Depressive symptom trajectories associated with standard and accelerated rTMS

BackgroundTo determine if an accelerated rTMS protocol results in distinct depressive symptom response trajectories, compared to a standard rTMS protocol. We also sought to validate previous analyses that identified distinct depressive symptom response trajectories with rTMS treatment using an external dataset.MethodData from two recent clinical trials comparing accelerated rTMS protocol delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with standard once-daily rTMS protocol were used to identify depressive symptom response trajectories. The accelerated protocol in Trial 1 was conventional 10-Hz rTMS, while Trial 2 employed intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Participants were adult outpatients (18–70 years old) with bipolar or unipolar depression and moderate-severe depression (Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale score >19) who had failed to respond to adequate courses of two different antidepressants. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify MADRS response trajectories, and regression techniques adjusting for baseline depressive symptom severity to determine the association between treatment protocol and depressive symptom response trajectory.ResultsTreatment outcomes of 189 participants were analysed. We identified four distinct response trajectories: “nonresponse” (N = 59; 30.7%), “minimal response” (N = 65; 34.1%), “higher symptoms, response” (N = 26; 14.6%), “lower symptoms, response” (N = 39; 20.6%). We failed to find an association between rTMS protocol (accelerated vs standard) with depressive symptom response trajectory even after adjusting for baseline depressive symptom severity.ConclusionThe accelerated rTMS protocol in this study did not impact depressive symptom response trajectories. This work provides further confirmatory evidence that there are distinct depressive symptom response trajectories with rTMS delivered to the left DLPFC.Australian new zealand clinical trials registryACTRN12616000443493 and ACTRN12613000044729.     

基于弥散张量成像技术的双相障碍患者脑白质纤维束异常分析

目的探讨抑郁期双相障碍患者脑白质纤维束的变化。方法选取42例未用药双相障碍抑郁期患者(患者组)和年龄、性别及右利手与之相匹配的59名对照者(对照组)进行DTI检查,根据约翰霍普金斯大学人类白质纤维束图谱,将大脑白质组织分割为20条公认存在的粗大纤维束,应用PANDA软件计算每个被试者每条白质纤维束的4项平均弥散属性,采用非参数置换检验比较2组在20条白质纤维束上弥散指标的差异,将差异有统计学意义的脑白质纤维束弥散指标与临床指标进行Pearson相关分析。结果患者组左侧钩束各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)值低于对照组(0.40±0.01与0.41±0.01,P=0.001);胼胝体辐射线额部FA值低于对照组(0.36±0.02与0.38±0.02,P<0.001);左侧钩束径向弥散率(radial diffusivity,RD)值高于对照组(6.57×10^-4±2.41×10^-5与6.40×10^-4±2.42×10^-5,P=0.0017)。Pearson相关分析显示,2组弥散指标差异有统计学意义的白质纤维束与临床指标之间均无相关性。结论抑郁期双相障碍患者钩束及胼胝体辐射线额部存在脑白质完整性破坏。     

非典型抗精神病药物治疗住院精神分裂症或双相障碍患者急性激越和敌对的疗效：一项系统综述的结果

概述：急性激越和敌对是双相障碍和精神分裂症患者的常见症状。本综述中,我们讨论在双相障碍或精神分裂症患者中上述症状的发生率、临床评估策略、治疗方案以及目前国内外针对这些症状的治疗指南。在现有的方法中,有使用肌肉注射的抗精神病药物和最近获得批准的口服非典型抗精神病药物治疗双相障碍或精神分裂症住院患者的急性激越和敌对,我们详细讨论了支持这些方法的最新证据,并强调各个抗精神病药物之间的一些差异。     

奥卡西平治疗复发性躁狂疗效分析

目的观察奥卡西平治疗复发性躁狂的临床疗效和副反应。方法随机对96例复发性躁狂发作的患者分别以奥卡西平及碳酸锂治疗,使用Bech-Rafaelson躁狂量表（BRMS）评定临床疗效,并对治疗期间出现的药物副反应进行比较。结果两组治疗后BRMS分值均大幅度下降,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,但组间比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,奥卡西平副反应发生率较低。结论奥卡西平用于治疗复发性躁狂,疗效肯定,与碳酸锂疗效相近,且副反应较轻,安全性好。     

