预测年轻乳腺癌患者生存率列线图的建立和验证

目的:构建预测年轻乳腺癌患者生存情况的列线图,以期帮助临床诊疗。方法:收集SEER数据库中5 525例年轻乳腺癌患者的临床信息,通过单因素Log-rank检验和多因素Cox生存分析筛选出独立预后因素,用于构建预测患者3、5年总生存率(overall survival,OS)和癌症特异性生存率（cancer special survival,CSS)的列线图,将我院就诊的147例年轻乳腺癌患者作为验证集进行外部验证。结果:单因素和多因素分析结果显示,种族、病理类型、组织学分级、T分期、N分期、M分期、ER状态、HER-2状态、手术方式是与患者OS和CSS相关的独立危险因素,将这些因素纳入并建立预测患者OS和CSS的列线图模型。内部和外部验证结果显示模型具有良好的预测性能。基于建立的OS和CSS列线图模型对患者进行了风险分层,能够准确地将年轻乳腺癌患者分成预后有显著差异的三个风险亚组。结论:本研究构建的预测模型能较为准确的预测年轻乳腺癌患者的预后情况,为临床的诊疗提供科学依据。     

Habitual Total Drinking Fluid Intake Did Not Affect Plasma Hydration Biomarkers among Young Male Athletes in Beijing,China: A Cross-Sectional Study

The purposes of this study were to explore the drinking patterns, and urinary and plasma hydration biomarkers of young adults with different levels of habitual total drinking fluid intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 111 young male athletes in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids and water from food were assessed by a 7-day, 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of the 24-h urine and fasting blood samples were tested. Differences in groups LD₁ (low drinker), LD₂, HD₁, and HD₂ (high drinker), divided according to the quartiles of total drinking fluids, were compared using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis H-tests, and chi-squared tests. A total of 109 subjects completed the study. The HD₂ group had greater amounts of TWI (total water intake) and higher and lower contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to TWI, respectively, than the LD₁, LD₂, and HD₁ groups (p < 0.05), but the amounts of water from food did not differ significantly among the four groups (all p > 0.05). Participants in the HD₂ group had higher amounts of water than participants in the LD₁, LD₂, and HD₁ groups (p < 0.05); SSBs were the second top contributor of total drinking fluids, ranging from 24.0% to 31.8%. The percentage of subjects in optimal hydration status increased from 11.8% in the LD₁ group to 58.8% in the HD₂ group (p < 0.05). The HD₂ and HD₁ groups had 212–227 higher volumes of urine than the LD₁ and LD₂ groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the plasma biomarkers (p > 0.05), with the exception of higher concentrations of K in the HD₁ group than in the LD₁ group (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher amounts of total drinking fluids had better hydration status than those with lower total drinking fluids, but not better drinking patterns. Habitual total drinking fluids did not affect the plasma biomarkers.     

User- and Message-Level Correlates of Endorsement and Engagement for HIV-Related Messages on Twitter: Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundYouth and young adults continue to experience high rates of HIV and are also frequent users of social media. Social media platforms such as Twitter can bolster efforts to promote HIV prevention for these individuals, and while HIV-related messages exist on Twitter, little is known about the impact or reach of these messages for this population.ObjectiveThis study aims to address this gap in the literature by identifying user and message characteristics that are associated with tweet endorsement (favorited) and engagement (retweeted) among youth and young men (aged 13-24 years).MethodsIn a secondary analysis of data from a study of HIV-related messages posted by young men on Twitter, we used model selection techniques to examine user and tweet-level factors associated with tweet endorsement and engagement.ResultsTweets from personal user accounts garnered greater endorsement and engagement than tweets from institutional users (aOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.75-3.89; P<.001). High follower count was associated with increased endorsement and engagement (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; P<.001); tweets that discussed STIs garnered lower endorsement and engagement (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-1.74; P<.001).ConclusionsFindings suggest practitioners should partner with youth to design and disseminate HIV prevention messages on social media, incorporate content that resonates with youth audiences, and work to challenge stigma and foster social norms conducive to open conversation about sex, sexuality, and health.     

