Heat‐related changes in skin tissue dielectric constant (TDC)

The impact of 20 min of whole‐body heating (WBH) on the tissue dielectric constant (TDC) of forearm and hand skin was evaluated in 24 young adults. TDC was measured in triplicate at 300 MHz using an open‐ended transmission line method in which the effective measurement depth was about 2 mm. TDC measurements are an effective way to assess and track localized oedema and lymphoedema. The underlying hypothesis was that heat‐induced eccrine gland activation would increase TDC values via an increase in fluid within the TDC measurement volume. The goal was to test this concept and to determine the magnitude of the change when environmental temperatures were elevated to near 42°C and to estimate TDC recovery time. The practical aspect of this research is motivated by the fact that patients in whom such measurements are made may arrive at the clinic in various states of sweat gland activation. Thus, knowledge of the effect of such activation on measured TDC values permits better understanding of possible relationships between such activation and TDC values. Results showed that increasing environmental temperature from 23·3 ± 1·6 to 41·5 ± 1·3°C increased forearm and thenar eminence skin temperatures to 37·8 ± 0·5 and 37·9 ± 0·4°C, respectively. These changes were associated with increases in TDC at arm from 30·7 ± 4·6 to 36·3 ± 5·7 (18·2%) and at hand from 34·7 ± 4·9 to 45·1 ± 5·5 (30%). Based on calculated TDC recovery rates, it is concluded that temperature‐related TDC variability can be minimized using a wait time of at least 15 min after bandage removal prior to TDC measurements in affected limbs.     

不同诊断技术用于肺外结核病辅助诊断的临床价值比较

目的比较结核菌素试验(TST)和结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)用于肺外结核病(EPTB)辅助诊断的临床价值。方法回顾性分析南通市如东县中医院2017年1月至2019年5月收治的行TST和T-SPOT.TB检测的EPTB患者(64例,EPTB组)和非结核性疾病患者(106例,对照组)的临床资料,比较两种检测技术诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并行ROC曲线分析两种方法的诊断效能。结果T-SPOT.TB辅助诊断EPTB的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显优于TST(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,TST和T-SPOT.TB辅助诊断EPTB曲线下面积分别为0.633(95%CI:0.501~0.749)、0.892(95%CI:0.812~0.974)。结论T-SPOT.TB用于EPTB辅助诊断的灵敏度与特异度高,诊断效能佳,临床应用价值优于TST。     

Engineered skin graft with stromal vascular fraction cells encapsulated in fibrin–collagen hydrogel: A clinical study for diabetic wound healing

Despite the abundance of skin substitutes in the worldwide market, major hurdles in developing more complex tissues include the addition of skin appendages and vascular networks as the most important structure. The aim of this research was a clinical feasibility study of a novel prevascularized skin grafts containing the dermal and epidermal layer using the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF)‐derived endothelial cell population for vascular network regeneration. Herein, we characterized hydrogel with emphasis on biological compatibility and cell proliferation, migration, and vitality. The therapeutic potential of the prevascularized hydrogel transplanted on five human subjects as an intervention group with diabetic wounds was compared with nonvascularized skin grafts as the control on five patients. Wound planimetric and biometric analysis was performed using a Mann–Whitney nonparametric t‐test (p ≤ .05). The fibrin–collagen hydrogel was suitable for skin organotypic cell culture. There was a significant (p ≤ .05) increased in skin thickness and density in the vascular beds of the hypodermis measured with skin scanner compared with that in the control group. No significant macroscopic differences were observed between the intervention and control groups (p ≤ .05). In summary, we report for the first time the use of autologous dermal–epidermal skin grafts with intrinsic vascular plexus in a clinical feasibility study. The preliminary data showed that SVF‐based full‐thickness skin grafts are safe and accelerate the wound healing process. The next stage of the study is a full‐scale randomized clinical trial for the treatment of patients with chronic wounds.     

