孤立性腹主动脉夹层的诊断与治疗：附27例报告

目的:总结孤立性腹主动脉夹层(IAAD)的诊治经验。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2015年8月期间诊治的IAAD患者的临床资料,主要包括患者一般资料、诊断与治疗方法以及生存情况。结果:共27例IAAD患者入组,其中男17例(63.0%,17/27),女10例(37.0%,10/27);合并高血压9例(33.3%,9/27);外伤性IAAD 1例(3.7%,1/27),自发性IAAD 26例(96.3%,26/27)。所有患者均由CT血管造影(CTA)明确诊断,均经腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗,技术成功率100%。EVAR术中植入分叉型人工血管内支架20例(74.1%,20/27),直型人工血管内支架7例(25.9%,7/27)。随访26例(96.3%,26/27),平均随访(11.8±5.0)个月,患者均正常生存,无异常腹部体征,腹主动脉CTA提示腹主动脉重构良好,未见内漏、新发夹层以及支架移位等并发症。结论:IAAD属临床少见病,发病时可以表现为腰腹痛等非特异性症状或无症状,EVAR治疗IAAD可行且近期疗效佳,但长期疗效仍待进一步随访结果。     

Gastroduodenal artery aneurysm e A rare complication of traumaticpancreatic injury

Aneurysm of gastroduodenal artery (GDA) is rare. Most reported cases are due to pancreatitis and atherosclerosis; however, those following pancreatic trauma have not been reported. We encountered GDA aneurysm in a patient of blunt abdominal trauma, who had pancreatic contusion and retroduodenal air on contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen. Emergency laparotomy for suspected duodenal injury revealed duodenal wall and pancreatic head contusion, mild hemoperitoneum and no evidence of duodenal perforation. In the postoperative period, the patient developed upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage on day 5. Repeat imaging revealed GDA aneurysm, which was managed successfully by angioembolization. This case highlights, one, delayed presentation of GDA aneurysm after blunt pancreatic trauma and two, its successful management using endovascular technique.     

血管内弹簧圈介入栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤11例

目的 评价血管内弹簧圈介入栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年10月至2021年5月皖南医学院弋矶山医院血管外科收治的脾动脉瘤病人11例的临床资料,通过股动脉穿刺经微导管将可控弹簧圈（Boston Scientifc interlock）单纯瘤体填塞6例,行瘤体、入瘤动脉及流出道填塞2例,行瘤体及流出道填塞3例。结果 术中出现脾动脉夹层1例,经脾动脉中段弹簧圈栓塞后夹层消失。其余10例经弹簧圈栓塞的脾动脉瘤病人术后影像学效果满意,术后出现右下肢腘静脉血栓1例,经给予抗凝治疗4 d后超声复查示腘静脉通畅。术中、术后未出现动脉瘤破裂出血,未出现手术穿刺区域相关的并发症,随访所有病例未见瘤体进一步增大或复发。结论 弹簧圈介入栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤具有微创、安全、有效的特点,是治疗脾动脉瘤的有效方法。     

Activated myeloid dendritic cells accumulate and co-localize with CD3+ T cells in coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease

Emerging evidence implicating the participation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells in various vascular inflammatory diseases such as giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, and atherosclerosis led us to hypothesize that they might also participate in the pathogenesis of coronary arteritis in Kawasaki disease (KD). Coronary artery specimens from 4 patients with KD and 6 control patients were obtained. Immunohistochemical and computer-assisted histomorphometric analyses were performed to detect all myeloid DCs (S-100(+), fascin(+)), all plasmacytoid DCs (CD123(+)) as well as specific DC subsets (mature myeloid DCs [CD83(+)], myeloid [BDCA-1(+)] and plasmacytoid DC precursors [BDCA-2(+)]), T cells (CD3(+)), and all antigen-presenting cells (HLA-DR(+)). Co-localization of DCs with T cells was assessed using double immunostaining. Significantly more myeloid DCs at a precursor, immature or mature stage were found in coronary lesions of KD patients than in controls. Myeloid DC precursors were distributed equally in the intima and adventitia. Mature myeloid DCs were particularly abundant in the adventitia. There was a significant correlation between mature DCs and HLA-DR expression. Double immunostaining demonstrated frequent contacts between myeloid DCs and T cells in the outer media and adventitia. Plasmacytoid DC precursors were rarely found in the adventitia. In conclusion, coronary artery lesions of KD patients contain increased numbers of mature myeloid DCs with high HLA-DR expression and frequent T cell contacts detected immunohistochemically. This suggests that mature arterial myeloid DCs might be activating T cells in situ and may be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of coronary arteritis in KD.     

Acute myocardial infarction due to an unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in a patient with Behçet's syndrome

This report describes the case of a 45-year-old Korean female who had suffered from Behçet''s syndrome for two years with a huge, unruptured aneurysm originating from the left coronary sinus. The aneurysm had caused myocardial and aortic insufficiency by compressing the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. The orifice of the aneurysm was at the left coronary sinus, about 5mm from the left main coronary ostium, and it was filled with organized thrombi. Surgical repair was performed by closing the entrance of the aneurysm with a Dacron patch and by implementing aortic valve repair and coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient''s coronary flow was restored postoperatively, and all anginal symptoms disappeared.     

