海水浸泡腹部开放性损伤对大鼠体液代谢的影响

目的：了解腹部开放性损伤的大鼠经海水浸泡不同时间后机体体液代谢的变化。方法：观察雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠腹部开放性损伤条件下,经海水浸泡不同时间后大鼠血浆的水、电解质、晶体渗透浓度、红细胞体积分数及血红蛋白含量等的变化,并设单纯腹部开放性损伤组及生理盐水浸泡组作为对照。结果：与单纯腹部开放性损伤组及生理盐水浸泡组相比,高渗海水进入腹腔后１ｈ,大鼠血浆Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋,Ｃｌ＾－浓度即显著升高,ＨＣＯ３＾     

海水浸泡对腹部开放伤大鼠TGF-β1、VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察海水浸泡对腹部开放伤大鼠转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白及mRNA表达的影响.方法 成年健康Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为2组,其中腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡组40只,腹部开放伤对照组20只.腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡后0.5、1、2、3、4h应用免疫组织化学、核酸原位杂交和图像分析技术检测大鼠肺和肾组织TGF-β1和VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达水平的变化.结果 对照组在致伤后1h开始出现TGF-β1蛋白阳性表达,2、3和4h表达逐渐增强.海水浸泡组0.5h开始出现阳性表达,此后表达逐渐增强,4h时阳性表达量最高.TGF-β1 mRNA表达滞后于蛋白表达.两组均于致伤后2h开始出现VEGF蛋白阳性表达,3、4h表达逐渐增强.VEGF mRNA与蛋白表达同步且一致.结论 TGF-β1和VEGF蛋白及mRNA的高表达与损伤关系密切,可作为海水浸泡伤预后判断的指标.     

Experimental Study on Triaxial Compressive Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Coral Seawater Concrete

In order to study the mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber all-coral seawater concrete in triaxial compression, 36 specimens were developed and constructed for triaxial compression load testing employing confining pressure value (0, 6, 12, 18 MPa) and polypropylene fiber admixture (1 kg·m⁻³, 2 kg·m⁻³, 3 kg·m⁻³) as variation parameters. The test observed the failure mode of the specimen and obtained the stress–strain curve of the whole process of its force damage failure. An in-depth analysis of polypropylene fiber all-coral seawater concrete’s peak stress, peak strain, initial elastic modulus, axial deflection, energy dissipation, ductility, and damage evolution process was carried out based on the experimental data. The test findings indicated that the best effect on the deformation properties of polypropylene fiber all-coral seawater concrete is obtained when 3 kg·m⁻³ of polypropylene fiber is blended. Under triaxial compression, the correct number of polypropylene fibers may significantly enhance the peak stress, peak strain, ductility, and elastic modulus of polypropylene fiber all-coral seawater concrete, therefore enhancing the brittle characteristics of coral concrete. During the triaxial surround pressure test, the confining pressure value and polypropylene fiber coupling effect delayed the appearance of initial damage in polypropylene fiber complete coral seawater concrete specimens, slowed the development of damage, and reduced the degree of damage to the specimens.     

Microbiological quality of coastal waters and its health effects

A brief outline is given of marine microbiology, relating to both natural microorganisms and those resulting from pollution. Microbial indicators of pollution and their methods of detection are discussed and recent epidemiological surveys of health effects associated with seawater recreational activities are reviewed. Reference is made to microbiological standards for bathing waters. It is evident that more work is required to elucidate the complex ecological interactions of marine microorganisms; that current microbial pollution indicators are in need of refinement; and that although recreational exposure to coastal waters has some association with the acquisition of minor illness, attempts to relate this to the microbiological quality of the water are confounding.     

Effect of Seawater Soaking on Explosive Cornea Injury

Objective:To observe the changes in corneal tissue after explosive corneal injury and the effect of esawater soaking on the healing of cornea after explosive injury with the help of optical microscope.Methods:Make 10 similar explosive injury models of rabbit‘s eyeball using 10 adult grey rabbits.For each rabbit ,both eyes are artificially injured through explosion;its right eye is the comparison eye and after the injury the left eye is soaked in seawater for 30 minutes Conduct slit lamp examinations,fluorescein dyeing,and ultrasonic cornea thickness metering on the corneas at intervals that is ,before the injury,1,2,3,4,5,7,9,12,15,days after the injury respectively.Examine the corneas under the optical microscope and make comparisons.Results:the corneal thickness of the experiment eye becomes apparently thicker than that of the comparison eye after the injury,The corneal clouding of the former apparently aggravates compared with the latter.The healing of corneal epithelium in the injured eye is slower compared with that in the comparison eye.Comparative examination under the optical microscope shows:after the injury,the corneal tissue of the experiment eye changes distincyly,ist healing is delayed and the vascularization degree becomes high in corneal stroma.Conclusion:Scars and vascularization of various degrees will appear in corneal strome after explosive injuries;Sevwater soaking will have bad effects on the healing of the cornea injured in explosions.     

