Peri-operative complications in pediatric and adolescent shoulder arthroscopy

Background

Shoulder arthroscopy is not common in the pediatric and adolescent population, but the frequency may be on the rise. The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of acute complications of arthroscopic shoulder surgery in children and adolescents.

Methods

A retrospective, cross-sectional review was performed identifying patients aged 18 years or less who underwent an arthroscopic shoulder procedure from 1997 to 2009 at Institution 1 and 2007 to 2010 at Institution 2. Exclusion criteria included open procedures and missing records. Demographic and surgical data were collected, including intra-operative and post-operative complications during the first 6 months. The complications were divided into minor (no secondary treatment) and major (secondary treatment rendered).

Results

Two hundred children, mean age 15.9 years, met criteria and 73 % were boys. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia, but 51 % included inter-scalene regional anesthesia. There were 16 (8.0 %) total complications recorded. Major complications occurred in five (2.5 %) patients, including two tendinitis/bursitis requiring injections, one broken pain pump catheter requiring an accessory incision to retrieve, one pain control readmission, and one laceration of the cephalic vein requiring ligation. Minor complications occurred in 11 (5.5 %) patients, including allergic reactions, transient dysesthesias, headaches, bronchitis, syncope, transient hypotension, and uvula swelling.

Conclusion

Although we found no seriously deleterious outcomes, it is important to recognize that an additional service was rendered for 2.5 % of children undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. The events that did occur may be preventable and this study should serve as a baseline to improve quality and safety of shoulder arthroscopy in the pediatric population.     

Pneumomédiastin tardif révélé par un œdème aigu du poumon en hémodialyse

Central venous catheterization occupies an important place in the treatment of end stage renal disease pending the creation of an arteriovenous fistula. However, this procedure is not devoid of complications. We report a case of late pneumomediastinum revealed by an acute pulmonary edema in a young patient on hemodialysis, and we discuss its characteristics.     

乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎疗效的系统评价

目的评价乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的有效性和安全性.方法应用国际Cochrane协作网系统评价方法对乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的随机对照试验(RCT)进行系统评价.计算机检索Cochrane临床对照试验资料库(2004年第3期)、MEDLINE(1966～2004)、EMBASE(1984～2004)和中国生物医学文献数据库(1978～2004),手工检索发表与未发表的中文文献,纳入乌司他丁与其他治疗措施相比较的随机对照试验,是否使用盲法语种均不受限制.统计学处理采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 4.2软件.结果共纳入17个RCT,1 199例患者,所有纳入试验在治疗末均未进行随访.乌司他丁加常规治疗与常规治疗比较:6个试验的Meta 分析结果显示,乌司他丁组的治疗有效率(176/189,93.12%)明显高于对照组(143/195,73.33%),其差异具有统计学意义[Peto OR 4.29,95%CI(2.49,7.37), P<0.00001].乌司他丁组平均住院日低于对照组,其差异具有统计学意义[WMD -4.93,95%CI (-7.76,-2.09), P＝0.0007].乌司他丁加常规治疗与其他药物加常规治疗比较:2个试验的Meta分析结果显示,乌司他丁组的治疗有效率(131/151,86.75%)与对照组(99/123,80.49%)相比有增高趋势,但差异无统计学意义[Peto OR1.46,95%CI(0.76,2.80), P=0.26].1个试验显示,乌司他丁组的平均住院日为23.5±7.5天,低于对照组34.0±6.4天,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).且不良反应发生率(7/488,1.43%)较低.结论本研究所纳入试验的方法学质量均较低,虽显示乌司他丁在改善急性胰腺炎近期临床疗效指标方面优于常规治疗,但因尚无评价远期疗效的试验,尚不能对其疗效得出可靠的结论.     

降纤酶治疗急性脑梗塞的临床研究

目的　观察降纤酶治疗急性脑梗塞的临床疗效。方法　 81例患者随机分治疗组 46例和对照组 35例。治疗组应用降纤酶每次 5BU ,每日 1次 ,静脉滴注 ,连用 5天。对照组应用低分子右旋糖酐 +复方丹参每日 1次 ,静脉滴注 ,连用14天。结果用 χ2 检验进行统计学分析。结果　治疗组疗效明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,发病 2 4小时内用药的疗效显著高于 2 4小时后用药组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　早期应用降纤酶治疗急性脑梗塞有明显疗效。     

Variable methodological quality and use found in systematic reviews referenced in STEMI clinical practice guidelines

Background

The objective of this study was to assess the methodological quality and clarity of reporting of the systematic reviews (SRs) supporting clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations in the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) across international CPGs.

