The central action of pizotifen

The central action of the potential antidepressant drug pizotifen (Sandomigran) was studied in mice, rats and rabbits. Pizotifen in doses up to 10 mg/kg i.p. was ineffective in classic tests for antidepressant activity. It neither antagonized the effects of reserpine in rats (hypothermia, ptosis) nor potentiated the effects of amphetamine (in mice and rats), nialamide or L-dopa (in mice) on locomotor activity. However, its antidepressant activity was found in the despair test in rats.On the other hand, pizotifen inhibited the head twitch reaction induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan in mice (ED₅₀=0.009 mg/kg, i.p.) and by 5-methoxytryptamine (+tranylcypromine) in rats (ED₅₀=0.45 mg/kg, i.p.). It also antagonized tryptamine-induced clonic convulsions of fore-paws in rats (ED₅₀=0.35 mg/kg, i.p.), and in doses of 5–10 mg/kg s.c. inhibited hyperthermia produced by LSD in rabbits. Finally, pizotifen (0.1–0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited or abolished LSD- or quipazine-induced stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex of spinal rats; the above effect was not due to noradrenolytic action of the drug. These results suggest that pizotifen strongly blocks the central postsynaptic serotonin receptors.     

抗抑郁药物在恶性肿瘤疼痛治疗中的应用与疗效观察

目的 研究不同类型的抗抑郁剂作为辅助性干预药物在恶性肿瘤疼痛伴发抑郁治疗中应用及其疗效。方法 将126例患者随机分组,全部患者在不受干扰、继续常规应用止痛药物的同时,进行抗抑郁药物辅助性干预治疗,抗抑郁药物选择5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂氟西汀20mg/d(氟西汀组)和三环类抗抑郁药物氯丙咪嗪250mg/d(氯丙咪嗪组)口服,分别于服药当日及服药后3周进行相关各项指标的评定比较。观察抗抑郁药物的应用对缓解恶性肿瘤患者临床抑郁症状的作用及疗效;观察抗抑郁药物与止痛药物联合应用对患者疼痛程度、强度的影响;观察抗抑郁药物应用的毒副反应情况。结果 氟西汀组患者抑郁情绪明显缓解,治疗前后比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),氯丙咪嗪组患者治疗前后抑郁情绪也有一定的缓解,但差异无显著性(P>0.05);同时,NRS在两组患者中均明显下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。氯丙咪嗪组患者在食欲、睡眠、日常生活三项不但未见改善,反而加重,治疗前后比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);精神状态、情绪、与人交往和生活乐趣四项治疗前后比较略有改善,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。氟西汀组患者在用药期间未见有明显的不良反应发生。氯丙咪嗪组患者中出现锥体外系反应,较明显的抗胆碱样副反应、药疹和体位性低血压。结论 在恶性肿瘤的疼痛治疗中加     

Is third trimester serotonin reuptake inhibitor use associated with postpartum hemorrhage?

As serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) use may decrease platelet function, previous research has shown a relationship between SRI use and an increased risk for bruising and bleeding. The literature regarding the association between SRI use during pregnancy and increased bleeding at delivery, referred to as postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), is mixed. In secondary analyses from two prospective observational studies of pregnant women with mood disorders, 263 women were exposed to an SRI (n = 51) or not (n = 212) in the third trimester. To be precise, we used the terminology estimated blood loss (EBL) >600 cc rather than the term PPH because the current definition of PPH differs. The occurrence of EBL >600 cc was determined using the Peripartum Events Scale (PES) completed from obstetrical records by a blinded medically trained member of the study team. EBL >600 cc occurred in 8.7% of women in this cohort. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of EBL >600 cc in the 24 h after delivery in women taking SRIs during the third trimester (9.8%) compared to non-exposed women (8.5%). Utilizing generalizing estimating equations, the odds of EBL >600 cc in each group were not significantly different (OR 1.17, CI-0.41-3.32, p = 0.77). When the SRI group was limited to women with exposure at the time of delivery, the difference in the odds of EBL >600 cc was unchanged (OR 1.16, CI = 0.37–3.64, p = 0.79). In population, both third trimester and use at delivery of SRIs during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of excessive blood loss.     

