龙力胶囊对环磷酰胺的增效减毒作用

目的：探讨龙力胶囊（Longli capsule,LLC）对环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide,CTX）的增效减毒作用。方法：以S180荷瘤小鼠为模型。实验分为荷瘤模型组、LLC组、CTX组、CTX＋LLC组,另设正常对照组,连续给药10d。观察各组小鼠抑瘤率和毒性反应;检测各组小鼠体质量、肿瘤质量、外周血白细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数、脾指数和胸腺指数;检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力,分析LLC对CTX的增效减毒作用。结果：CTX＋LLC组小鼠体质量增加量明显高于CTX单药组。CTX,LLC和CTX＋LLC均可抑制S180荷瘤小鼠移植瘤的生长,其抑瘤率分别为45．10％、36．12％和60．28％,LLC可明显增强CTX抑制肿瘤生长的作用（P〈0．05）。与CTX组比较,LLC组及LLC＋CTX组外周血白细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数、脾指数、胸腺指数、以及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力均明显增高。结论：LLC对CTX具有一定的增效减毒作用。     

替吉奥胶囊联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效分析

目的：观察替吉奥（S-1）胶囊联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期大肠癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法：采用非盲法随机对照试验。试验组18例,替吉奥（S-1）胶囊联合奥沙利铂,替吉奥（S-1）胶囊每天80 mg/m2,分2次,餐后口服,d1-14,奥沙利铂85mg/m2,静脉滴注,3h,d1,28天一周期;对照组18例,奥沙利铂85mg/m2,静脉滴注,3h,d1,亚叶酸钙200mg/m2静脉滴注,2h,d1-5,氟尿嘧啶300mg/m2静脉滴注,2h,d1-5,28天一周期。结果：试验组（CR＋PR）RR 56.1%,中位生存期（MST）18.6个月,对照组（CR＋PR）RR 44.4%,中位生存期（MST）16.2个月。主要不良反应为血液学毒性和胃肠道反应,试验组白细胞下降发生率66.7%对照组77.8%,试验组恶心、呕吐发生率44.4%,对照组66.7%。结论：替吉奥（S-1）胶囊胶囊联合奥沙利铂是治疗晚期大肠癌是一种安全有效的化疗方案。     

树鼩鞭毛虫的形态学观察及其18S rRNA基因分析

目的 对树鼩体内的鞭毛虫进行形态学观察及基因分析鉴定。方法 取树鼩回盲部内容物和粪便经过滤离心处理直接涂片和碘液染色镜检,传统方法提取虫体总DNA,PCR扩增该鞭毛虫的18S rRNA,测序后经BLAST进行同源性分析,并应用MEGA5.1绘制系统发育进化树。结果 形态学观察表明树鼩体内的鞭毛虫为三毛滴虫;测序分析表明树鼩鞭毛虫序列18S rRNA与已报道的胎儿三毛滴虫18S rRNA(AY754332.1)同源性高达99%。结论 树鼩体内可感染胎儿三毛滴虫,研究结果为树鼩的寄生虫学质量控制提供依据。     

鲨肝活性肽S-8300对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究鲨肝活性肽S-8300对四氯化碳(CCl4)小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用CCl4致小鼠肝损伤，观察肝组织切片；测定生化指标，检测小鼠腹腔注射S-8300后血清谷丙转氨酶(sGPT)、血清谷草转氨酶(sGOT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性，肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果：S-8300能明显减轻CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤；降低血清GPT、GOT、LDH活性及降低肝组织MDA含量，增加肝组织GSH含量和提高SOD活性。结论：鲨肝活性肽S-8300对急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

阿魏酸钠对乙醇所致小鼠肝脏抗氧化功能改变的拮抗作用

研究了不同剂量乙醇对小鼠抗氧化和解毒功能的影响以及阿魏酸钠的拮抗作用。结果表明,大剂量乙醇(11.4g·kg^-1ig)引起肝脏GSH-Px活性升高的同时,肝脏GSH-Re,SOD和GST活性降低,GSH耗竭,而血清GST升高;阿魏酸钠(100mg·kg^-1ig,qd×10)预处理则明显拮抗大剂量乙醇所致的上述改变。表明阿魏酸钠对急性乙醇所致肝损害具有良好保护作用,其机理可能与提高GSH氧化还原酶功能、增加SOD活性和增强GSH结合反应有关。研究结果还提示,血清GST水平是反映乙醇性肝损害的灵敏指标。     

