Anesthesia for proteus syndrome

Proteus syndrome is a complex disorder comprising malformations and overgrowth of multiple tissues. The disorder is highly variable affecting tissues in a mosaic pattern. A 2-year-old boy with Proteus syndrome, with epidermal verrucal naevus, hyperplastic lesions of connective tissue, hyperostosis, overgrowth of tubular bones, bilateral inguinal hernia, and juvenile intestinal polyposis was scheduled for vertebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for further evaluation of malignancies. In addition to the pathological findings of this syndrome, potential complications such as difficult intubation, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary thromboembolism necessitate a careful preoperative and anesthetic preparation. MRI was performed under general anesthesia. There were no anesthetic complications. There are few previous reports on anesthesia in a patient with Proteus syndrome.     

局麻下经皮肾碎石术对高危肾结石患者的疗效与安全性探讨

目的：探讨B超引导局麻下经皮肾取石对高危。肾结石患者的疗效与安全性。方法：依据术前美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）评分,将91例行局麻下经皮肾镜取石术肾结石患者分为高危组（ASAUI或Ⅳ）23例和低危组（ASAI或11）68例,所有患者均运用微通道（F18）PCNL钬激光碎石术。记录并比较两组年龄、体质指数、合并疾病数量、结石平均体积、手术时间、术中出血量、结石清除率、平均术后住院时间及手术并发症。结果：高危组与低危组的平均年龄[（56．0士12．3）、（52．0±11．6）岁]、体质指数[（29．2土4．5）、（28．5±4．8）]、结石总体积[（3．12±1．13）、（3．27土1．45）cm^3]、术中平均估计失血量[（126±20）、（112±23）m1]、手术时间[（57±25）、（62±28）min]及主要并发症发生率（12．7％、13．5％）之间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。高危组与低危组在平均合并疾病数量[（4．7±1．8）、（1．4±0．7）]、平均术后住院天数[（8．5土3．7）、（6．2±2．3）d]、结石清除率（72．5％、91．3％）之间差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：局麻下经皮肾取石对高危肾结石患者同样安全可行。     

SLIPA喉罩在不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术中的应用效果

 目的 探索免充气型喉上通气道(SLIPA)喉罩在不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术中应用的安全性及有效性。方法 选择2019-9至2019-11解放军总医院第一医学中心行膀胱镜手术患者100例,分为老年组(n=50)与非老年组(n=50)。比较两组患者不同时间点时平均血压(MBP)、心率(HR)以及喉罩漏气、更换喉罩、喉罩染血及术后咽痛、声嘶的发生情况。结果 老年组和非老年组患者使用SLIPA喉罩的即时MBP[ 插入时(87.8±11.7)mmHg vs.(87.2±13.6)mmHg;拔除后(94.0±10.8)mmHg vs.(89.2±14.9)mmHg ]和即时HR[插入时(65.0±9.88)次/min vs.(72.5±12.4)次/min;拔出时(76.4±10.0)次/min vs.(81.6±9.39)次/min] 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者喉罩漏气情况、拔除喉罩后声嘶、染血、咽痛进行对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);老年组8例患者经3次及以上的尝试后才成功插入喉罩,3次及以上的尝试率较非老年组高(16% vs. 0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SLIPA喉罩适用于不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术全麻中的气道管理,可降低插管和拔管过程中强烈的应激反应。     

个体化肠道准备方案在静脉麻醉下老年患者肠镜检查中的应用

 目的 探讨个体化肠道准备方案在老年患者肠镜检查中的应用。方法 选取2021-03至2022-03在解放军总医院第二医学中心消化内镜中心丙泊酚镇静麻醉下、接受无痛肠镜检查的老年患者98例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组49例。对照组采用常规肠道准备,观察组采用个体化的肠道准备方案下的肠镜检查前肠道准备。对比两组肠道准备清洁度及患者对此肠道准备方案的满意度。结果 观察组波士顿肠道准备量表得分为(7.83±0.35)分,高于对照组的(6.91±0.73)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者满意度比较,观察组满意率98.00%高于对照组的79.60%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 应用个体化肠道准备方案,波士顿评分高,清洁度好,患者满意度更高,值得推广。     

Clinical sedation and bispectral index in burn children receiving gamma-hydroxybutyrate

Background: Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) may be an interesting hypnotic agent in burn patients because of its good respiratory or hemodynamic tolerance. However, its clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) sedative effects are not yet described in children. The aim of this prospective and randomized study was to assess clinical and EEG effects of increasing intravenous (IV) doses of GHB in burn children requiring sedation for burn wound cares. Methods: Thirty six children hospitalized in a burn care unit were included and randomly assigned into three groups (G) according to the single IV dose of GHB they received before burn wound care: 10 mg·kg^?1 in G10, 25 mg·kg^?1 in G25, or 50 mg·kg^?1 in G50. All patients received oral premedication (morphine and hydroxyzine) 30 min before GHB injection. Respiratory rate, heart rate, pulse oximetry, and bispectral index (BIS) were continuously monitored. Depth of sedation was clinically assessed using Observer’s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (OAAS) Score, every 2 min until recovery (i.e., OAAS = 4). Results: Median age was 17.5 [12–34] months. Whatever the dose, BIS decreased after IV GHB. Nadir value of BIS was significantly lower in G25 and G50 than in G10, as was for OAAS score. Nadir values were reached after same delays in G25 and G50. Duration of sedation was dose‐dependant. Conclusion: Bispectral index decreased after GHB injection and was correlated with OAAS score. Deep sedation can be safely achieved with IV doses of 25 or 50 mg·kg^?1, but the last dose was associated with prolonged duration of clinical sedation.     

Anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil under spontaneous respiration assisted with high‐frequency jet ventilation for tracheobronchial foreign body removal in 586 children

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a common life‐threatening event in young children. Tracheobronchial foreign body removal is usually performed by rigid tracheobronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Anesthetic and ventilation techniques vary greatly among anesthesiologists and institutions. In the present retrospective study, we report our anesthetic experience over 5 years. We describe complications and outcomes and analyze the clinical characteristics of anesthesia and ventilation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed relevant clinical findings of 586 pediatric patients treated with rigid tracheobronchoscopy under general anesthesia. All procedures were performed under inhaled sevoflurane anesthesia combined with remifentanil infusion, with spontaneous respiration assisted by high‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and topical airway anesthesia. Results: Among 586 patients, the foreign body was successfully removed by rigid tracheobronchoscopy in 558 patients, and no foreign body was found in 28 patients. Laryngospasm was observed during the procedure in five patients. Hypoxemia was observed in 15 patients (2.6%). No severe complications or deaths occurred. The mean operation time was 22 min and the average hospital stay was 2 days. Conclusion: Inhaled sevoflurane anesthesia combined with remifentanil infusion, with spontaneous respiration assisted by HFJV and topical airway anesthesia, is safe and effective for tracheobronchial foreign body removal.     

Pressure support ventilation vs spontaneous ventilation via ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Aim: To investigate the advantages of using pressure support ventilation (PSV) vs spontaneous ventilation via ProSeal? laryngeal mask airway in children undergoing ambulatory surgery. Background: In our ambulatory surgical unit, the use of unassisted spontaneous breathing via laryngeal mask airway is a common anesthetic technique during general anesthesia. However, this may be associated with inadequate ventilation. PSV is a ventilatory mode that is synchronized with the patient’s respiratory effort and may improve gaseous exchange under general anesthesia. Materials and methods: After the approval from the ethics committee, a randomized controlled trial involving 24 pediatric patients was conducted in our ambulatory surgical unit. They were randomized into two groups, namely Group PSV (receiving PSV) and Group SV (unassisted spontaneous ventilation). Outcome measures included intraoperative respiratory and hemodynamic parameters as well as recovery room data. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Patients in Group PSV had lower ETCO₂ (42.8 ± 5.8 vs 50.4 ± 4.0, P = 0.001) and higher expiratory tidal volume per kg bodyweight (8.3 ± 1.8 ml kg^?1 vs 5.8 ± 0.8 ml kg^?1, P = 0.001) compared with patients in Group SV. There were no significant differences in other respiratory and hemodynamic parameters or recovery room data between the two groups. Conclusion: Pressure support ventilation via ProSeal? laryngeal mask airway during general anesthesia improves ventilation in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. However, this did not translate to a difference in clinical outcome among our study patients.     

鼻咽通气道复合面罩通气与喉罩通气在短小日间手术中的应用比较

目的 比较鼻咽通气道复合面罩通气与喉罩通气下静吸复合全麻在短小日间手术中的应用效果.方法 选择估计1h内的日间手术患者90例,随机均分为鼻咽通气道复合面罩组(面罩组)和喉罩组.记录诱导前(T0)、插入鼻咽通气道或喉罩前1 min(T1)、插入鼻咽通气道或喉罩即刻(T2)、切皮时(T3)、拔出鼻咽通气道或喉罩前1 min(T4)、拔出鼻咽通气道或喉罩即刻(T5) MAP、HR、PET CO2、SpO2、RR和VT;记录插入喉罩或鼻咽通气道的时间和一次成功率;记录清醒时间和离院时间,从麻醉开始至拔出鼻咽通气道或喉罩时出现体动、呼吸道梗阻、反流误吸以及术后出现咽痛、吞咽困难和声音嘶哑的患者例数.结果 两组患者诱导后均能较好的保留自主呼吸,维持稳定的RR、VT和PETCO2,T2、T5时喉罩组MAP明显高于、HR明显快于面罩组(P＜0.05),插入鼻咽通气道时间明显短于插入喉罩的时间(P＜0.05),一次性插入鼻咽通气道的成功率高于一次性插入喉罩的成功率(P＜0.05),术中和术后不良反应喉罩组高于面罩组(P＜0.05).结论 鼻咽通气道复合面罩通气下静吸复合全麻用于短小日间手术能够维持循环和呼吸的稳定,苏醒迅速,在日间手术中是一种安全有效的麻醉方法.