Brainstem compression by basilar artery anomalies as visualized by MRI

Summary The use of MRI in the diagnosis of vascular anomalies of the basilar artery is demonstrated in two cases. The first patient had a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm of the basilar artery; the second had an atypical course of the basilar artery. MRI is indicated whenever other imaging procedures do not provide a definite diagnosis or the use of contrast medium for conventional X-ray examination or computed tomography is contraindicated.     

血管内栓塞治疗椎基底动脉瘤(附245例报告)

目的 本文总结245例椎基底动脉瘤血管内治疗经验。方法 本组1986年7月至2002年6月共收治245例椎基底动脉瘤，其中224例进行了血管内栓塞治疗。治疗方法包括：单侧椎动脉球囊闭塞术（51例），单纯弹簧圈栓塞术（107例），球囊再塑形技术加弹簧圈栓塞术（34例），支架加弹簧圈术（24例），单纯支架术（4例），可脱性球囊栓塞术（4例），21例中2例因导管不能到位放弃治疗，另外1例血管造影时出现脑梗塞，放弃治疗，其余18例因各种原因未治。结果 本组病例无一例死亡。有1例支架加弹簧圈栓塞术病例术后3小时出现脑干缺血症状经45天药物治疗症状消失，224例病人中有145例进行4个月至8年的复查或随访，宽颈动脉瘤有11例第一次栓塞术后复发，动脉瘤又有增大，其中有1例出现蛛网膜下出血，这11例中有5例又再次弹簧圈栓塞，另外6例因经济困难尚未继续栓塞治疗。结论 由于血管内治疗技术和材料的不断进步，绝大多数椎基底动脉瘤可以得到有效治疗，过去被视为“不治之症”的某些基底动脉梭形动脉瘤也取得了良好疗效。     

异氟醚控制性降压对颅内动脉瘤夹闭术血中S100B含量的影响

目的　测定颅内动脉瘤夹闭前后血中S1 0 0B蛋白含量 ,研究异氟醚控制性降压对脑功能的影响。方法　择期颅内动脉瘤夹闭术病人 30例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,随机分为两组 :异氟醚降压组 (n=1 5 )和异氟醚非降压组 (n =1 5 )。非降压组术中吸入 1MAC异氟醚维持麻醉。降压组行异氟醚控制性降压 ,平均动脉压下降幅度 30 %～ 4 0 % ,夹闭动脉瘤后降低异氟醚吸入浓度 ,终止降压。分别于切皮前、动脉瘤夹闭后即刻、2、4h、术后第 1、2天取血测定S1 0 0B蛋白含量 ,并于术后 1周随访病人 ,记录有无术后神经系统并发症。结果　 (1 )异氟醚降压后 30min平均动脉压由诱导前的 (95 2± 1 2 3)mmHg降至 (5 8 8± 5 4 )mmHg ,停止降压后 30min血压回升至 (75 1± 8 3)mmHg。降压后外周血管阻力及心肌收缩加速度下降 ,但心率及心输出量均无显著性变化 ;(2 )异氟醚降压组与非降压组间同一时间点血中S1 0 0B蛋白浓度无明显差异。降压组术后第 1天及第 2天血中S1 0 0B蛋白浓度均显著升高 (F =2 94 4 ,P =0 0 1 8)。结论　在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中应用异氟醚控制性降压可能加重了术后脑损伤 ,不利于病人围麻醉期脑功能的保护     

脑动脉瘤手术麻醉处理体会

我院自2002年2月至2003年10月期间施行脑动脉瘤手术18例。现将麻醉处理体会，并结合文献总结如下。     

Aortic root dilatation may alter the dimensions of the valve leaflets

Objective: Valve-sparing surgery can be used in patients with dilated aortic roots and aortic insufficiency (AI) but has not become a common practice, in part because the spared valve may be incompetent. Our goal was to study how the dimensions of the aortic root and leaflets have changed in such patients. Methods: Fourteen patients with dilated aortic root and AI were examined by transesophageal echocardiography. The annulus diameter, sinotubular junction (STJ) diameter, sinus height, leaflet free-edge length, and leaflet height were measured. Correlations among these dimensions and with the AI grades were explored. Measurements were also made in 19 normal human aortic valves from silicone molds. Results: There was no evident change in the average diameter of the annulus between the normal valves and those in the dilated aortic roots. The STJ diameter was obviously increased in the dilated aortic roots; the aortic sinuses also appeared to be taller and the leaflets larger than normal. The leaflet free-edge length, the leaflet height, and the sinus height were found to increase with the dilated STJ diameter. The degree of AI was not found to correlate well with any of the dimensions measured. Conclusions: The dimensions of the leaflets may change parallel to aortic root dilatation with AI. Therefore, during valve sparing, it may be necessary to correct both the dilatation of the root and the leaflet free-edge length to achieve a competent valve.     

Epilepsy after operative treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms

Summary A retrospective analysis of 183 consecutive patients operated on for ruptured cerebral aneurysms and surviving at least one year revealed appearance of postoperative epilepsy in 14 cases (8 per cent) on an average of 10 months (range 0–23 months) after the operation. Factors associated with the development of secondary epilepsy were localization of the aneurysm on the middle cerebral artery, temporary clipping intraoperatively, wrapping technique to treat the aneurysm, and vasospasm seen on the postoperative control angiogram. Intraoperative and/or postoperative ischaemia seems to be the crucial phenomenon favouring the development of epilepsy. Identification of the risk factors may help to focus the anti-epileptic prophylaxis in cases prone to develop seizures.     

Giant fusiform aneurysm of the vertebro-basilar artery presenting with stroke

The authors describe a case of giant fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery presenting with ischemic symptoms. Angiography and CT revealed vertebro-basilar fusiform aneurysmal dilatation. Fusiform vertebro-basilar ancurysm is associated with various complications particularly brain stem infarction. Similar lesions in the literature are reviewed and the relationship between this clinical entity and cerebral ischemia, particularly brainstem infarction are discussed.     

Aneurysm detection using one-bit correlation

Intercranial aneurysm present an especially serious clinical problem, since their rupture generally results in death or permanent brain damage. Recent work, conducted by the authors, indicated that this anomaly can be detected using spectral signature analysis. A low-cost turnkey noninvasive aneurysm-detection system is being tested for this purpose. Using polarity-coincident noise-added one-bit correlators, aneurysms have been successfully detected.     

GDC栓塞术中颅内动脉瘤再破裂的原因、对策与结果

目的探讨电解脱弹簧圈(Guglialm i detachab le coil,GDC)颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中动脉瘤再破裂的发生率、原因、对策及结果。方法302例颅内动脉瘤破裂患者行GDC栓塞术,其中8例发生术中动脉瘤再破裂。结果2例由微导丝穿破动脉瘤壁引起,3例由微导管穿破动脉瘤壁引起,2例由置放首枚弹簧圈时顶破动脉瘤壁引起,l例术中自发破裂,所有病例均继续行GDC动脉瘤填塞。2例死于动脉瘤破裂后大出血,其他6例均康复没有留下后遗症。本组术中动脉瘤再破裂发生率为2.6%,死亡率为25%。结论GDC血管内栓塞术中引起动脉瘤再破裂是十分少见的,但大部分病例经过继续填塞GDC可达到完全填塞动脉瘤,且不留下后遗症。