低温海水浸泡对失血性休克大鼠血流动力学的影响及机制研究

目的 研究海水浸泡对失血性休克大鼠血流动力学的影响,并探讨其改变机制。方法 采用雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,分为３组;正常对照组（ｎ＝８）,平原休克组（ｎ＝８）,海水浸泡失血性休克组（ｎ＝８）。测定血流动力学指标,血浆磷脂酶Ａ２（ＰＬＡ２）活性,心肌和心肌线粒体钙含量,心肌线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋、ｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活笥变化,血浆和心肌ＭＤＡ的变化。结果 海水浸泡失血性休克动物血流动力学明显低于平原失血性休     

海水浸泡开放性骨折不同救治方法的实验研究

目的观察两种骨折固定方法救治海水浸泡开放性骨折的大体形态、组织病理学、影像学变化。方法取成年新西兰兔50只，随机分为三组：对照组10只、A组20只、B组20只。于胫骨中段截骨制成开放性骨折动物模型。对照组伤口自然旷置3h，A组和B组海水浸泡伤口3h。随后对照组和A组行伤口清创、钢板螺钉内固定术；B组行伤口清创、外固定架固定、伤口开放换药、二期缝合。观察各组的伤口感染情况、骨折愈合的组织学、影像学变化和测定骨折断端骨痂的平均比灰度值。结果a）对照组感染1只（10％），A组感染15只（75％），B组感染5只（25％）。各组间结果有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。b）术岳45d时各组间骨折断端组织愈合等级有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。c）术后45d时各组间骨折部位骨痂的生长情况在影像学上表现为对照组大于B组大于A组。各组间骨愈合率对照组为100％，A组为66．7％，B组为93．3％。d）术后45d时骨折断端间骨痂的平均比灰度值对照组为8．1149±1．2043，A组为6．2268±1．4000，B组为6．5138±1．3045，各组间有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论海水浸泡使开放性骨折伤口感染率增高；海水浸泡使开放性骨折断端骨痂形成不良率增高；骨外固定架与钢板内固定比较救治成功率提高。     

Durability of Fibre Reinforced Polymers in Exposure to Dual Environment of Seawater Sea Sand Concrete and Seawater

The consequence of exposure to the dual environment of seawater sea sand concrete (SWSSC) on the inner surface and seawater (SW) on the outer surface on the durability of fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) confining tubes has received very limited research attention. The durability of FRPs fabricated with different fibre types was investigated for the application of SWSSC filled tubes and SWSSC-filled double-skin tubes exposed to the external environment of SW. The colour and shininess of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) surfaces generally stayed unchanged even after 6 months of exposure to the dual environment, whereas basalt-fibre-reinforced polymer (BFRP) and glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubes suffered degradation. The degradation led to a ~20–30% increase in pH; however, the pH increase in the external SW was more pronounced when the internal solution was SWSSC. The extent of degradation was greater in BFRP that in GFRP. The investigation also included a specialised investigation of the degradation at the fibre–matrix interface by fracturing specimens in liquid nitrogen.     

海藻酸盐敷料联合负压封闭引流对海水浸泡创面的抗炎效果分析

目的 探究海藻酸盐敷料联合负压封闭引流对大鼠海水浸泡创面的抗炎效果。方法 取10只健康雌性SD大鼠制备海水浸泡创面模型,随机分为两组（每组5只）,实验组大鼠创面使用海藻酸盐敷料覆盖联合负压封闭引流装置,对照组使用常规急救敷料覆盖。造模后第5天取大鼠血液样本进行血常规检查。造模后第7天取大鼠创面组织,提取总RNA,采用qPCR分析TNF-α与IL-6 mRNA表达。造模后第7天取创面组织进行H-E和免疫组织化学染色,观察创面的组织学变化及创面组织中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达情况。结果 血常规检查结果显示,实验组大鼠白细胞计数低于对照组（P＜0.05）。qPCR检测结果显示,实验组大鼠创面组织中IL-6与TNF-α mRNA表达均低于对照组（P均＜0.01）。H-E染色结果显示,实验组大鼠创面组织中胶原纤维排列整齐,新生血管垂直于创面生长,创面可见明显上皮化;对照组上皮化不充分,肉芽组织内可见较多炎症细胞浸润。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,实验组创面组织中VEGF的平均光密度值高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 对于海水浸泡创面,海藻酸盐敷料联合负压封闭引流有利于减轻炎症反应,促进成纤维细胞增殖及微血管生成,从而促进伤口的良性愈合。     

胸部开放伤海水浸泡致ALI犬体内SP-A、B的变化

目的探讨胸部开放伤后海水浸泡致急性肺损伤(ALI)肺表面活性蛋白A和B(SP-A、SP-B)的表达变化及机制。方法16只健康犬锐器致开放性气胸后随机均分为实验组(S组)和对照组(C组),每组8只。S组胸腔内灌注海水(35mg/kg)制备ALI动物模型,C组不注入海水。所有犬持续观察6h。采用ELISA法检测灌注前(0h)及灌注后2、4、6h的TNF-α、IL-8,肺组织及血清中SP-A、SP-B含量的变化。于灌注后6h测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中SP-A、SP-B的含量。实验结束后处死动物,留取肺组织块匀浆测定SP-A、SP-B含量,并行肺病理组织学检查,采用免疫组化染色观察SP-B在肺内的表达情况。结果S组海水灌注后4、6h时BALF及血清中IL-8、TNF-α均显著高于C组(P<0.05)。S组BALF及肺组织匀浆中SP-A、SP-B含量明显减低,血清中SP-A(灌注后4、6h)、SP-B(灌注后6h)含量增加(P<0.05),但C组SP-A、SP-B的改变不明显。S组肺内SP-B阳性的Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞数量较C组明显减少,SP-B蛋白表达明显减弱(P<0.05)。结论胸部开放伤后海水浸泡致ALI时肺...     