青年血液透析患者生活质量及影响因素分析

目的：探讨青年血液透析患者生活质量及其影响因素。方法采用自行设计的一般情况调查表、简明健康状况调查表（SF‐36）、Herth希望量表（HHI）和社会支持评定量表（SSRS）等,对郑州市某综合医院血液净化中心的128例18～44岁青年维持性血液透析患者进行问卷调查。结果青年血液透析患者生理健康总均分为（202．49±53．94）分,心理健康总均分为（190．85±77．81）分,生活质量各维度中生理功能和躯体疼痛得分最高,得分最低的维度为生理职能和情感职能,且各维度分值均低于国内常模（ P＜0．01）。多元回归分析显示,生活质量与希望水平、社会支持和经济条件显著相关,共解释了62．8％的生活质量变异量。结论青年血液透析患者的生活质量有待提高,医护人员在制订干预措施的同时,要注重患者希望水平、社会支持的提高,同时呼吁政府帮助解决患者的经济问题,以更好地改善其生活质量、促进社会回归。     

CBCT追踪抗生素剂在年轻恒牙根尖诱导成形术中的临床应用研究

目的：探究锥形束CT（CBCT）用于追踪抗生素剂在年轻恒牙根尖诱导成形术的临床应用价值。方法：选择45例患儿,包括根尖孔尚未充分发育的患牙共52颗,均为各种原因导致的牙髓炎或根尖周炎,常规性根管清理消毒后,采用抗生素糊剂行根尖诱导成形术,每隔3个月复查一次,共随访1年,拍摄X线根尖片及CBCT片观察根尖情况,比较两种方法的诊断准确度。结果：本组52颗患牙,CBCT片观察根尖发育成功48例,成功率为92.31%（48/52）,X线根尖片观察根尖发育成功39例,成功率为75.00%（39/52）,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：CBCT用于追踪抗生素剂在年轻恒牙根尖诱导成形术具有较高的成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of junior cyclists of different specialties and performance levels

This study analyzes the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of junior cyclists within different cycling specialties and different performance levels. One hundred and thirty‐two junior riders (16.8 ± 0.6 years, 177 ± 6 cm, 66.3 ± 6.7 kg) were tested for anthropometric, aerobic and anaerobic parameters. Cyclists were classified within specialties [uphill (UH) flat terrain (FT) all terrain (AT) and sprint (SP)] and performance levels, based on a seasonal ranking [low level (LL) medium level (ML) and high level (HL)]. The results of the two‐way analysis of variance showed that FT and SP have greater body dimensions than UH and AT (P<0.001). Concerning the relative aerobic parameters, AT and UH have higher values (P<0.001) than FT and SP [maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max): 69.4 ± 3.6, 67.5 ± 5.0, 62.8 ± 4.5 and 61.9 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min, respectively] while absolute parameters resulted higher for FT and AT (P≤0.008). The relative power produced in the 5 s test was higher (P<0.001) for AT and SP than FT and UH (16.7 ± 1.1, 16.6 ± 0.6, 14.9 ± 1.7 and 14.4 ± 1.7 W/kg, respectively). Concerning the performance level, only the age and the aerobic parameters resulted differently within levels (VO_2max: HL=67.3 ± 4.9, ML=65.5 ± 5.1 and LL=63.3 ± 5.2 mL/kg/min), with the highest values for HL (P≤0.007). In conclusion, juniors are specialized in the same way as professional cyclists and the aerobic characteristics are confirmed as significant in the performance level assessment.     

The Association of Measures of the Micro- and Macro-Vasculature with Selenium and GPx Activity in a Young Bi-Ethnic Population: The African-PREDICT Study

Abstract

Objective: Selenium plays an important physiological role as component for antioxidant selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Since oxidative stress contributes to hypertension development, it is likely that selenium deficiency may contribute to the burden of cardiovascular disease. To better understand the involvement of selenium and GPx in the early development of cardiovascular disease, we investigated in young, healthy black and white African men and women whether measures of the micro- and macrovasculature are related to selenium and GPx activity.

Methods: In young adults (N?=?394; aged 20–30?years) we determined serum selenium, GPx activity, microvascular measures (central retinal artery equivalent, central retinal vein equivalent, arteriolar-to-venular ratio [AVR], and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]), and macrovascular measures (pulse wave velocity, 24-hour pulse pressure [PP] and augmentation index [Aix]).

Results: In multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, there were vasculoprotective associations between serum selenium and a microvascular measure (AVR [β?=?0.23; p?=?0.036]) in black African women and with a macrovascular measure (24-hour PP [β = ?0.15; p?=?0.048]) in white African women. In turn, GPx activity also showed a protective association with a microvascular measure (eGFR) in white African men (β?=?0.23; p?=?0.035), as well as with macrovascular measures (AIx, PP) in the black (β = ?0.25; p?=?0.027) and white African men (β = ?0.22; p?=?0.035), and black African women (β = ?0.32; p?=?0.001).

Conclusions: Collectively the findings suggest a protective role for the micronutrient selenium and GPx on both the micro- and macrovasculature in a young, healthy bi-ethnic population.