食物及药物中毒性急性肾功能衰竭血液透析治疗

目的 总结分析38例食物及药物中毒性急性肾功能衰竭患者经血液透析治疗后肾功能恢复正常的经验。方法 38例误食毒性物质或药物后发生急性肾功能衰竭患者(18例毒蕈中毒,14例鱼胆中毒,药物中毒6例)经临时血液透析通路进行血液透析。结果 38例患者经血液透析治疗后随访半年至一年尿量及肾功能均恢复正常。结论 血液透析是治疗急性食物或药物中毒导致急性肾功能衰竭的有效治疗方法之一。     

非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征患者心率震荡的临床分析——附21例报告

目的:研究非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征(non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome,NSTEACS)患者的心率震荡特点,并评价心率震荡测量指标对预测NSTEACS危险性的价值.方法:21例NSTEACS为病例组,选择同期20名体格检查的健康人为对照组,比较两组的震荡起始和震荡斜率,同时分析震荡起始与左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、肌钙蛋白I、每5 min平均正常窦性心搏间期的标准差(standard deviation of per-5 min averages normal number of intervals,SDANN)的相关性.结果:病例组震荡起始值显著高于对照组(-0.0139±0.0013、-0.0622±0.0368,P＜0.05);两组间震荡斜率值差异无统计学意义.震荡起始值与LVEF和SDANN呈负相关.结论:NSTEACS患者的心率震荡指标震荡起始较正常健康组明显增高,且与传统评价NSTEACS的危险性指标LVEF、SDANN有较好的相关性,震荡起始有可能作为预测NSTEACS患者危险性的指标.     

急性白血病患者合并医院感染调查

目的探讨急性白血病(AL)患合并医院感染的特点，分析引起医院感染的危险因素，为制订医院感染防治措施提供客观依据。方法对我院血液科2001年10月-2003年10月住院治疗的311例AL病例。填写统一的个案登记表。其中144例为医院感染组，167例无任何感染为非医院感染组，两组资料进行单因素卡方检验后，用非条件Logistic回归模型进行多元分析。结果医院感染发生率为46．3％，例次发生率为51．4％。感染部位以呼吸道、血液、口腔为主，感染部位不明患亦占一定比例。导致感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主占46．6％，革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南-西司他丁、阿米卡星和头孢他啶较敏感．革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、阿米卡星较敏感。多因素分析结果筛选出年龄、糖皮质激素、外周血中性粒细胞绝对计数、化疗周期、住院天数、治疗阶段、近期感染和住院季节是医院感染的独立危险因素。结论AL医院感染发生率高，预防和控制医院感染是提高AL治疗水平和延长患生存期的重要方面。致病菌多数为条件致病菌、耐药率较高，病情复杂，进展迅速，预后凶险。年龄、糖皮质激素、外周血中性粒细胞绝对计数、化疗周期、住院天数、治疗阶段、近期感染和住院季节是AL医院感染的独立危险因素。     

Effects of vaporized perfluorohexane and partial liquid ventilation on regional distribution of alveolar damage in experimental lung injury

Objective To determine whether the patterns of distribution of histological effects of vaporized perfluorohexane (PFH) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) differ significantly in acute lung injury. Design and setting Experimental study in an animal research laboratory. Subjects Eighteen pigs. Interventions After induction of acute lung injury by means of infusion of oleic acid animals were randomly assigned to PFH, PLV, or gas ventilation (GV) groups. Six hours thereafter animals were killed, and lung tissue samples were taken for analysis. Measurements and results Histopathological analysis revealed less damage with PFH than with GV or PLV in the nondependent and central regions. PFH and PLV showed less injury in the dependent regions than GV. GV and PFH were associated with less histological damage in the nondependent than the dependent regions, whereas PLV presented the opposite pattern. Morphometric analysis showed increased aeration in nondependent than dependent regions with PFH and GV. PLV led to more aeration in the periphery than in central areas. Conclusions PFH was associated with a more homogeneous attenuation of alveolar damage across the lungs, although this therapy had more pronounced effects in nondependent zones. PLV showed the opposite pattern, with more important reduction in alveolar damage in dependent lung regions. Interestingly, reduction in alveolar damage with PFH was as effective as with PLV in dependent zones. Our findings suggest that vaporized perfluorocarbon could be advantageous as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of acute lung injury. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. This work was supported by grant nos. AB 135/1-1 and HU 818/3-1 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn, Germany An erratum to this article can be found at     

氨溴索缓释胶囊治疗慢性支气管炎急性发作的疗效观察

目的观察氨溴索缓释胶囊辅助治疗慢性支气管炎的疗效。方法67例门诊患者分为两组,实验组34例,在常规治疗地基础上口服氨溴索缓释胶囊75mg/次,每日1次,连续服用7d;对照组33例,仅给予常规治疗,疗程7d。结果实验组有效率85.29%,对照组有效率75.76%,两组疗效差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论氨溴索缓释胶囊能有效治疗慢性支气管炎的急性发作。