Immunogenicity and tumor-inhibiting effects of HSP-antigen peptide complex in melanoma B16 cells in mice

目的 :黑色素瘤 B1 6细胞热休克蛋白 -抗原肽复合物 (HACs)及其粗提物 (HAC- CEs)的制备 ,以及它们的免疫原性和抑瘤效应的研究。方法 :应用 Sephacryl S- 2 0 0凝胶过滤制备HAC- CEs,应用亲和层析纯化 HACs,并测其免疫功能和抑瘤效应。结果 :应用凝胶过滤制备的HAC- CE3、HAC- CE4、HAC- CE5和应用亲和层析纯化的 HAC60 ,HAC75和 HAC97均不同程度地降低肿瘤发生率、延迟肿瘤发生时间和减少移植黑色素瘤 C57BL/6J小鼠死亡率 ;同时 ,伴有小鼠脾细胞 IFN-γ和 IL- 2分泌活性及 CTL杀伤率的增加。结论 :分子量为 60 0 0 0～ 970 0 0的 HACs具有免疫原性和抑瘤效应 ,本研究为制备肿瘤疫苗提供重要的实验依据。     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术对心脏自主神经活动的影响

目的：观察经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后心率变异（ＨＲＶ）的变化,探讨ＰＴＣＡ和ＨＲＶ的影响。方法：ＰＴＣＡ患者１２０例,２４ｈ动态心电图（ＤＣＧ）记录ＰＴＣＡ术前１周、术后１周、术后６个月的心电信息并进行ＨＲＶ分析。结果：ＰＴＣＡ术后６个月ＨＲＶ指标中的２４ＲＲ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ（和高频段的功率谱密度（ＨＦＰ）较术前明显增高（Ｐ分别不小于０．０５及０．０１）;ＰＴＣＡ术后冠状动脉再狭窄患     

吸毒成瘾者免疫功能变化的研究

目的：测定吸毒者体液免疫和细胞免疫的各项指标,从而研究其免疫功能的改变。方法：取25例吸毒者及28例健康成人外周血,用ELISA法和免疫比浊法测其血清中抗体和补体;免疫荧光法和酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)测其T细胞亚群和Th细胞亚群。结果：吸毒者IgG增高,C3下降,IgA、IgM和IgE与正常人无显著差异。吸毒者CD3、CD4^ 、CD4^ ／CD8^ 、Th1^ 和Th1／Th2低于正常人,而CD8^ 、CD20^ 和Th2与正常人相差不大。淋巴细胞转化试验吸毒者显著低于正常对照组。结论：吸毒者细胞免疫功能降低,而体液免疫变化不大。     

Observations on the arterial baroreflex in neurally mediated vasodepressor syncope

The arterial baroreflex was studied in subjects who had recently had an episode of vasodepressor syncope. This was determined using 2–3 mcg/kg intravenous boluses of phenylephrine and assessing the bradycardic response. The values were measured in ms/mmHg and expressed as the angular coefficient of the regression line between the increase in R—R interval on the electrocardiograph and the systolic arterial pressure. In subjects examined immediately after the vasodepressor syncope episode the bradycardic response was much more marked than in controls (p < 0.01) and in the subjects themselves 6 months after the episode, provided that they were symptom-free (p < 0.01). It is concluded that in vasodepressor syncope there is a phase in which the baroreflex is highly sensitive and that this is due not to a lowering of the stimulation threshold but to a gain in the efferent arc, which explains a vagotonic response.     

Behavioral and autonomic responses to intermittent social stress: differential protection by clonidine and metoprolol

