Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate

Summary The study validated the use of urinary toluene diamine (TDA) in postshift samples as an indicator of preceding 8-h exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Nine workers exposed in TDI-based polyurethane foam production were studied. Their exposure levels varied in 8-h time-averaged samples from 9.5 to 94 g/m³. The urinary TDA concentrations varied from 6.5 to 31.7g/g creatinine and they were linearly related to the atmospheric TDI levels. Approximately 20% of TDI is metabolized to diamines but their specificity is remarkable to the extent that by analysis for the 2,4- and 2,6-diamino isomers an idea of the percutaneous absorption may be had.     

On the need of a sampling strategy in biological monitoring: The example of hexane exposure

Ambient and biological monitoring of hexane exposure were repeatedly carried out in 14 female shoe makers. Airborne hexane (Ci-H) was measured in 4-h samples collected by a diffusive method. Urinary spot samples were collected before, during (at noon), and at the end of a work shift. 2,5-Hexanedione (2,5HD) in urine collected at noon was poorly related to morning Ci-H. End-of-shift 2,5HD were also poorly related to afternoon air samples. The correlation was still relatively low when end-of-shift 2,5HD was related to 8-h TWA Ci-H (r= 0.44; P<0.01 on=" a=" linear=" scale,=" and=">r-0.58, P< 0.01=" on=" a=" log-log=" scale).=" end-of-shift=" 2,5hd=" levels=" estimated=" on=" the=" basis=" of=" pre-shift=" values=" using=" a=" mathematical=" model=" were=" much=" higher=" (2.3=" times=" on=" average)=" than=" those=" experimentally=" measured=" during=" the=" study=" period.=" owing=" to=" its=" relatively=" long=" half-time,=" 2,5hd=" seems=" to=" be=" influenced=" not=" only=" by=" current=" exposure,=" but=" also=" by=" hexane=" absorbed=" during=" the=" day(s)=" preceding=" sampling.=" the=" lack=" of=" a=" sampling=" strategy=" may=" account=" not=" only=" for=" inconsistencies=" between=" environmental=" and=" biological=" data,=" but=" also=" for=" a=" possible=" misuse=" of=" biological=" monitoring=" when=" utilized=" for=" risk=" assessment.=" despite=" sometimes=" poor=" correlations=" with=" ci-h,=" 2,5hd=" may=" still=" be=" preferred=" to=" other=" indicators=" as=" a=" marker=" of=" effective=" internal=" dose.=" a=" sampling=" strategy=" should=" ensure=" that=" measured=" values=" are=" representative=" of=" the=" individual=" risk=" for=" adverse=">     

Spectrophotometric determination of pyrrole-like substances in urine of rat and man: An assay for the evaluation of 2,5-hexanedione formed fromn-hexane

Male Wistar rats exposed to atmosphericn-hexane excreted in their urine substances which gave rise to absorption spectra like those of pyrroles after the reaction with Ehrlich's reagent. A simple spectrophometric assay was developed to determine these pyrrole-like substances in urine. Their excretion kinetics were evaluated by exposing rats for 8 h to atmosphericn-hexane concentrations between 50 and 3000 ppm. The dose-response curve revealed saturation kinetics according to Michaelis-Menten, V_max being 1.12 [E ⁵²⁶ml urine/8 hn-hexane exposure] and Km, the atmosphericn-hexane concentration at V_max/2, being 250 ppm. The excretion of pyrrolelike substances closely correlated with that of 2,5-hexanedione measured by Fedtke and Bolt (1987). Pyrrole-like substances were also found in the urine of a male volunteer. When exposing the person for 3 h to atmosphericn-hexane at a concentration of 146 ppm (equivalent to 55 ppm/8 h) the excreted amount was twice the background value. Due to the sensitivity of this assay it is possible to determine pyrrole-like substances in urine according to the present German MAK or US TLV conditions forn-hexane (50 ppm/8 h).     

毫米波辐射对白血病细胞的细胞结构、自由基和bcl-2基因表达的影响

目的 研究毫米波辐射对白血病细胞株的细胞结构、培养体系中的氧化自由基和抗氧化酶系,以及bcl-2基因表达的影响。方法 电镜显微技术研究细胞结构的变化,AnnexinV/PI双染法结合流式细胞术分析细胞株凋亡和坏死,硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）法和邻苯三酚法测定细胞株培养体系中的脂质过氧化物（LPO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量变化;流式细胞仪结合荧光标记抗体检测bcl-2基因表达。结果 毫米波辐射使白血病细胞株细胞结构产生显著的退行性变化,显著诱导细胞凋亡和坏死,抑制细胞活力,脂质过氧化物含量上升,SOD含量下降,bcl-2基因的表达显著下降。结论 毫米波辐射有明显的诱导白血病细胞凋亡的效应,其机制与辐射后氧化自由基水平上升、抗氧化酶系活性下降及bcl-2基因的表达下降有关。     