蜂胶对变形链球菌产酸的影响

目的探讨北京蜂胶提取物对变形链球菌产酸的影响。方法以TPY液体培养基为溶剂,分别配制5g/L和1·25g/L水溶性蜂胶溶液,1·5625g/L醇溶性蜂胶溶液,1·6g/L洗必泰液体培养基,并以空白液体培养基作为对照,加入变形链球菌培养48h后离心,用乳酸分析仪测定培养基中乳酸含量并进行比较。结果醇溶性蜂胶溶液和水溶性蜂胶溶液皆可使乳酸值降低,蜂胶各组与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0·05)。5g/L水溶性蜂胶溶液降低乳酸值的作用明显大于1·25g/L水溶性蜂胶溶液(P<0·05)。醇溶性蜂胶溶液和5g/L水溶性蜂胶溶液与洗必泰3组降低乳酸值的作用比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论北京蜂胶提取物影响变形链球菌的代谢,使变形链球菌代谢产酸减少。     

Sellar chordoma presenting as pseudo-macroprolactinoma with unilateral third cranial nerve palsy

We described a 61‐year‐old female with a sellar chordoma, which presented as pseudo‐macroprolactinoma with unilateral third cranial nerve palsy. Physical examination revealed that her right upper lid could not be raised by itself, right eyeball movement limited to the abduction direction, right pupil dilated to 4.5 mm with negative reaction to light, and hemianopsia in bitemporal sides. CT scanning showed a hyperdense lesion at sellar region without bone destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the tumor was 2.3 cm×1.8 cm×2.6 cm, with iso‐intensity on T1WI, hyper‐intensity on T2WI and heterogeneous enhancement on contrast imaging. Endocrine examination showed her serum prolactin level increased to 1,031.49 mIU/ml. The tumor was sub‐totally resected via pterional craniotomy under microscope and was histologically proven to be a chordoma. Postoperatively, she recovered uneventfully but ptosis and hemianopsia remained at the 6th month.     

locStra: Fast analysis of regional/global stratification in whole‐genome sequencing studies

locStra is an ‐package for the analysis of regional and global population stratification in whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) studies, where regional stratification refers to the substructure defined by the loci in a particular region on the genome. Population substructure can be assessed based on the genetic covariance matrix, the genomic relationship matrix, and the unweighted/weighted genetic Jaccard similarity matrix. Using a sliding window approach, the regional similarity matrices are compared with the global ones, based on user‐defined window sizes and metrics, for example, the correlation between regional and global eigenvectors. An algorithm for the specification of the window size is provided. As the implementation fully exploits sparse matrix algebra and is written in C++, the analysis is highly efficient. Even on single cores, for realistic study sizes (several thousand subjects, several million rare variants per subject), the runtime for the genome‐wide computation of all regional similarity matrices does typically not exceed one hour, enabling an unprecedented investigation of regional stratification across the entire genome. The package is applied to three WGS studies, illustrating the varying patterns of regional substructure across the genome and its beneficial effects on association testing.     

Generating automated kidney transplant biopsy reports combining molecular measurements with ensembles of machine learning classifiers

We previously reported a system for assessing rejection in kidney transplant biopsies using microarray‐based gene expression data, the Molecular Microscope^® Diagnostic System (MMDx). The present study was designed to optimize the accuracy and stability of MMDx diagnoses by replacing single machine learning classifiers with ensembles of diverse classifier methods. We also examined the use of automated report sign‐outs and the agreement between multiple human interpreters of the molecular results. Ensembles generated diagnoses that were both more accurate than the best individual classifiers, and nearly as stable as the best, consistent with expectations from the machine learning literature. Human experts had ≈93% agreement (balanced accuracy) signing out the reports, and random forest‐based automated sign‐outs showed similar levels of agreement with the human experts (92% and 94% for predicting the expert MMDx sign‐outs for T cell–mediated (TCMR) and antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR), respectively). In most cases disagreements, whether between experts or between experts and automated sign‐outs, were in biopsies near diagnostic thresholds. Considerable disagreement with histology persisted. The balanced accuracies of MMDx sign‐outs for histology diagnoses of TCMR and ABMR were 73% and 78%, respectively. Disagreement with histology is largely due to the known noise in histology assessments (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01299168).