Functions of the placenta

The placenta is an ephemeral materno-fetal organ with chorionic (fetal) villi bathed in maternal blood spaces, which allows restricted transfer of metabolites and drugs across specialized transfer areas. The placenta develops respiratory, nutritive and excretory functions while the fetal organs mature, and is also an important endocrine organ.     

兔耳病理性瘢痕皮回植术后组织中基质金属蛋白酶－1及金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂－1表达的变化

目的通过建立兔耳模型观察基质金属蛋白酶－1（matrixmetalloproteinase－1,MMP－1）及金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂－1（tissueinh｜bitorofmetalloproteinase1,TIMP1）在病理性瘢痕皮回植术后组织中表达的变化,探讨瘢痕皮回植治疗病理性瘢痕的机制。方法建立兔耳病理性瘢痕模型。共分为3组：正常皮肤组（对照组,A组）、病理性瘢痕组（B组）及瘢痕皮回植组（c组）。切取标本行HE染色和Masson特殊组织化学染色及免疫组织化学染色,观察各组标本MMP－1、TIMP－1的表达情况。结果病理性瘢痕经瘢痕皮回植术后,MMP－1及TIMP－l均较A组明显升高（P〈O．01）．MMP一1的表达较TIMP一1明显增强（P〈O．01）。结论瘢痕皮回植术治疗瘢痕的机制与瘢痕组织内MMP一1和TIMP一1相互作用的失衡有关。     

HSP27 as a biomarker for predicting skin irritation in human skin and reconstructed organotypic skin model

In vitro alternative tests aiming at replacing the traditional animal test for predicting the irritant potential of chemicals have been developed, but the assessing parameters or endpoints are still not sufficient. To discover novel endpoints for skin irritation responses, 2DE-based proteomics was used to analyze the protein expression in human skin exposed to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) following the test protocol of the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) in the present study. HSP27 was up-regulated most significantly among the eight identified proteins, consistent with our previous reports. Acid and basic chemicals were applied on human skin for further validation and results showed that the up-regulated expression of HSP27 was induced in 24 h after the exposure. Skin-equivalent constructed with fibroblasts, basement membrane and keratinocytes was used to investigate the potential of HSP27 as a biomarker or additional endpoint for the hazard assessment of skin irritation. Our skin-equivalent (Reconstructed Organotypic Skin Model, ROSM) had excellent epidermal differentiation and was suitable for the skin irritation test. HSP27 also displayed an up-regulated expression in the ROSM in 24 h after the irritants exposure for 15 min. All these results suggest that HSP27 may represent a potential marker or additional endpoint for the hazard assessment of skin irritation caused by chemical products.     

Epidemiology,Pathology and Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Taif Region of Saudi Arabia

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an annoying and disfiguring disease affecting around 1,500,000 individuals globally. There are endemic pockets of this disease in Taif region. In some patients, lesion often weeps and leads to scar formation. The study was conducted to see the efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole in the patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the effect of these drugs on liver enzymes and kidney markers.

Methods

Positivity of Leishmania was recorded by microscopic examinations of smears. Specific diagnosis for Leishmania major and L. tropica was made with the help of nested polymerase chain reaction. Fluconazole was given at the rate of 200mg/day while itraconazole was given at 150mg/day for six weeks. AST, ALT, creatinine and urea were estimated during medication.

Results

Leishmania major and L. tropica were the species responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Taif region. 81% patients had single lesions, mostly on face followed by hands and legs. 15% of the lesions had bacterial contamination. In terms of efficacy, fluconazole gave slightly better results compared to itraconazole. After 6 weeks of medications, slightly elevated values were recorded for liver enzymes and creatinine.

Conclusion

Transmission of leishmaniasis in Taif region is probably because of poor coverage of residual insecticides spraying at hiding places in pile-ups of rocks and abandoned houses from where sand flies visit nearby houses and cattle sheds during night. Fluconazole and itraconazole may be used for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with good recovery rate and fewer side effects.     

癌基因 c-fos、c-m yc 蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌皮损中的表达及意义

目的：研究关于c-fos、c-myc两个癌基因在皮肤鳞癌发生和发展过程中的表达情况。方法选择79例皮肤鳞癌病例,应用免疫组织化学的方法检测c-fos、c-myc的表达情况,并比较与正常皮肤组织的表达情况进。结果在正常皮肤组织中c-fos、c-myc两个癌基因不表达,而在皮肤鳞癌中两者分别有70＃．9％和78．5％阳性表达,癌组织的分化程度与两者表达水平密切相关（ P ＜0．05）,分化程度越高的肿瘤c-fos表达水平越高,而在分化程度越高的肿瘤中c-myc表达水平越低。结论可用c-fos、c-myc的表达水平判定皮肤鳞癌及分化程度及指导临床预后。     

胫骨前肌瓣联合邮票植皮和负压引流术在修复胫骨外露伴软组织缺损创面中的应用

目的探讨胫骨前肌瓣联合邮票植皮和负压引流术在修复胫骨外露伴软组织缺损创面中的应用疗效。方法19例胫骨骨折伴有软组织缺损合并骨外露患者,予行胫骨前肌瓣转移修复,封闭式负压引流,创面二期行自体刃厚邮票植皮、负压引流术。结果术后18例肌瓣及创面肉芽生长良好,经刃厚邮票植皮后愈合。1例肌瓣远端出现坏死,经清创换药后,创面二期愈合。所有患者愈合时间10～28d,平均19．5d,随访1～24个月（平均12．5个月）,皮片色泽、质地、弹性良好,骨折均愈合。结论胫骨前肌瓣联合自体刃厚邮票植皮和负压引流术,适用于胫骨骨折伴胫骨外露伴软组织缺损创面的修复。     

IL-17在重症肺炎患者外周血的表达及意义

目的探讨白介素-17（IL-17）在重症肺炎患者外周血中的表达及其意义。方法选取我院2013年6月至2014年6月收治的重症肺炎患者56例,根据其APACHEⅡ评分分组,APACHE Ⅱ评分〈20分为A组,APACHE Ⅱ评分〉20分为B组。30名健康人作为对照组。采用ELISA检测各组患者外周血IL-17含量,最后运用相关对照分析来比较各组间的差异。结果与健康对照人群比较重症肺炎患者外周血中的IL-17明显升高（P〈0．05）。与APACHEU评分较低的重症肺炎患者比较,APACHEⅡ评分较高的重症肺炎患者外周血中的IL—17升高更明显（P〈0．05）。结论重症肺炎患者Th17细胞分泌的IL-17较健康人群增加,而且增加的程度与疾病严重程度有关,提示IL-17在重症肺炎的发病及进展中扮演重要的角色。     

糖尿病合并皮肤及软组织感染的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:对糖尿病合并皮肤及软组织感染的相关情况进行分析,以了解病原菌的分布及耐药性。方法:对我院确诊糖尿病患者合并皮肤及软组织感染部位分泌物分离出的364株病原菌分布及耐药性进行分析。结果:364株病原菌革兰阳性球菌检出率42.86%,其中主要2种致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌,对青霉素类的耐药率较高;分离出的革兰阴性杆菌检出率47.25%,其中2种主要致病菌为铜绿假单胞菌和克雷伯菌属,对于氨苄西林的耐药率最高,分别为95.5%和87.5%。结论:糖尿病患者合并皮肤及软组织感染率较高,且病原菌耐药性高,应根据药敏结果合理用药。