^1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy screening for animals with acute cerebral infraction suitable forthrombolytic therapy

BACKGROUND: As a non-invasive technique which can provide comprehensive biological information, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) may provide valuable reference data for irreversible recovery or reversible changes in ischemic tissue after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To monitor and evaluate the effect of the urokinase thrombolytic therapy after experimental acute cerebral ischemia by 1H-MRS technology and investigate its adaptability. DESIGN: Randomly controlled animal study. SETTINGS: Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University and National Key Laboratory of Pattern and Atom & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Physics and Mathematics Institute, Chinese Academy of Science. MATERIALS: Eleven healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 260–300 g and of both genders, were supplied by Experimental Animal Center of Tongji Medical Collage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [SCXK (e) 2004-007]. 4.7T superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance meter was provided by Brucker Company. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University and National Key Laboratory of Pattern and Atom & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Physics and Mathematics Institute, Chinese Academy of Science from August 2003 to December 2005. ① The rats were randomly divided into 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group (n =6) and 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group (n =5). Six rats in 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group were occluded with clot embolus for 30 minutes and 5 rats in 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group were occluded for 60 minutes. 10 000 U/kg urokinase was dissolved in 2 mL saline and the operation lasted for 5 minutes. ② 1H-MRS was performed before thrombolysis and at 3 hours and 24 hours after successful embolization. The metabolic changes of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA)/phosphocreatine (PCr) + creatine (Cr), choline phosphate (Cho)/PCr+Cr and lactic acid (Lac)/PCr+Cr in the region of interests were analyzed. ③ The T2W image was conducted 24 hours after the thrombolytic therapy with TR=500 ms and TE=25 ms. ④ The subjects were sacrificed immediately after 1H-MRS and the brain tissues were cut into pieces and stained with HE method; in addition, pathological changes were observed under optic microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Metabolic changes of NAA/PCr+Cr, Cho/PCr+Cr and Lac/PCr+Cr in the region of interests; ② T2W image at 24 hours after the thrombolysis; ③ pathological observation of brain tissue. RESULTS: Eleven rats were all involved in the final analysis. ① Metabolic changes in the region of interests : In 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group, the Lac peak emerged immediately after the embolism, but the ischemic zone decreased 3 hours after the thrombolytic therapy (0.252±0.01, 0.603±0.01, P < 0.01). Lac/(PCr+Cr) ratio was 0.290±0.01 at 24 hours after thrombolysis, which was higher than that at 3 hours after thrombolysis (P < 0.01). The NAA/ (PCr+Cr) ratio decreased significantly at 3 hours after the thrombolysis as compared with that before thrombolysis (0.922±0.16, 1.196±0.01, P < 0.05). In 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group, the Lac/(PCr+Cr) ratio was higher at 3 hours after thrombolysis than that before thrombolysis (0.846±0.12, 0.601±0.11, P < 0.05) and the NAA/(PCr+Cr) decreased at 3 hours after the embolism. Fluctuation of NAA/ (PCr+Cr) ranged from 0.68 to 0.75 before thrombolysis and from 0.71 to 0.75 at 3 hours after thrombolysis. ② T2W image: T2W image showed that 2 subjects in 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group whose Lac/NAA was higher than 0.7 suffered from intracranial hemorrhage. This meant that the subjects with Lac/NAA > 0.7 were more likely to suffer from intracranial hemorrhage. ③ Histological and morphological examinations: Optic microscope demonstrated that interspace surrounding nerve cells was widened at ischemic center; neurons were swelling; nucleus was stained lightly; pyknosis and mesenchymal edema were mainly observed in lateral cortex of brow and vertex and in lateral part of corpus striatum. CONCLUSION: ①Compound parameters in ischemic area before thrombolysis should be regarded as an important predicting marker for thrombolytic therapy, effect evaluation and termination. ② 1H-MRS combining with other imaging technique is a detecting way for screening cases who are suitable for thrombolytic therapy.     

蝮蛇抗栓酶与尿激酶治疗脑梗塞50例对比观察

1对象与方法 1．1一般资料甲组：男13例，女12例，年龄40-74岁，乙组：男16例，女9例，年龄40-65岁（甲组取1993年5月至1994年4月，乙组为1992年4月至1993年1月住院患者）。全组发病年龄50-65岁者40例，占80％，急性期（1～14天）甲组21例，乙组19例，稳定期（15-30天）甲组4例，乙组6例。     

中心静脉导管内注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸膜炎

目的探讨中心静脉导管内注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸膜炎的疗效。方法将收治的108例结核性包裹性胸膜炎患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组在胸膜腔内置入中心静脉导管并注入尿激酶,对照组每周2～3次胸穿抽液并注入尿激酶。化疗方案等其他治疗方法相同。结果治疗组胸液消失天数为8.58±2.84,对照组为12.42±4.17,P<0.05;治疗组抽放胸液总量(3495±1136)ml,对照组(2031±1135)ml,P<0.01;治疗组抽液次数为5.33±1.37,对照组为4.83±1.53,P>0.05。在肺功能方面肺活量、用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容积、肺总量。胸水吸收前差异无显著性(P>0.05),胸水吸收后差异有显著性(P<0.01),治疗组肺功能改善较对照组快。在凝血指标方面,全部病例胸液纤维蛋白原治疗后明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);而其它凝血指标无统计学差异。结论在正规抗结核治疗下配合中心静脉导管内注入尿激酶,治疗结核性包裹性胸膜炎能显著增加引流量,明显改善肺功能,而对凝血指标改变不明显。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其可溶性受体的检测与临床意义

