参附汤加味治疗海洛因依赖戒断综合征31例

我们以往的研究表明,“肾阳虚损,瘀血阻滞”是慢性阿片类依赖戒断综合征的主要病机,运用温阳益气、活血化瘀法及其复方(参附汤加味)从动物实验与临床观察等不同角度为上述观点提供了大量证据。为进一步探讨该方药治疗慢性阿片类依赖戒断综合征的临床疗效,笔者应用参附汤加味治疗海洛因依赖戒断综合征31例,取得较为满意的疗效,现报道如下。1 临床资料本组31例均为海洛因依赖性自愿家庭戒毒患者且能遵医嘱用药者,全部符合DSM-Ⅲ-R阿片类药物依赖性诊断标准。其中男18例,女13例;年龄17～52岁,平均(34.5±5.6)岁;吸     

200例海洛因依赖者便秘的原因分析及护理

便秘常引起病人头痛、乏力、食欲不佳、腹胀、消化不良等症状,影响着患者的情绪和生活质量.而海洛因依赖者92.4%有便秘[1],戒毒期间多有严重的戒断反应和心理上的依赖[2].因此,便秘给依赖者带来的痛苦更是雪上加霜.为此,必须做好病人便秘护理.     

海洛因依赖者伴发意识障碍22例分析

目的:了解海洛因依赖者住院戒毒期间伴发意识障碍的原因、临床表现以采取相应的防范措施.方法:对二年来住院戒毒期间发生的22例意识障碍进行回顾性分析.结果:意识障碍发生率为1.11%,其中强戒12例(0.67%)、自戒10例(5.1%).意识障碍的发生与依赖严重度呈正相关,即滥用时间长、吸毒量大、静注及多次戒毒者易于发生.12例强戒者多与自然戒断和癫痫发作有关,10例自戒者中9例与联合用药过多,剂量偏大有关.结论:不论采取何种戒毒方式均应尽可能地减少自然戒断法和注意合理伍用催眠镇静药物.     

海洛因依赖者心电图改变及相关因素分析

目的:探讨海洛因依赖者的心电图(ECG)变化及其危险因素.方法:对122例海洛因依赖者的心电图进行分析,并调查患者的海洛因滥用情况、肝功能及心肌酶等资料.结果:36例(29.5%)患者有ECG异常,且ST-T改变最为常见.海洛因滥用时间、滥用量、多药滥用情况以及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和血清肌酸激酶(CK)等在ECG异常与正常组间有显著差异.Logistic回归分析,海洛因滥用时间、滥用量和CK 3个变量进入回归方程.结论:海洛因依赖者ECG异常较多见,患者滥用时间和滥用量、CK异常为危险因素.脱毒治疗时应注意躯体情况.     

自愿戒毒患者提前出院的影响因素分析

目的:分析影响海洛因依赖患者自愿戒毒住院时间的有关因素,并提出应对措施.方法:以自拟的问卷对未满规定疗程提前出院的自愿戒毒者在出院时分别由患者自行填写和医生做出评估.结果:患者自填排列前4位的因素是:戒毒成功,身体已无不适;难忍心理渴求;生活单调乏味缺乏自由;生意上事需亲自去操办.医生评估排列前4位的是:难忍心理渴求;戒毒成功,身体已无不适;同伙鼓动、引诱;生活单调乏味缺乏自由.结论:现行自愿戒毒体制存在较大弊端--患者自由度过大,缺乏相应的约束机制.尽快出台有关自愿戒毒的法律、法规,推广自愿戒毒、强制管理戒毒模式.     

主编语

我们肩负使命 ,满怀激情地跨入新的一年。在此 ,我们编辑部全体人员为你们—工作在禁毒、戒毒和科研一线的工作者带去新春的祝福 !并对长期关心支持我们的广大读者、作者和一贯对我们工作给予支持帮助的朋友们表示真诚的感谢 !在过去的一年中 ,《中国药物依赖性杂志》为广大读者送来几百位辛勤工作在药物依赖领域同仁们那些最具有影响力、科学性、独创性和较高参考价值的文章。相信 ,这些文章的发表对我国药物依赖领域研究的发展具有重要意义。这里值得提及的是 ,编辑部努力做到用心研究读者需求 ,真诚为社会服务 ,及时组织和调整选题 ,将社…     

加味参附汤对吗啡依赖戒断小鼠免疫功能的影响

吗啡依赖小鼠自然戒断后可见脾脏、胸腺萎缩，巨噬细胞Fc受体阳性百分率及吞噬功能、外周血T淋巴细胞总数、T淋巴细胞对PHA的殖反应、脾T淋巴细胞CD4^ 百分率及CD4^ /CD8^ 比值均明显下降；吗啡继续成瘾而未戒断的小鼠的以上指标进一步损伤；加味参附汤（MSFD）治疗小鼠以上指标均有不同程度的恢复；而丁丙诺啡治疗后免疫功能状态仍低于或相当于自然戒断时。提示MSFD能促进吗啡依赖戒断小鼠损伤的免疫功能的恢复，这一作用可能与其对神经内分泌系统的调节有关。     

The screening for active ingredient against morphine -induced Physical dependence in Salvia miltiorrhiza and its preliminary mechanism

The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been used widely in China to treat coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, neurasthenic insomnia and other diseases. It has many kinds of pharmacological effects with low toxicity. Therefore, the study on the function of Salvia miltiorrhiza has become one of the hottest fields in the world. As is shown in our early studies, Salvia miltiorrhiza can attenuate the withdrawal symptoms precipitated by naloxone in morphine-dependent mice.     

Anti -addiction effects of agmatine against heroin self-administration in rats

Rationale： Drug abuse is serious and costly health problems. Present understanding that drug addiction is a chronic brain disease paves the way for pharmacotherapy. Unfortunately, few medications have proven effective for the treatment of addiction and dependence. Searching novel strategies of pharmacotherapy against drug addiction are challenging. Agmatine （ decarboxylated L - arginine）, an endogenous imidazoline receptor ligand, with multiple pharmacological profiles including its NMDA antagonistic properties, attracts the attention for its potential therapeutic efficacy for drug addiction.     

Acetylcholine Transmission in Nucleus Accumbens and VTA on Heroin- Seeking Elicited by Contextual and Conditioned Cues

The involvement of cholinergic transmission in heroin self - administration and the reinstatement of heroin - seeking was examined in rats trained to nose - poke for intravenous heroin. Systemic treatment with physostigmine modestly reduced the acquisition and rate of heroin self-administration. Following 10 -14 days of self-administration, rats were left in the home environment for 14 days. Withdrawn animals were evaluated for context-induced nosepokes during the first hour after being returned to the self-administration apparatus. One hr later a conditioned stimulus （ house light, light in the nose-poke hole, sound of the infusion pump） was presented to initiate cue-induced reinstatement.