The present study investigated physiological and pharmacological characteristics of socially stressed animals. Specifically, we examined (1) to what degree autonomic and behavioral stress reactions during intermittent confrontations between an intruder male adult Long-Evans rat with an aggressive resident undergo habituation, and (2) to what extent the defeat-experienced animal can be protected against these stress reactions with clonidine or metoprolol, two adrenergic agents with clinical anxiolytic effects. We developed an acute social stress situation that consisted of initially placing an experimental rat as an intruder into the homecage of a resident while the resident was not present, thereafter permitting brief physical agonistic interactions with the reintroduced resident until the intruder was forced into a submissive supine posture and emitted ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), and eventually exposing the intruder to the resident's threats for one hour, while being shielded from potentially injurious attacks (threat encounter). Over the course of the initial 4-weekly threat encounters the acute tachycardia but not the hyperthermic stress responses decreased in magnitude. Following the first three threat encounters core temperature (T_c) was significantly elevated for at least 3 h. The T_c was already elevated when the repeatedly defeated intruder was confronted with the olfactory cues of the resident's cage. This conditioned anticipatory hyperthermia developed in the course of the first three confrontations and was paralleled by a decrease in exploratory and motor behavior and by an increase in defensive behaviors and in both types of USV emitted in the low (20–30 kHz) and the high (31–70 kHz) frequency range. Clonidine (0.01–0.1 mg/kg, IP), an ₂-adrenergic agonist and metoprolol, a -adrenergic blocker (1.0–10.0 mg/kg, IP), dose-dependently prevented the tachycardic response to stress. Only clonidine, but not metoprolol, also attenuated the rise in T₀ during the 1-h agonistic interaction. Clonidine decreased those aspects of motor behavior (e.g. rearing, walking) that are of lesser cost for the individual but maintained high levels of defensive reactions and increased the duration of low USV. The high doses of clonidine (0.06, 0.1 mg/kg) attenuated the homeostatic regulation and sedated the intruder while exposed to threats during a social confrontation. The absence of attenuation of the high level of defensive behavior and the prolonged low USV suggest a stress intensification by the higher doses of clonidine. In conclusion, after the fourth encounter, the autonomic, behavioral and vocal response pattern prior to and during repeated weekly confrontations show no evidence for habituation for the following 6 weeks. Moreover, adrenergic therapeutic agents that are applied to treat symptoms of anxiety block the tachycardic response but may actually intensify defensive behavior and certain stress vocalizations.     

Good exercise capacity at hospital discharge predicts recovery of baroreflex sensitivity after myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction results in depressed baroreflex sensitivity,which has been shown to be associated with increased risk ofventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. We measured baroreflexsensitivity in 37 patients with acute myocardial infarctionbefore hospital discharge and 3 months after the infarctionto find out whether the baroreflex sensitivity recovers duringthat period. In addition, baroreflex sensitivity was assessedin 15 healthy controls. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessedfrom the regression line relating the change in R-R intervalto the change in systolic blood pressure following an intravenousbolus injection of phenylephrine. There was a wide inter-individualvariation in the change of baroreflex sensitivity (Abaroreflexsensitivity) in infarction patients, but the average baroreflexsensitivity showed no significant change during the 3-monthfollow-up (10.2 +5.6 to 11.8 ± 7.5 ms. mmHg ^–1,ns) and remained lower than the baroreflex sensitivity of thecontrols (16.4 ± 9.7 ms. mmHg^–1, P<0.05). Baroreflexsensitivity correlated significantly with exercise capacitymeasured before hospital discharge. When the patients were dividedinto tertiles according to the baroreflex sensitivity ( –3.3 ± 1.5 ms. mmHg^–1 in the lowest tertile, 1.0± 1.0 ms. mmHg^–1 in the middle tertile and 7.5± 40 ms. mmHg^–1 in the highest tertile) the exercisecapacity was found to increase from the lowest to the highesttertile (exercise time 357 ± 115 s, 418 ± 126s and 461 ± 141 s, respectively; P<0.05 lowest vshighest tertile). Patients with a low exercise tolerance (exercisetime <360 s) showed a significantly smaller Abaroreflex sensitivitythan patients with a good exercise tolerance (exercise time480s) ( – 0.5±4.4 vs 5.3 ± 5.4ms. mmHg^–1,P<0.05), respectively. Baroreflex sensitivity was not relatedto the location or type of infarction, thrombolytic therapy,presence of angina pectoris or left ventricular function atthe time of discharge. In conclusion, exercise capacity assessedbefore hospital discharge seems to be a predictor of baroreflexsensitivity recovery in patients with a recent myocardial infarction.     

