups. Results: HAQ-II score at 4 weeks predicted a decline in depressive symptoms over time independent of treatment group (B = ?0.06, SE = 0.02, p = 0.002, n = 108). There was a marginally significant difference in HAQ-II scores at 4 weeks that favored RCBT (p = 0.076); however, the mixed effects model indicated a significant group by time interaction that favored the SCBT group (B = 1.84, SE = 0.90, degrees of freedom = 181, t = 2.04, p = 0.043, d = 0.30). Conclusions: While RCBT produces a marginally greater improvement in TA initially compared with SCBT, SCBT soon catches up.