华中地区近代人群上、下颌第一臼齿齿冠及齿尖面积

目的 通过对282枚华中地区新石器时代到明清时期(距今5 000～200年)人类上、下颌骨第一臼齿(M1和M1)齿冠和齿尖面积的测量和分析,取得华中地区近代人群牙齿尺寸的准确数据和变异情况. 方法 采用统一标准对每颗牙齿咬合面行高分辨率摄片.运用数字图像技术与形态测量方法获取每颗牙齿的齿冠绝对面积和单个齿尖相对面积. 结果 齿尖相对面积大小顺序为:M1:原尖>前尖>后尖>次尖;M1:原尖>后尖>下次尖>内尖>下次小尖;M1齿尖相对面积的变异总体上大于M1;从大约5 000年前的新石器时代到明清时期,华中地区人类M1和M1齿冠绝对面积分别缩小了6.57%和6.15%. 结论 食物结构的变化可能是造成臼齿结构变化的主要原因,在此期间M1和M1相对齿尖面积一直保持稳定,提示现代人类相对齿尖大小比例至少在距今5 000年前的新石器时代就已经形成.     

延髓最后区对犬消化间期移行性复合运动的调节作用

目的　探讨延髓最后区对胃肠消化间期移行性复合运动（MMC）及血浆胃动素水平的影响.方法　在8只犬的胃窦和十二指肠浆膜埋植应力传感器记录胃窦和十二指肠消化间期复合运动.在一侧股静脉内置慢性静脉插管供注射外源性胃动素.用RIA法测定血浆胃动素含量.观察：（1）消化间期正常MMC活动和血浆胃动素浓度变化；（2）电损毁延髓最后区对MMC活动和血浆胃动素水平的影响；（3）电损毁延髓最后区对外源性胃动素启动MMC Ⅲ相收缩作用的影响.结果　（1）正常犬消化间期出现典型的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ相MMC.MMC Ⅲ相与血浆胃动素释放高峰同步发生.（2）电损毁延髓最后区后, 胃窦和十二指肠MMC的收缩运动明显抑制,MMC Ⅰ相延长,Ⅱ、Ⅲ相明显缩短,失去了损毁前MMC周期性﹑时相性和移行性的特点,血浆胃动素浓度明显降低,外源性静脉注射胃动素不能启动MMC Ⅲ相收缩.结论　延髓最后区对消化间期 MMC的周期发生和移行有重要的调控作用,其作用途径与胃动素介导有关.     

云南昆明地区正常人群骨矿密度研究

目的 了解本地区正常人群腰椎，髋部各部位骨密度（BMD）的年龄变化规律；建立当地骨矿密度正常值标准。方法 1998－2000年间，采用美国Lunar公司生产的Expert型双能骨密度仪（DEXA）测量年龄在20－90岁之间的706例正常人腰椎及股骨近端骨密度值。每10岁为1个年龄组，共分为男女各7个组。数据用SPSS统计软件包进行统计分析。结果 ①男女两性均于30－39岁达到骨峰值；此后随年龄的增长，骨矿密度逐渐开始下降（80岁以上组除外）。②第一腰椎的骨峰值较第四腰椎低（P＜0．01）；③80岁以上组骨密度出现反向增高，特别是在腰椎。结论 ①昆明的高海拔（1800－2000米）造成的低气压和缺氧环境以及云南人的身高和体重普遍较北方人低，造成其骨密度均值低于北方人；②昆明正常人群的骨密度明显高于成都。则可能是由于昆明日照时间（平均2522小时／年）较长的缘故；③80岁以上年龄组骨矿密度受到骨质退变、软组织钙化的影响，在诊断骨质疏松时，应同时检测两个以上区域；并参考同一受检区域不同部位的值。     

菱形区横、竖径对推测骨盆中部横径及骶骨长度相关和回归方程的探讨

对广西壮、汉、仫佬、侗、瑤族女性生理骨盆250例进行研究,每例均测量菱形区的横径与竖径,并由骨盆入门像测出坐骨棘间径、侧位像测出骶骨长度。各测量数值经统计学处理,表明菱形区横径与坐骨棘间径之间、菱形区竖径与骶骨长度之间均呈显著正相关,相关系数r值有显著意义,并由回归方程计算出各组数值的换算值,供临床参考应用。     

