Immunochemistry of apamin—bee venom neurotoxin—I. Radioimmunoassay with apamin and its derivatives

Antibodies against apamin, a neurotoxic polypeptide from bee venom were raised in rabbits by immunization with apamin or apamin-BSA conjugates. ³H-apamin or ¹²⁵I-apamin were used in radioimmunoassay with anti-apamin for the detection of the apamin antigenic site. The inhibitory activity toward the labelled apamin-anti-apamin binding was maximal with unlabelled apamin and decreased in the range: apamin > Cys¹, Lys⁴-disuccinilated apamin > Cys¹, Lys⁴-diacetylated apamin > Cys¹, Lys₄-diacetylated apamin with carboxymethylated His¹⁸. Dipyrimidyl-Orn¹³,Orn¹⁴-apamin derivative almost had no inhibitory activity on labelled apamin binding emphasizing that Arg¹³, Arg¹⁴ are the most essential for the apamin topographic antigenic site.     

Morphological,biochemical, ultrastructural,tissue culture and clinical observations of typical and aggressive craniopharyngiomas

Summary Craniopharyngiomas are tumors of the suprasellar area, which are often cystic, encapsulated and slow-growing. Certain of these tumors can behave in an aggressive manner and either invade surrounding structures or recur.In order to determine characteristics which may aid in distinguishing typical from atypical lesions, a study of biopsy and tissue culture specimens from 25 human craniopharyngiomas was undertaken. Tissue culture observations reveal two distinct cell populations.Typical lesions grew in culture in an orderly epithelial pattern and had desmosome-tonofibril aggregates and smooth surface topography demonstrable by electron microscopy.In the atypical tumors the cell growth was irregular, with mitotic activity, cholesterol crystals and features characteristic of neoplastic transformation, such as surface microvilli, an increase of cytoplasmic basophilia, size and number of nucleoli and retraction of cytoplasm.Correlation with the clinical status of the patients suggests that tumors of the four patients which exhibited atypical features in culture behaved more aggressively.     

Administration of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine to rats after complete hepatectomy-II. Excretion of metabolites

The excretion of metabolites of l-[3-¹⁴C]dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-[3-¹⁴C]DOPA) was studied after its injection into rats with complete hepatectomies and into control rats. Approximately 60 per cent of the dose (11 mg/kg; 20 μCi) of injected [¹⁴C]DOPA was excreted in urine in 24 hr by the control rats, and 11 per cent in bile. Although a similar percentage of the dose (69.4 per cent) was excreted by the hepatectomized rats into urine, excretion was at a slower rate. Decarboxylation of injected [¹⁴C]DOPA within 24 hr appeared to be as great in the hepatectomized rats as in the controls, but metabolism of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA) to norepinephrine was less. In the operated animals most of the DA was metabolized to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or to homovanillic acid. Little radioactivity was present in tissues at 24 hr after injection of l-DOPA into control rats or into hepatectomized rats; however, some radioactivity appeared to be bound to protein in some tissues in both groups of rats.     

Reduction of proline transport in R3230AC mammary carcinomas by estrogens in vitro

The effects of estrogens on proline and leucine transport into enzymatically dissociated cells from the R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma were studied. Estradiol-17β demonstrated a time- and dose-dependent reduction of proline transport; at 10^?6M, transport of proline was decreased by 50 percent. Kinetic analysis of these effects indicate that estradiol displayed characteristics of a non-competitive inhibitor, with a K_i of 1.79 μM. Other estrogens, and the anti-estrogen tamoxifen, gave somewhat higher estimated K_i values and could be ranked as inhibitors as follows: estradiol-17β > diethylstilbestrol > tamoxifen > estriol-estrone > estradiol-17α. No effects of these estrogens on leucine transport were observed, indicating their selectiveness for the A system. The synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, was comparable to diethylstilbestrol as an inhibitor of proline transport, but dexamethasone also decreased transport of leucine. Testosterone and progesterone were approximately comparable to estrone in their actions. It is proposed that these actions of estrogens represent one potential mechanism whereby pharmacological levels exert therapeutic benefit in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.     

Free sialic acid storage (Salla) disease in Sweden

The first 23 patients diagnosed with Salla disease in Sweden are presented. A high incidence of the "Finnish" R39C mutation, together with genealogical data, indicates that a large proportion of the mutations are of Finnish origin. All patients had pathologically high levels of free sialic acid in urine and in fibroblasts. The clinical picture confirms what has already been reported from Finland, with early psychomotor retardation, ataxia and speech problems. One-third of the patients had epilepsy. Conclusions: Salla disease is more common in Sweden than supposed. A large proportion of the mutated alleles seem to be of Finnish origin. The clinical picture is the same as that reported from Finland.     

用不同检测系统检测生化项目结果的对比分析

根据卫生厅医院管理年的精神，控制医疗费用上涨，减轻患者负担，宝鸡市卫生局提出在宝鸡市区域内，实行检验结果“一单通”。为此，笔者通过对3家三级甲等医院自2006年5月至2006年6月采用不同检测系统检测血液细胞的结果进行方法比对和偏差分析，为不同实验室检验结果的互认和实验室的认可提供实验依据。     

SD大鼠麻醉后生化指标变化

目的观察SD大鼠麻醉后生化指标的变化。方法50只2月龄SPF级SD种大鼠，雄性28只，雌性22只，每鼠空腹16h，分别在麻醉后0、5、10和20min采血，检测血清ALT、AST、GLU、BUN、TP、ALB、AKP、CREA、CHOL、TG。结果随麻醉时间的延长，SD大鼠的生化指标有不同程度的变化。结论规范麻醉采血操作，缩短SD大鼠麻醉后等待采血的时间可减少生化指标的波动。     

生物化学课程现状分析与改革方向

生物化学是医学重要的基础课。为加强学生素质教育，加强语文、数学等文化课学习，为高职专输送人才，在教育主管部门指导下，在课程改革方面作了大量的工作。但是经过几年的课程改革实验过程也慢慢出现了很多的问题如课程合并的不合理性、轻视医学基础课教学、课程学时分配不合理等，作者就本校的生化教学一些情况，结合中专卫校课程现状，对中专生物化学改革中出现的一些问题做粗略分析，在今后课程改革方向应向重新整合课程、强调“淡化学科”意识思想、实现医学教学模式转变、优化教学手段方法等方面发展。     

梅花鹿血液药用机理初步研究

对8只雄性梅花鹿血液血象、生化指标、微量元素和蛋白组分检测证实：梅花鹿血的RBC为1250万／mm~3,红细胞平均Hb含量为38．7Pg,红细胞平均Hb浓度970g／L,都远远高于人正常生理值。所检测的7种主要酶也远远高于人正常生理值,其中磷酸肌酸激酶（CPK）、α一羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBD）、磷酸肌酸激酶辅酶分别为327u／L、639u／I。、772u／L,是人正常生理值的7～10倍。梅花鹿血清中磷的含量是2．68mmol／L、锌为51．3μmol／L、铜为21．4μmol／L、铁为255.6μmol／L、锰0．16μmol／L,。该5种微量元素的含量都远远高于人血清正常值。在蛋白组分中白蛋白水平较低为34．9g／L,,而球蛋白水平较高为35．5g／L,其中以γ一球蛋白含量最高．为25．2％,是人血清正常值的3倍。其药用价值是明显的。