Prognostic indicators for gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 108 resected cases of the stomach

AIMS: Whether immunohistochemical markers increase accuracy in predicting prognosis for gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) remains uncertain. However, past studies have used only small, heterogeneous patient groups. Our aim was to test previously studied and more novel morphological features as well as four immunohistochemical markers as prognostic indicators amongst a large cohort of surgically resected, gastric GISTs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tissues from 127 gastric mesenchymal tumours were collected retrospectively and subjected to repeat histological assessment and immunophenotyping. Further immunohistochemistry was performed for Ki67, p53, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. Complete follow-up data were collected for 108 patients with immunophenotyped diagnoses of GIST (i.e. c-kit+ tumours). At the census point, 52 patients were alive, 24 had died from their GISTs and the remainder of other causes. Univariate analysis showed the following predicted for shorter disease-specific survival: size > or =50 mm; necrosis, no intratumoral lymphocytes; mitotic count > or =5/50 high power fields; Ki67 labelling index > or =5%; p53 immunopositivity. Of these variables, multivariate analyses showed only mitotic count and, to a lesser extent, Ki67 labelling to be independent prognostic indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Mitotic count remains the best predictor of outcome following surgical resection of gastric GISTs. Ki67 immunohistochemistry does not provide better prognostication and p53, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry provide no additional prognostication.     

乙型重型肝炎患者主要肝功能指标对预后影响的Meta分析

目的探索主要肝功能指标对乙型重型肝炎患者预后的影响。方法应用Meta分析的方法对有关研究TBil、PTA、ALB、CHO、CHE、AFP、ALT及AST／ALT对乙型重型肝炎患者预后影响的文献进行系统评价。以加权平均数（WMD）作为评价指标,共纳入Meta分析的回顾性队列研究文献32篇,累计病例21949例。以受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析各指标对预后影响的敏感程度。结果死亡组TBil水平高于生存组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;死亡组PTA、ALB、CHO、CHE、AFP水平低于生存组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;两组ALT及AST／ALT比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．54,0．09）。AFP的ROC值最高为0．943（P〈0．01）。结论TBil可能是重型肝炎患者预后的危险因素,PTA、ALB、CHO、CHE和AFP可能是重型肝炎患者预后的保护因素,ALT和AST／ALT对重型肝炎患者预后无明显影响。AFP对预后的判断最为敏感,其次为PTA和CHO。     

Predictors of Obstetric Fistula Repair Outcomes in Lubango,Angola

ObjectiveObstetric fistulas have a significant physical and social impact on many women in Angola. The majority of the population of this sub-Saharan African nation does not have access to high-quality obstetric care, and this is associated with a risk of prolonged labour and formation of obstetric fistulas. Fistulas are challenging to correct surgically and may require repeated operations. The objective of the study was to determine predictors of successful obstetric fistula repair.MethodsIn this retrospective study, data from all recorded cases of fistula repair performed between July 2011 and December 2016 at the Centro Evangélico de Medicina do Lubango (CEML) hospital located in Lubango, Angola, were reviewed. Analysis of the data was carried out to determine factors affecting the success of fistula repair; parametric and non-parametric tests were used for group comparisons and logistic regression for outcome prediction (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).ResultsA total of 407 operations were performed on 243 women. Of these, 224 women were diagnosed with a vesicovaginal fistula and 19 with a combined vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistula. The success rate for the attempted repairs was 42%. On multivariate analysis, the success of first surgery was negatively affected by the difficulty of repair (odds ratio 0.28; P < 0.01). For patients requiring repeat surgery, the odds of success were increased with each subsequent operation (odds ratio 5.32; P < 0.01).ConclusionAlthough fistulas rated as difficult to repair had a higher likelihood of initial failure, successive attempts at repair increased the likelihood of a successful outcome.     

胃癌组织中PIK3CA基因热点突变筛查及临床意义

目的 检测中国人群胃癌组织中PIK3 CA基因突变频率及热点突变模式,探讨PIK3 CA基因突变的临床意义.方法 应用荧光PCR法筛查胃癌PIK3 CA基因突变阳性病例,Sanger DNA测序法检测PIK3CA基因热点突变模式;统计分析PIK3 CA基因突变与胃癌临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 400例肿瘤标本中检测出PIK3 CA基因突变率为7.5％ (30/400),突变位点主要集中在第9外显子(E542K,E545K)和第20外显子(H1047R,H1047L);且PIK3 CA基因突变与肿瘤预后相关(P＜0.05),而与肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结状态、患者年龄等因素无关.结论 中国人群胃癌组织中PIK3CA基因突变具独特的突变频率与突变模式;PIK3 CA基因突变对于胃癌预后判断及基因靶向治疗具潜在临床价值.     