贫困地区白内障手术并发症的预防

目的 探讨贫困地区白内障手术中预防严重手术并发症的方法。方法 将141例(163眼)病人随即分为三组,A组采用弧形截囊,B组开罐式截囊;C组弧形截囊,前房灌注液中加入微量妥布霉素;比较三组的术后效果。结果 A组术后一周视力及人工晶状体植入率高于B组,术后一周角膜水肿率低于B组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);A、C两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 贫困地区白内障手术有其特点,弧形截囊能减少手术并发症的发生,灌注液中加入妥布霉素是有效和可行的。     

Ablations of areas 3a and 3b of monkey somatosensory cortex abolish cutaneous responsivity in area 1

Cortex traditionally referred to as S-I in monkeys is a composite of 4 separate and complete representations of the contralateral body surface, one in each of the 4 cytoarchitectonic fields, areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2. We investigated the significance of interconnections between these architectonic areas by assessing the immediate effects of ablations of parts of areas 3a and 3b on the responsivity of neurons in area 1. Ablations of specific parts of the hand representations in areas 3a and 3b immediately deactivated the corresponding part of the hand representation in area 1. We conclude that the processing of somesthetic inputs across anterior parietal cortex is predominantly hierarchical.     

四大怀药对家蚕寿命及生长发育的影响

实验发现四大怀药中怀牛膝及四药合剂可显著延长家蚕龄期,且家蚕的身长、体重较对照组增加缓慢,食桑量亦减少。     

The Anti-Dopaminergic Agent, Haloperidol, Antagonises the Feminising Effect of Neonatal Serotonin on Sexually Dimorphic Hypothalamic Nuclei and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactive Neurones

There is a transient fall in hypothalamic serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) activity in the second week post partum in male but not female rats. When this fall is masked by administration of the 5‐HT₂ agonist (–) 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenyl]‐2‐aminopropane hydrochloride [(–)DOI], over days 8–16 post partum, males are feminised in adulthood. To investigate whether the effect of 5‐HT is mediated by dopamine and whether testosterone exerts its masculinising effect by reducing 5‐HT and dopamine activity, male pups were treated with (–)DOI alone or together with the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol, over days 8–16 post partum, whereas females were treated with testosterone propionate on day 2 post partum. In adulthood, the volumes of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN‐POA) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) were determined, together with the number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive (TH‐ir) cells and fibres within them. The concentrations of 5‐HT, dopamine and their metabolites were also measured. (–)DOI treatment increased the volume of the AVPV, decreased that of the SDN‐POA and increased the number of TH‐ir cells in the AVPV. These feminising effects were antagonised by concurrent haloperidol treatment. Neonatal testosterone propionate masculinised the volumes of the female AVPV and SDN‐POA and reduced the number of TH‐ir cells in the AVPV. Dopamine and 5‐HT turnover in the AVPV was greater in female compared to male rats and neonatal testosterone propionate reduced dopamine concentration in the female AVPV. Neonatal (–)DOI had no effect on dopamine and 5‐HT activity in the AVPV but increased both in the ARC. The findings that TH‐ir neurone number and dopamine activity are greater in the female AVPV; the feminising effect of 5‐HT is prevented by a haloperidol; and the masculinising effect of testosterone propionate is accompanied by a decrease in TH‐ir neurone number and dopamine concentration in the female AVPV, suggest that dopamine is involved in hypothalamic sexual differentiation and may mediate the effect of 5‐HT.     

青浦农村老年期痴呆患病率的随访研究

目的 了解农村老年期痴呆患病率及相关因素，并对调查方法的可重复性进行验证。方法 1998年8月在上海市青浦农村老年期痴呆监控基地，对60岁以上老年人，运用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)作筛选，根据DSM-Ⅲ-R痴呆诊断标准，参照局部缺血量表(HIS)进行诊断和分型。1999年8月、2000年8月采用同样方法复查。结果1998、1999、2000年老年期痴呆的患病率分别为1．13％、1．19％、1．43％，三年中患病率相对稳定，在女性、高龄、低文化程度者中，老年期痴呆的患病率较高。结论 农村老年期痴呆患病率相对稳定，表明本次调查方法经得起重复验证，痴呆患病率与性别、年龄、文化程度密切相关。