弹烧复合伤后海水浸泡对血管内皮细胞影响的实验研究

目的　探讨弹烧复合伤合并海水浸泡对血管内皮细胞损伤的原因和机制 ,为海水浸泡早期救治提供一定的理论依据。方法　建立弹烧复合伤的犬实验模型 ,致伤后将犬随机分为非浸泡组和浸泡组 ,将浸泡组犬在海水中浸泡 4h后捞出 ,然后于伤后 4、7、10、2 0、2 8h分别取血检测循环内皮细胞 (CEC)以及血管性假血友病因子 (vWF)的变化。非浸泡组除不浸泡海水外 ,余检测时相及指标同浸泡组。结果　非浸泡组于致伤后 4h和 7hCEC、vWF升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而浸泡组于伤后 4、7、10、2 0、2 8hCEC和vWF均持续增高 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。组间比较 :CEC从伤后 4h至伤后 2 8h ,浸泡组与非浸泡组相比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,vWF于伤后 7h至伤后 2 8h浸泡组与非浸泡组相比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1)。结论　弹烧复合伤合并海水浸泡伤后可引起全身EC急性损伤 ,并且这种损伤比单纯弹烧复合伤 (不浸泡 )更严重 ,更持久。     

海水浴对癣病的预防和治疗作用观察

调查驻西沙群岛的×个连183名军人,癣发生率为54.10％,其中2/5的病人同时患两种以上的癣。同时调查停留在西沙某港口的23条渔船127名男性渔民,其癣发生率为0.78％。这些渔民从事海水捕捞每年至少6～8个月的时间,而军人不足5天,提示海水浴对癣病可能有预防作用。根据提示而设计的海水浴疗法,其前瞻性治疗结果表明,对足癣、体癣和花斑癣的有效率分别为88.57％、68.18％和61.11％,证明海水浴是沿海部队防治癣病的一种简便易行、经济有效方法。     

海水浴疗法对老年冠心病患者的康复疗效

目的 :研究海水浴疗法对老年冠心病患者的康复疗效。方法 :将病情稳定的 10 5例老年冠心病分为海水浴体疗组 (海水浴组 ) 70例和对照组 35例。观察疗养前后的血压、心率、腹围、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯及左室舒张功能指标 :AMV、EFV、EPSS、FRF、E/A的测值变化。结果 :海水浴组经 4疗程治疗后①收缩压、舒张压、心率、心率与收缩压乘积均较疗养前和对照组疗养后显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,腹围明显减小 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;②左室舒张功能指标中AMV增高、EFV加快、EPSS减小、FRF与E/A增大 ,较疗养前及对照组疗养后比 ,变化显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;③血清胆固醇、甘油三酯测值较疗养前及对照组比 ,呈显著降低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :海水浴疗法是项有氧运动 ,一定疗程后 ,能改善老年冠心病患者心肌血氧供给、降低心肌耗氧 ,提高左心舒张功能和血管收缩、舒张功能     

腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡时出凝血的变化

目的 探讨实验犬腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡后高渗及低温对机体出凝血系统的影响.方法 20只犬致腹部开放伤后被随机分为对照组(不经过海水浸泡)和海水浸泡组,每组10只.于致伤前(0 h)及致伤后1.5(打捞出水时)、4、8和12 h检测两组内皮素-1(ET-1)、血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白140(GMP-140)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、D-二聚体、凝血因子Ⅱ等变化.结果 海水浸泡后PT、APTT明显延长,D-二聚体、GMP-140、ET-1明显增加,凝血因子Ⅱ活性明显降低(P均＜0.05).与对照组比较,海水浸泡组ET-1、PT、APTT、D-二聚体及凝血因子Ⅱ活性均有明显变化,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),而GMP-140与对照组比较差异则无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡后可损伤血管内皮细胞,活化血小板,抑制凝血因子活性,引起凝血功能障碍、血栓形成和纤溶系统激活.     

两种复苏措施对犬海水浸泡弹烧复合伤血流动力学的影响

目的 比较标准Parkland公式复苏与改良液体复苏对弹烧复合伤后海水浸泡犬血流动力学的 影响,为早期救治提供理论依据。方法 海水浸泡弹烧复合伤模型犬20只随机分为海水浸泡弹烧复合伤组 (浸泡组,n=8)、标准Parkland公式复苏组(标准组,n=6)与改良液体复苏组(改良组,n=6),动态监测伤前 及伤后4、7、10、20和28 h共6个时间点的中心体温、尿量、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、平均肺动脉压 (MPAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、心脏指数(CI)的变化,计算每搏输出指数(SVI)、外 周循环阻力指数(SVRI)、肺循环阻力指数(PVRI)、左室每搏功输出指数(LVSWI)和右室每搏功输出指数 (RVSWI),并观察动物死亡率。结果 采用标准Parkland公式复苏,血流动力学、中心体温、尿量均有明显改 善,但复苏早期(伤后7 h)CVP偏高,达(14.7±3.1)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa);实验后期血流动力学稳 定性较差;尿量在伤后7 h偏多,达(2.38±0.18)ml·h-1·kg-1。改良组血流动力学指标改善明显优于标准 组,不仅纠正了标准组复苏早期容量超载的风险,而且在实验后期。血流动力学较标准组更稳定。改良组动物 在观察期内全部存活.而浸泡组死亡4只,标准组死亡1只。结论 改良液体复苏较Parkland公式复苏更适 合于弹烧复合伤后海水浸泡