Systematic review of contemporary outcomes of endovascular and open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to provide a systematic review of the literature reporting the contemporary early outcomes after endovascular and open repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs).MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies from January 2006 to March 2018 that reported either endovascular (using branched or fenestrated endografts) or open repair of TAAA in at least 10 patients. Outcomes of interest included perioperative mortality, spinal cord injury (SCI), renal failure requiring dialysis, and stroke. Pooled proportions were determined using a random-effects model.ResultsThe analysis included 71 studies, of which 24 and 47 reported outcomes after endovascular and open TAAA repair, respectively. Endovascular cohort patients were older and had higher rates of coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes. Endovascular repair was associated with higher rates of SCI (13.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.5%-16.7%) compared with open repair (7.4%; 95% CI, 6.2%-8.7%; P < .01) but similar rates of permanent paralysis (5.2% [95% CI, 3.8%-6.7%] vs 4.4% [95% CI, 3.3%-5.6%]; P = .39), lower rates of postoperative dialysis (6.4% [95% CI, 3.2%-9.5%] vs 12.0% [95% CI, 8.2%-16.3%]; P = .03) but similar rates of being discharged on permanent dialysis (3.7% [95% CI, 2.0%-5.9%] vs 3.8% [95% CI, 2.9%-5.3%]; P = .93), a trend to lower stroke (2.7% [95% CI, 1.9%-3.6%] vs 3.9% [95% CI, 3.0%-4.9%]; P = .06), and similar perioperative mortality (7.4% [95% CI, 5.9%-9.1%] vs 8.9% [95% CI, 7.2%-10.9%]; P = .21).ConclusionsThis systematic review summarizes the contemporary literature results of endovascular and open TAAA repair. Endovascular repair studies included patients with more comorbidities and were associated with higher rates of SCI but similar rates of permanent paraplegia, whereas open repair studies had higher rates of postoperative dialysis but similar rates of being discharged on permanent dialysis. Perioperative mortality rates were similar. Universally adopted reporting standards for patient characteristics, outcomes, and the conduct of contemporary comparative studies will allow better assessment and comparisons of the risks associated with the two surgical treatment options for TAAA.     

复杂腹主动脉瘤内脏分支重建技术评价

随着腔内治疗技术和器材的发展,腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术已成为腹主动脉瘤的首选治疗方式。而近端锚定区不良以及累及内脏分支的复杂腹主动脉瘤则是制约该技术发展和影响其治疗效果的关键因素。平行支架、开窗支架、分支支架、多层密网支架和去分支等技术是目前重建内脏分支的主要方法,笔者结合相关研究结果对上述技术进行简要讨论,以期为复杂腹主动脉瘤的腔内治疗提供参考。     

胸主动脉夹层动物模型研究进展

主动脉夹层（AD）是一种复杂且致死率高的疾病,特别是胸主动脉夹层（TAD）,目前对AD的认知和治疗仍处于不断发展的阶段,理论与实践需要借助动物模型来完成转化,由此各种模型应运而生,互为补充、相互促进。要创建一个理想动物模型需先全面了解各种模型的利弊,才能取各家之长,达到自己的实验目的。TAD小动物模型主要通过化学诱导或转基因方式建模,TAD大动物模型则主要采用外科手术或腔内途径建模,笔者就以上TAD动物模型的各种建模方式作简要综述。     

血管内带膜支架在颅底血管性病变中的应用

目的探讨Jostent冠脉带膜支架对于颅底动脉瘤和颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗效果。方法于2005年6月-2006年5月应用Jostent冠脉带膜支架治疗14例患者,包括8例颅底动脉瘤和6例颈动脉海绵窦瘘,年龄14~62岁。结果在12例患者中带膜支架被成功释放于靶动脉,导致动脉瘤或瘘完全消除并保持载瘤(瘘)动脉畅通,临床效果满意。在另两例患者中,因血管纡曲带膜支架无法到达指定位置。无手术相关并发症发生。4例患者于带膜支架放置后6个月获造影随访,显示病变未再通,载瘤(瘘)动脉畅通。结论带膜支架对于某些颅底动脉瘤和颈动脉海绵窦瘘是有用的血管内治疗手段。带膜支架的制作工艺仍有待发展和优化,以使之适用于脑血管系统。     

超声对乏氏窦瘤与冠脉畸形的诊断与鉴别

本文报道术前超声诊断乏氏窦瘤与冠脉畸形４０例，均与手术或动脉造影结果对比。结果超声诊断正确率达９５％。有２例右乏氏窦瘤右房漏被误诊为右冠脉畸形右房漏。由于二者好发部位接近，图像表现类似，多普勒频谱相似，因此鉴别诊断的关键在于心底短轴仔细探查冠脉的起始和走行方向，并追踪冠状动脉与瘤样结构的关系，以避免误诊。