双极电凝和器械打结在腹腔镜阑尾切除术中的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术中应用双极电凝处理阑尾系膜、器械打结结扎阑尾根部方法的有效性、安全性。方法回顾分析我院2008年9月至2012年11月1000例应用双极电凝和器械打结施行腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床资料。结果全部顺利完成腹腔镜阑尾切除术。手术时间15—60min,平均38min,术中出血3～10ml,出现阑尾残端瘘1例。结论应用双极电凝和器械打结法行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,安全可行,手术时间短,出血少,术后恢复快,住院费用低,推广应用价值高。     

经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合膀胱灌注化疗治疗腺性膀胱炎44例

目的 探讨经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合膀胱灌注化疗治疗腺性膀胱炎的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月到2010年12月接受尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合膀胱灌注化疗治疗的44例腺性膀胱炎患者临床资料.男性15例,女性29例,年龄24～72岁,平均48.5岁.术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗,后定期膀胱灌注化疗.结果 44例手术顺利,手术时间10-125 min,平均42.5 min,术中出血量少.随访3～62个月,平均14.8个月,2例尿道外口狭窄.12例复发,复发病例均再次手术处理,9例治愈,3例肾积水.结论 经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合膀胱灌注化疗治疗腺性膀胱炎,具有安全、并发症少、疗效确切等优点,但远期疗效尚需进一步研究.     

国产超能剪在免气腹悬吊腔镜甲状腺手术中的应用研究

目的:探讨国产超能剪在免气腹悬吊腔镜甲状腺手术中应用的可行性、安全性及优越性。方法:采用悬吊装置维持手术空间,使用国产超能剪行经前胸路径腔镜甲状腺手术,记录病变类型、手术方式、手术时间及术中出血量等指标。结果:4例甲亢患者行双侧甲状腺次全切除术,手术时间平均145 min,术中出血量平均60 ml;36例行甲状腺切除术,其中单侧结节性囊肿、单发腺瘤切除术15例,手术时间平均65 min,术中出血量平均20 ml;双侧甲状腺次全切除术21例,手术时间平均85 min,术中出血量平均35 ml。均无术后声音嘶哑及呛咳、头晕、呕吐等并发症发生,术后平均住院3.8 d。结论:应用国产超能剪行免气腹悬吊腔镜甲状腺手术安全可行、美观、经济,避免了CO2气腹的相关并发症,在颈部空间、多器械操作、对比使用进口超声刀等方面具有独特优势与优点。     

134例隐匿性鼻出血治疗体会

目的探讨隐匿性鼻出血的临床特点,出血部位及治疗方案,旨在提高隐匿性鼻出血的治疗水平。方法回顾性分析2001～2006年,我院经治的隐匿性鼻出血134例,所有患者均在表麻下在鼻内窥镜下探查及双极电凝止血,并积极查找病因,对因治疗。结果资料表明,止血成功132例,占98.5%,失败2例,分别为上颌窦癌及上颌窦血管瘤患者,另行其他手术治疗;出血部位按发生频率从高到低分别为：下鼻道后段,鼻中隔后缘下方,后鼻孔上缘,下鼻道前段,其他。结论隐匿性鼻出血的治疗在鼻内窥镜下按出血频发部位规律逐一分区查找出血点,并予双极电凝止血是微创、有效的手段。但必须同时认真查找病因,针对病因治疗才是根本。     

Comparison of postoperative morbidity between conventional cold dissection and bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy: which technique is better?

IntroductionTonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries in the head and neck worldwide. This operation is carried out by different methods, the most frequent of which are the cold dissection and bipolar electrocautery techniques.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess and compare postoperative morbidity between cold dissection and bipolar electrocautery.MethodsThis prospective randomized clinical trial was performed on 534 patients who underwent tonsillectomy in Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Birjand, east of Iran from October, 2013 to October, 2015. The patients were systematically selected for cold dissection technique or bipolar electrocautery technique groups. Time of surgery, amount of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hemorrhage, the intensity of local pain 4 and 24 hours after operation and nausea and/or vomiting were recorded and compared in the two groups to decide which technique is better. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (ver-22). The p-value less than 0.5 was considered significant.ResultsIn this study, 51.7% of the cold dissection technique patients and 50.6% of the bipolar electrocautery technique participants were male. Compared to the cold dissection technique, the average intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the bipolar electrocautery technique group, while the intensity of local pain 4 and 24 hours after the operation was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Other variables showed no significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionBased on the findings of the present investigation, the bipolar electrocautery technique is suggested for tonsillectomy in children, while the cold dissection technique is preferred for adult patients.