Platelet‐derived transforming growth factor‐β1 promotes keratinocyte proliferation in cutaneous wound healing

Platelets are a recognised potent source of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1), a cytokine known to promote wound healing and regeneration by stimulating dermal fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. Platelet lysate has been advocated as a novel personalised therapeutic to treat persistent wounds, although the precise platelet‐derived growth factors responsible for these beneficial effects have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific role of platelet‐derived TGFβ1 in cutaneous wound healing. Using a transgenic mouse with a targeted deletion of TGFβ1 in megakaryocytes and platelets (TGFβ1^fl/fl.PF4‐Cre), we show for the first time that platelet‐derived TGFβ1 contributes to epidermal and dermal thickening and cellular turnover after excisional skin wounding. In vitro studies demonstrate that human dermal fibroblasts stimulated with platelet lysate containing high levels of platelet‐derived TGFβ1 did not exhibit enhanced collagen deposition or proliferation, suggesting that platelet‐derived TGFβ1 is not a key promoter of these wound healing processes. Interestingly, human keratinocytes displayed enhanced TGFβ1‐driven proliferation in response to platelet lysate, reminiscent of our in vivo findings. In summary, our novel findings define and emphasise an important role of platelet‐derived TGFβ1 in epidermal remodelling and regeneration processes during cutaneous wound healing.     

T细胞酶联免疫斑点试验和结核菌素皮肤试验在儿童结核性疾病中诊断价值的Meta分析

目的系统评价T细胞酶联免疫斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)、结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)在儿童结核性疾病中的诊断价值。方法在中国知网、万方、Medline、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase数据库检索已发表的关于不同结核菌感染检测方法应用于儿童结核性疾病诊断的相关文献,截止日期为2018年10月31日。筛选出不同结核菌感染检测方法在结核性疾病患儿中的阳性率,对纳入的文献进行质量评价和资料提取。使用Meta-Disc 1.4、RevMan 5.3和Stata 15.1进行Meta分析。使用Meta-disc1.4软件进行敏感度和特异度分析,并绘制综合受试者工作特征曲线(SROC),采用RevMan 5.3内置的QUADAS-2评价工具对纳入文献质量进行评价;采用Stata15.1进行发表偏倚的检验,并绘制Deeks漏斗图。结果共纳入15篇研究文献。结果显示,T-SPOT.TB的汇总敏感度为89%[95%可信区间(CI):87%~91%],汇总特异度为95%(95%CI:93%~96%);TST检验的汇总敏感度为66%(95%CI:63%~70%),汇总特异度为70%(95%CI:66%~73%)。结论T-SPOT.TB较TST敏感度和特异度更高,在儿童结核性疾病中具有较高的诊断价值。     

异种脱细胞真皮移植联合自体刃厚皮片移植修复手部深度烧伤创面

目的探讨异种脱细胞真皮(s-ADM)移植联合自体刃厚皮片(auto-OTS)移植修复手部深度烧伤创面的效果。方法选取2017年2月~2019年8月我院手部深度烧伤患者72例,依据随机数字表法分组,各36例。常规治疗基础上,对照组采用auto-OTS移植治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采用s-ADM移植治疗。比较两组创面细菌量、皮片存活率、创面愈合时间、手部功能优良率、温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)评分、术后并发症发生率。结果研究组皮片存活率94.44%高于对照组77.78%,创面细菌量少于对照组,创面愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组手部功能优良率91.67%高于对照组72.22%,VSS评分低于对照组,术后并发症发生率5.56%低于对照组25.00%(P<0.05)。结论 s-ADM移植联合auto-OTS移植修复手部深度烧伤创面,可减少创面细菌量,提高皮片存活率,促进创面愈合,提高手部功能优良率,减轻瘢痕增生,且安全性高。     

烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形行植皮术后的护理体会

目的探讨烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形行植皮术后的护理体会。方法选取我院收治的71例烧伤患者为研究对象,所有患者行整形植皮术,并从术后创面护理、体位、植皮区、术后功能锻炼等方面护理。观察患者术后皮片成活及融合情况,并统计患者术后皮肤恢复及并发症发生情况。结果皮片成活率(94.27±3.48)%,皮片融合时间为(10.27±2.02)d;患者皮肤恢复评分总分为(3.68±0.79)分;护理后总并发症发生率为5.64%。结论烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形行植皮术后患者为预防粘连,巩固整形手术效果,防止瘢痕挛缩复发,需加强术后功能锻炼。