Diurnal sleep/wake-related immune functions during the menstrual cycle of healthy young women

SUMMARY  Animal and human studies have related the sleeping/waking brain to the immune system. Because women are more susceptible to certain immunological illnesses, and sex steroids regulate immune functions, it was investigated whether the diurnal sleep/wake pattern of aspects of cellular immune functions and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2-like activities differed during low and high progesterone phases of the menstrual cycle.
Eleven healthy women, mean age 24y, were assessed over 24h with serial venous blood samples. Peripheral blood monocytes were assayed for mitogen responses, i.e. phytohemagglutin (PHA) and pokeweed (PWM) and natural killer (NK) cell activities. Plasma was assayed for IL-1 and IL-2-like activities, cortisol and progesterone. Data were standardized by Z transformation and analysed by repeated-measures analysis of variance by comparing high ( N = 5) vs. low ( N = 6) progesterone phases.
During the high progesterone phase, delayed slow-wave sleep (SWS) onset time and reduced amount of SWS was accompanied by a delay in the decline of NK cell activity, but rise in PHA activity following sleep onset. With the low progesterone phase, the pattern was similar to men with an early sleep decline in NK cell and late sleep rise in PHA activities. PWM rose during the night and plasma IL-1-like activity peaked during midday and during nocturnal sleep irrespective of the amount of progesterone.
Slow-wave sleep and sleep-related NK cell and PHA activities differed over the menstrual cycle, but not PWM response. Increases in plasma IL-1 functions during midday and night are consistent with predisposition to sleepiness during these times.     

Post-stroke depression: Relationships with morphological damage and cognition over time

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between poststroke depression (PSD), lesion location and cognitive deficits after stroke. We studied 20 patients within the first month after clinical onset (T1), and one year later (T2). PSD was observed in 55% of patients at T1 and 35% of patients at T2. At T1, depression was reliably correlated with dorsal lesions in the right-hemisphere and anterior lesions in the left hemisphere. Lesion location was no longer a significant factor determining PSD at T2. Changes in PSD, from T1 to T2, were inversely correlated with the performances in cognitive tests exploring the domains of attention, visuospatial learning, executive/motor functions, and with the global composite cognitive score. Our data suggest that: 1) in the mix of influences that may produce PSD, lesion location is the main factor determining mood changes after stroke in the first month; 2) PSD produces deficits in attention, learning, and executive/motor functions, without affecting language and other cognitive domains.

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Sommario Scopo di questo studio sono i rapporti tra la depressione post-stroke (PSD), la localizzazione della lesione cerebrovascolare e i disturbi cognitivi conseguenti alla lesione. Abbiamo studiato 20 pazienti entro il primo mese dall'episodio ictale (T1) ed un anno dopo (T2). La PSD era osservabile nel 55% dei pazienti a T1 e nel 35% dei pazienti a T2. A T1, la PSD era significativamente correlata con lesioni dorsali nell'emisfero di destra e con lesioni anteriori nell'emisfero di sinistra. Queste correlazioni non erano più significative a T2. Le variazioni della PSD da T1 a T2 erano inversamente correlate con le prestazioni dei pazienti a compiti cognitivi di attenzione, apprendimento visuospaziale, funzioni esecutivo/motorie, e con un punteggio cognitivo composito.Questi dati suggeriscono che: 1) tra le numerose cause che possono produrre la PSD, la localizzazione della lesione sembra essere il fattore principale nel primo mese dopo l'episodio cerebrovascolare; 2) la PSD produce disturbi attentivi, di apprendimento visuospaziale ed esecutivi/motori senza determinare disturbi nella sfera del linguaggio e di altre funzioni cognitive.

     

新型常规潜艇长航60昼夜对艇员体能耐力及心理工效的影响

目的;探讨新型常规潜艇长航６０昼夜对艇员视力听力,心肺功能、体能耐力和心理工效等的影响。方法：通过临床体检,特殊检查观察长航艇员生理和心理方面的变化。结果：长航艇员视力和听力下降,心率加快,心脏搏出量减少,用力肺活量及最大通气量减少,体能耐力和工作能力下降。结论：潜艇长航对艇员视力听力,心肺功能,体能耐力,工作能力和心理工效均有一定程度的影响。