目的 :研究多发性骨髓瘤 ( MM)患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物 ( u- PA )及其可溶性受体 ( su PAR )的水平变化 ,并探讨其临床意义。方法 :用 ELISA法检测 34例 MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PA R的浓度 ,同时观察其中6例 MM患者化疗前后血浆 u- PA及 su PAR的浓度变化。结果 :MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平均明显高于正常对照组 ,其中进展期 MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PAR水平明显高于正常对照组和稳定期 MM患者 ( P <0 .0 1) ,而稳定期 MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平与正常对照组无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5)。 6例 MM患者化疗后血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平 ,明显低于化疗前血浆 u- PA及 su PAR水平 ( P<0 .0 5)。骨髓涂片瘤细胞比例 >2 0 %的 MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平 ,明显高于瘤细胞比例≤ 2 0 % M M患者 ( P<0 .0 5;P<0 .0 1)。M M患者血浆 u- PA及su PA R水平均与骨髓瘤细胞百分比及血清球蛋白呈正相关 ,而与血清白蛋白呈负相关。结论 :血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平升高可能与多发性骨髓瘤的发生、发展有密切关系 ;其水平可作为临床分期、判断疗效、了解疾病进展情况及预后的一个重要指标。     

经导管局部溶栓治疗髂-股静脉血栓:58例回顾性分析

目的　探讨经导管局部溶栓治疗髂 股静脉血栓的效果及临床应用中的有关问题。资料与方法　对 5 8例髂 股静脉血栓形成患者 (病程 <4周 4 5例 ,>4周 13例 ) ,采取经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶 ,尿激酶先团注2 5 0 0 0 0U ,然后以 12 5 0 0 0～ 15 0 0 0 0U/h持续灌注。结果　全组溶栓治疗时间 4～ 5 6h ,平均 36h ,尿激酶用量75 0 0 0 0～ 72 5 0 0 0 0U ,平均 4 70 0 0 0 0U。阻塞段完全开通 (残存狭窄率 <30 % )者 30例 ,部分开通者 2 3例 ,无效 5例 ,有效率达 91.4 %。对残存狭窄率 >30 %的 2 3例 ,14例行经皮球囊血管成形术 (PTA)治疗 ,9例行PTA及内支架治疗。 6例溶栓前放置下腔静脉过滤器。本组无严重并发症及肺栓塞发生。结论　经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶是治疗髂 股静脉血栓的安全、有效方法。溶栓术后继续肝素全身抗凝治疗可增强溶栓疗效     

双侧脑室外引流加尿激酶灌洗术治疗高血压性脑室出血

脑室内出血发病率很高 ,约占自发性颅内出血的 2 0 %～60 %。该病发病急 ,病情危重 ,单纯内科保守治疗常难以奏效。我科自 1997年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 6月间采用双侧脑室外引流加尿激酶灌洗术治疗高血压性脑室出血 2 3例 ,疗效较满意 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　男 16例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 42～ 76岁 ,平均 57.8岁。临床表现有呕吐 16例 ;瞳孔不等大 10例 ,双侧瞳孔散大1例 ,双侧瞳孔缩小 5例 ;脑膜刺激征 11例 ;病理征阳性 13例。GCS评分 13～ 15分 1例 ,9～ 12分 10例 ,3～ 8分 12例。发病至手术的时间 <8h 15例 ,≥ 8h 8例。既往…     

自发性脑出血多管引流28例临床分析

本院自2003年7月至2005年5月，采用CT定位多管引流加尿激酶溶血治疗自发性脑出血28例，取得良好疗效。报告如下。     

喉癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂及其抑制剂的表达及意义

目的：研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活荆(urokinase-type plasminogen activator，uPA)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1，PAI-1)在喉癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用SABC法检测51例声门上型喉癌患者中的uPA与PAI-1的表达，结合临床随访，分析其与临床病理指标的关系及预后的作用。结果：uPA和PAI-1的染色阳性率分别为64．7％(33／51)和70．6％(36／51)。uPA和PAI-1的表达均与临床分期和颈淋巴结状况相关，与肿瘤大小、T分期和病理学分级无关。单因素分析显示，uPA和PAI-1的表达与颈淋巴结转移有相似预后作用；多因素分析显示，uPA和颈淋巴结转移是影响患者预后的独立因子。结论：uPA和PAI-1的表达与喉癌的临床分期和颈淋巴结转移有关，uPA阳性表达者可能预后较差。     

小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗老年高龄急性心肌梗死65例临床观察

目的尝试用小剂量尿激酶治疗老年高龄急性心肌梗死,旨在使老年高龄患者亦从溶栓治疗中获益.方法采用WHO关于急性心肌梗死(AMI)的诊断标准,收治老年高龄患者65例.随机分为两组,溶栓组31例,给予小剂量尿激酶(50×104U)30min 静脉滴入;并与非溶栓组34例对照观察.结果溶栓组冠脉再通率、五周病死率、休克、心衰分别为54.8%、6.4%、3.2%、9.7%;而对照组分别为14.7%、23.5%、26.5%:41.2%,有明显差异(P<0.01).结论有条件的基层医院依然有可能实施小剂量尿激酶对老年高龄患者的溶栓治疗,且可挽救更多老年高龄患者的生命.