Prophylactic antidepressant treatment following acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Major depressive disorder is significantly increased in patients following acute coronary syndrome resulting in twofold increased mortality compared with patients without depression. The depression diagnosis is often missed leading to considerable undertreatment. This systematic review assesses the current evidence of primary prophylactic treatment of depression in patients after acute coronary syndrome. The study protocol was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42015025587). A systematic review were conducted and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Cochran Library was searched. Two independent reviewers screened the records. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials on adult patients with acute coronary syndrome treated prophylactically with an antidepressant intervention of any kind. A validated assessment tool should measure depression and depressive symptoms. Languages were limited to articles written in English. Six articles were included. Four studies utilized different components of case and disease management, health coaching, or relaxational audiotapes as intervention compared with usual care or with no formal program of rehabilitation. None of the studies showed any significant prophylactic effect against depression. One study with a program of health education and counselling and another study with a pharmacological antidepressant showed significant prophylactic effect on depression and depressive symptoms. All six included studies were associated with high risk of bias. There is not strong evidence of the effects of any type of routine antidepressant prophylaxis in patients following acute coronary syndrome. Further high quality studies are warranted.     

Proteomics profiling reveals inflammatory biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response: Findings from the CO-MED trial

Animal and human studies suggest an association between depression and aberrant immune response. Further, common inflammatory markers may change during the course of antidepressant treatment in patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes from subjects enrolled in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcome (CO-MED) trial. At baseline and week 12 (treatment completion), plasma samples of 102 participants were analyzed via a multiplex assay comprised of inflammatory markers using a 27-plex standard assay panel plus a 4-plex human acute phase xMAP technology based platform. We carried out analyses in two steps. First, t-tests were used to identify inflammatory marker levels that changed between baseline and week 12. For markers that were altered, logistic regression models were then conducted to look for associated changes in remission at week 12. Among the 31 inflammatory markers analyzed, several cytokines (IL-5, IFN-γ, IL-13), two chemokines (Eotaxin-1/CCL11, RANTES) and an acute-phase reactant (serum amyloid P component) showed change from baseline to week 12. However, only two indicated differential remission responses. Interestingly, increased levels of Eotaxin-1/CCL11 correlated with remission at week 12, whereas decreased levels of IFN-γ correlated with non-remission at week 12. Results suggest that these inflammatory proteins may serve as predictors of treatment response.     

抗精神类药物在化疗致呕吐不良反应的临床处理方法

目的:探讨抗精神类药物用于化疗致呕吐不良反应中的应用方法及效果。方法:选择化疗致呕吐患者60例,依照床位单双号随机、平均分为研究组与对照组,对照组予以常规止吐处理,研究组在常规止吐基础上联合抗精神类药物奥氮平止吐,对比两组患者止吐效果和生活质量。结果:研究组患者治疗有效率为36.7%、无效率为63.3%,有效率明显高于对照组(P=0.013);研究组患者食欲、睡眠、生活、精神状态、沟通交往、生活乐趣改善率分别为56.7%、36.7%、43.3%、43.3%、26.7%、26.7%,改善率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:抗精神类药物用于化疗致呕吐不良反应治疗中有确切的止吐效果,且能对患者食欲、睡眠、精神状态等起到调节作用,在止吐的同时改善生活质量。     

抗惊恐障碍药物的临床研究进展

本文综述了临床上用于治疗惊恐障碍的相关药物,评价并比较这些药物的疗效、不良反应及差异。结果发现,在当前选择性5－羟色胺再摄取抑制剂西酞普兰、依他普仑、氟伏沙明、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林,5－羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂、三环抗抑郁药和苯二氮艹卓类为治疗惊恐障碍的有效药物。另外,β受体阻断剂、抗惊厥药、孕激素、肌醇、丁螺环酮等在惊恐障碍的治疗中也有使用。因此,当前惊恐障碍药物的临床研究很好的反应了这些药物的作用和差异,这有助于临床医护工作者有效的选择药物。