Long-term application of diethylstilbestrol upregulates expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats

BACKGROUND: During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release prolactin (PRL) and may promote formation of prolactin neoplasia in pituitary anterior lobe. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the expressions of μ and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats. DESIGN: Observational contrast animal study. SETTING: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. MATERIALS: A total of 21 female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old weighing 70–80 g were housed with free access to tap water and standard pellet food. They were kept in a CL-grade condition, at (24±1)℃ and a humidity of (55±5)%, and with a 12 hours day-night cycle. Caprine anti-μ- and m-calpains antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; rabbit-anti-PRL antibodies by Dako, Denmark; rabbit-anti-ACTH antibody by Boster Company, Wuhan. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Pathophysiological Department and Animal Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from August 2006 to January 2007. ① Rats were randomly divided into groups with 7 in each group, including vehicle control group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES group, where animals were administered with DES (5 mg/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES + vehicle control group, in which DES was administered for 12 weeks at the same dose with those in DES group, and then was discontinued and replaced by sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for the following 4 weeks. ② At 16 weeks later, pituitary tissue was dealt with HE staining and PRL immunohistochemical examination to observe evoke of tumor; meanwhile, immunohistochemical examination was used to observe expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue. RESULTS: All 21 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of immunohistochemical examination: Morphological changes of neoplasia in DES group were strongly positive to PRL, and this suggested that formation of prolactin adenoma was observed in pituitary tissue. As compared with vehicle control group, expression of adrenoeorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was increased in both DES group and DES + vehicle control group. In addition, expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe were higher in DES group than that in vehicle control group. Otherwise, expressions of m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe was decreased in DES + vehicle control group, but expression of μ-calpains was still increased. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue: Gland tubes were orderly arranged in rats in vehicle control group. Anterior pituitary gland in rats of DES group demonstrated an apparent disappearance of gland tubes and a relatively large-scaled vasculature formation, namely the vascular lake lined by tightly arranged endothelial cells. Local integrated tumor cell arrangements were also detected. In addition, the border between the IL and the anterior lobe was locally blurred. The definite tumor-like changes in pituitary tissues were confirmed in 6 of 7 female Wistar rats in DES group, and one spontaneous occurrence of tumor formation was found in vehicle control group. In DES + vehicle control group, DES withdrawal led to the subtile emergence of gland tube cavity, although tumor-like cells still existed in 4 of 7 rats, suggesting occurrence of the tumor regression due to the withdrawal of DES. CONCLUSION: A long-term application of DES can enhance the expressions of ubiquitours neutral cysteine protease in pituitary intermediate lobe and this suggests that both of them play a key role in release of hormone and formation of prolactin neoplasia through directly promoting PRL expression and release of neighboring pituitary intermediate lobe.     

苯乙烯与甲苯对人体慢性危害的探讨

１９０１名长期接触苯乙烯与甲苯工人出现了多系统症状和体征。主要是中枢神经系统，以神经衰弱症候群最为常见，并有植物神经功能紊乱；对周围血像有一定影响；对肝脏影响不大；未发现有致癌作用。     

混苯接触工人血中SOD活性改变的观察

通过对接触不同浓度水平混苯的工人及对照组血中ＳＯＤ活性及ＷＢＣ测定分析，高浓度混苯接触可引起工人血中ＳＯＤ活性升高，而此时ＷＢＣ数尚无改变；且ＳＯＤ活性改变主要由苯所致，甲苯间的交互作用不明显。     

2‘—甲基甲苯氢啶对小鼠不同脑区单胺类神经递质含量的影响

为了评论１－甲基－１，２，３，６四氢吡啶的作用，提供新的帕金林病模型的工具药，通过高效液相色谱电化学检测法对２‘－甲基甲苯氢啶在小鼠不同脑区去甲肾上腺素，多巴胺，５－羟色胺，多巴酸和高香草酸的作用进行了研究测定。结果表明：２’－甲基甲苯氢啶对纹状体多巴胺能神经有选择性破坏作用。     

甲苯达唑药盐在大范围人群中防治钩虫病的效果

我们于1984—1987年对甲苯达唑药盐(简称甲盐)防治钩虫病进行了研究,为了进一步了解甲盐在大范围人群中防治钩虫病的效果,我们于1987—1991年在广西壮族自治区武鸣县20多万人的范围内进行了观察,现将结果报道如下。 材料与方法 1 甲苯达唑药粉系陕西省汉江制药厂生产,并与精制食盐拌匀,药物含量分为0.6％和0.3％两种。按照每人服用甲盐中含甲苯达唑的药量和时间     

对叔丁基苯甲酸的合成

以对叔丁基甲苯（ＰＴＢＴ）为原料,氧气为氧化剂,冰醋酸为溶剂,醋酸钴为催化剂,考察了合成对叔丁基苯甲苯甲酸（ＰＴＢＡ）的影响因素,确定了该氧化过程的最佳工艺条件：反应温度９０～９５℃,原料与溶剂配比１：４（ｍ：ｍ）,催化剂质量浓度ｗ＝０．１～０．２,ＰＴＢＴ的化率可达１００％,收率为８７％。     

甲苯咪唑微丸质量标准的研究

目的：建立对甲苯咪唑微丸进行定性鉴别和含量测定的方法。方法：采用薄层层析法进行定性鉴别,用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定。结果：含量测定方法平均回收率为１００．６％ , Ｒ Ｓ Ｄ＝ １．７２％ 。结论：所用方法简便可靠,可控制甲苯咪唑微丸的质量。     

O／W型甲苯咪口服乳剂的质量标准研究

目的 建立Ｏ／Ｗ型甲苯咪唑乳剂的含量测定方法和质量标准。方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定Ｏ／Ｗ型甲苯咪唑乳剂的含量。结果 标准曲线为：Ｃ（μｇ／ｍｌ）＝１９．９５Ａ＝０．３４３８,ｒ＝０．９９９。线性范围为３．０～１６．０μｇ／ｍｌ,平均回收率为（１００．０±０．１５）％,ＲＳＤ＝０．１５％,该方法的精密度和重现性分别为０．３６％和０．１７％（ＲＳＤ％）。结论 用紫外分光度法测定乳剂中的甲苯咪唑含量,