人促红细胞生成素对腹部开放伤大鼠经人工海水浸泡后所致急性肾损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨人促红细胞生成素(EPO)对腹部开放伤加人工海水浸泡所致急性肾损伤大鼠的保护作用。方法:健康、雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成EPO预处理组、观察组、小剂量EPO救治组、大剂量EPO救治组,每组15只动物。腹部开放伤加人工海水(22℃)浸泡,制备急性肾损伤动物模型,检测各组实验动物血肌酐、尿素氮、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、TNF-α、IL-6、补体C3a、C反应蛋白、肾组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,并观察肾脏病理学变化。结果:各组大鼠在腹部开放伤加海水浸泡3 h后均发生了急性肾损伤改变,血清肌酐、尿素氮升高,但仍可存活;EPO预处理组与观察组及小/大剂量EPO救治组比较,大鼠血肌酐、尿素氮、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶显著降低,TNF-α、IL-6、C3a、C反应蛋白等炎性因子水平明显降低,肾组织匀浆SOD明显升高,肾脏近曲小管坏死程度计分明显下降。而大、小剂量救治组间各项指标比较则无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论: EPO预处理对腹部开放伤加海水浸泡所致急性肾损伤大鼠有保护作用。     

Anthropogenic osmium in rain and snow reveals global-scale atmospheric contamination

Osmium is one of the rarer elements in seawater, with typical concentration of ≈10 × 10⁻¹⁵ g g⁻¹ (5.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ mol kg⁻¹). The osmium isotope composition (¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio) of deep oceans is 1.05, reflecting a balance between inputs from continental crust (≈1.3) and mantle/cosmic dust (≈0.13). Here, we show that the ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios measured in rain and snow collected around the world range from 0.16 to 0.48, much lower than expected (>1), but similar to the isotope composition of ores (≈0.2) that are processed to extract platinum and other metals to be used primarily in automobile catalytic converters. Present-day surface seawater has a lower ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio (≈0.95) than deep waters, suggesting that human activities have altered the isotope composition of the world''s oceans and impacted the global geochemical cycle of osmium. The contamination of the surface ocean is particularly remarkable given that osmium has few industrial uses. The pollution may increase with growing demand for platinum-based catalysts.     

Effect of Seawater Environment on the Structure and Performance of Basalt Continuous Fiber

Basalt continuous fibers (BFs) have been widely applied in the construction industry including marine applications, however, the corrosion mechanism of BFs in a seawater environment is still not well understood. In this work, we explored the effect of the seawater environment on the weight loss, tensile strength, surface morphology, and microstructure structure of BFs via soaking the BFs in seawater solutions at different temperatures and durations. Results show that the weight loss ratio of BFs decreases at the first stage (around 18 h) of soaking at 80 °C, 85 °C, and 90 °C and then increases for longer soaking durations, while the tensile strength has the opposite change. This enhancement of tensile strength and chemical resistance (at the first stage of seawater soaking) is dominated by the ion-exchange induced ‘blunting’ mechanism, even though the results from a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the damaging of the Si–O–Si tetrahedral structure during the corrosion process. This work revealed the full corrosion process and corresponding mechanism of BFs in a seawater environment.     

等量海水与淡水淹溺对兔肺损伤作用的比较

目的:比较等量海水与淡水灌注对兔肺损伤程度的影响。 方法:健康成年新西兰兔24只,随机分为3组(n=8) :对照组、海水灌注组(经气管插管灌注配方海水2 ml/kg,约5 min灌注完) 、淡水灌注组(同海水灌注组方法灌注淡水2 ml/kg)。连续180 min观察各组灌注前后呼吸频率、体循环参数、动脉血气和血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α) 、IL-6的变化。实验终点处死动物,观察肺泡灌洗液细胞计数和分类、肺组织湿/干质量比、肺微血管通透指数、肺病理组织学等。 结果:灌注后动物呼吸明显增快（P<0.01）,体循环平均压下降（P<0.01）,导致低氧血症及低碳酸血症,血清TNF-α、IL-6等炎症因子水平增高（P<0.01）,肺组织病理损伤重,且海水组较淡水组变化显著且持久;海水组肺组织湿/干质量较其他两组增大、肺微血管通透指数较其他两组增高（P<0.05）,支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞数量较对照组增多（P<0.01）,肺损伤程度明显重于淡水灌注组。结论:等剂量海水与淡水灌注比较,海水致兔的肺损伤程度重,病情发展快,病变更持久。     

生理性海水鼻腔护理器联合标准桃金娘油胶囊治疗干燥性鼻炎122例临床观察

目的探讨生理性海水鼻腔护理器（宝恩）联合标准桃金娘油胶囊（吉诺通）治疗干燥性鼻炎的疗效.方法将122例患者随机分成两组,治疗组给予生理性海水鼻腔护理器喷鼻（3次/d）;对照组给予善帮鼻腔冲洗器洗鼻（3次/d）;两组均口服标准桃金娘油胶囊,300mgtid,共服14d.观察两组治疗前后症状、体征及有效率.结果根据两组的主要症状、体征及疗效,治疗组优于对照组（P〈0.05）.结论生理性海水鼻腔护理器联合标准桃金娘油胶囊治疗干燥性鼻炎,可以缩短病程,改善鼻腔功能,疗效确切,且使用安全、舒适、方便,可以作为治疗干燥性鼻炎的理想药物.