IRM-2近交系小鼠的遗传监测

目的 观察IRM-2小鼠基因纯合性和遗传质量。方法用电泳法对IRM-2近交系小鼠进行了生化标记基因检测,并做了毛色基因和皮肤移植试验。结果分析测定了第23代小鼠13条染色体上25个基因位点和第38代的13个生化标记基因,所查基因位点全部纯合;同系异体问背部皮肤移植100d后,未见排斥现象,为同系组织遗传性;与BALB／c白化系小鼠交配进行的毛色基因测试,杂交第一代小鼠的毛色与IRM-2小鼠一致,均为浅桂皮色,基因型为AAbbCCDD。结论可以认为,IRM-2小鼠是遗传上高度纯合的近交系小鼠。     

胃癌及癌旁黏膜组织胎盘型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的表达

①目的 探讨胎盘型谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴπ）在胃癌中表达的意义。②方法 应用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组化方法检测了胃癌及癌帝黏膜组织ＣＳＴπ的表达。③结果 正常胃黏膜组织ＧＳＴπ阳性表达率为１６．７％,肠上皮化生和不典型增生腺体ＧＳＴπ阳性表达率分别为７１．４％和１００．０％,显著高于正常胃黏膜（Ｘ＾２＝８．４,１９．４,Ｐ〈０．０１）。胃癌组织中ＧＳＴπ阳性表达率为８０．３％,高分化腺癌和低分化腺癌ＧＳ     

肿瘤热休克蛋白70-多肽复合物诱导特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞产生的实验研究

目的　研究肿瘤细胞的热休克蛋白 70多肽复合物 (heatshockprotein 70peptide complexes ,HSP PC70 )诱导活化肿瘤特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞 (cytotoxicTlymphocytes,CTL)的作用及该CTL的杀瘤效应。方法　利用细胞培养 ,流式细胞技术 ,蛋白质的分离纯化技术 ,电泳技术 ,Western blot检测方法 ,T淋巴细胞的诱导及体外扩增 ,酶标技术等 ,测定肿瘤HSP70 多肽复合物诱导活化小鼠体内CTL产生的作用。结果　HcaF细胞HSP PC70的自然表达率为 6 3.5 % ,热诱导后为 75 .5 % ;HcaF细胞的HSP PC70能够诱导活化肿瘤特异性的CTL ,该CTL在效靶比例为 5 0∶1、2 5∶1、12 .5∶1时于体外对HcaF细胞的杀伤效率分别为 84.2 %± 3.2 %、47.9%± 2 .6 %和 14.8%± 3.0 % ;该CTLCD3、CD8的阳性率分别为 93%± 7% ,92 %± 8% ;将活化的CTL注入荷瘤小鼠体内可见明显的治疗作用 ,注入 10 7CTL 4次后 ,10 0 %的小鼠获长期生存。结论　肿瘤来源的HSP PC70具有强大的免疫原性 ,可活化CD8 T淋巴细胞成为肿瘤特异性的CTL ,该CTL具有较高的体外杀瘤活性和良好的治疗作用。     

天津市汉沽区媒介生物调查初报

本文报道了天津市汉沽区域媒介生物的调查结果:本地区有蚊类6种;鼠类5种;蝇类31种;蜚蠊类3种;蚤类2种;螨类1种。     

特洛细胞在不同组织中的分子标记研究现状

<正>特洛细胞（telocytes,TCs）是一种新发现的间充质来源的间质细胞,形态结构具有特异性和多样性,目前认为TCs可能对维持组织稳态和损伤修复有潜在的作用,参与不同疾病的发生发展[1]。TCs于2005年被L.M. Popescu教授等[2]在电镜下发现,认为其与Cajal间质细胞（interstitial cells of Cajal,ICCs）结构类似,遂将其命名为Cajal样间质细胞（interstitial Cajallike cells,ICLCs）。随着显微镜技术的发展及对TCs的深入研究,人们发现此类细胞与ICCs在分子标记上存在明显不同,     

Biological response modifiers and infectious diseases: actual and potential therapeutic agents

Biological response modifiers (BRMs) are agents which can modify the immune response to cancer or invasion of the organism by infectious agents. An explosive appearance of new BRMs has resulted from the development of recombinant gene technology and the availability of monoclonal antibodies. Colony-stimulating factors first became available for the prevention of neutropenia but may also have a role in the treatment of infections. Interleukin-1 is being tested as a modular of hematopoiesis and may be useful as a helper factor for T- and B-cell function. Immunoglobulins are being used against viral and bacterial infections while interferons can prevent viral upper respiratory infections and suppress or irradicate some viral hepatitides. Other BRMs which show promise include chemical agents and traditional herbal medicines.