小细胞肺癌中M3R的表达及意义

目的：观察毒蕈碱胆碱受体3(muscarinic cholinergic receptor 3, M3R)在小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)中的表达,探讨M3R表达与SCLC分期及临床病理特征的相关性。方法采用免疫组化SP两步法检测60例SCLC(局限期和广泛期各30例)癌组织中M3R的表达,与正常肺组织对比观察M3R表达的差异;回顾性分析所有SCLC病例的病史、体征、支气管镜、胸部CT、颅脑CT、骨扫描、腹部CT等检查,电话随访患者的生存时间。结果 M3R在SCLC中的表达明显高于正常肺组织;M3R在局限期和广泛期SCLC中的表达差异无统计学意义;M3R表达与患者年龄、性别、淋巴结转移无关,与是否吸烟有关;Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示：M3R阴性者的生存期较阳性者长,差异有统计学意义。结论 SCLC癌组织中M3R的表达水平明显高于正常肺组织,M3R表达与SCLC预后有相关性。     

重度窒息患儿早期给予苯巴比妥应用与远期愈后关系的临床研究

目的探讨苯巴比妥与窒息新生儿脑损害的恢复的关系。方法选2011年1月~2014年2月于我院新生儿科住院的重度窒息且明确存在脑损害的新生儿31例随机分成两组,分为治疗组及对照组,治疗组予生后24 h内给予苯巴比妥针应用,对照组除不给予苯巴比妥针外,其余治疗两组均相同。若合并抽搐症状,均给予水合氯醛液止痉处理。结果治疗组患儿出现运动发育异常的几率明显低于对照组。结论针对重度窒息患儿,早期给予苯巴比妥针干预治疗,对重度窒息患儿的远期愈后有积极意义。     

cTnI水平与非心源性危重症患者预后的相关性

目的：探讨血清cTnI与非心源性危重症患者病情严重程度和预后的相关性。方法：将66例非心源性危重症患者根据入院后96h内cTnI是否有异常升高,分为高危组和低危组,分析两组患者急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）分值、ICU住院时间、ICU住院费用、机械通气情况、30d病死情况的差异。结果：高危组的APACHEⅡ评分、ICU住院时间、ICU住院费用、机械通气人次、30d内病死人数均高于（多于）低危组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：非心源性危重症患者血清cTnI的含量可在相当程度上反映患者病情的严重程度,并对患者的短期病死率预估有一定的帮助;因此cTnI可作为APACHEⅡ评分系统之外评价危重症患者病情与预后的重要指标。     

子宫颈腺癌Silva分型的临床病理意义及研究现状

子宫颈腺癌与HPV感染高度相关,近期提出的Silva分型相较于目前的诊疗依据,能更好地预测子宫颈腺癌的预后并指导临床治疗。文章就当前子宫颈腺癌的诊治现状、Silva分型的临床病理意义及相关研究进展进行阐述和分析。     

Serum immunoglobulin G, M and IgG:IgM ratio as predictors for outcome of childhood nephrotic syndrome

Background  Nephrotic syndrome is an immune mediated disorder of the kidney associated with T cell dysfunction and secondary disturbance of B cell with changes in levels of immunoglobulin and IgG:IgM ratio. These changes in immunoglobulin levels can be used as a proxy marker to understand the clinical variety and prognosis of nephrotic syndrome. Methods  We studied 43 children with nephrotic syndrome during January 2003 to January 2005 in the Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from the 43 patients, and serum levels of IgG, IgM and IgG:IgM were measured by liquid phase immunoprecipitation assay. Another 20 healthy children attending the laboratory for blood grouping and hepatitis B screening test were enrolled as controls. Results  In the 43 children with nephrotic syndrome, 24 had steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and 19 steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Compared with healthy children, the IgG level was low, IgM level was high, and IgG:IgM ratio was low (P<0.05). The serum IgG level and IgG:IgM ratio were significantly lower in children with SRNS and in children with frequent relapse (FRNS) combined with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) than in those with infrequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (IFRNS) (P<0.05, respectively). Conclusions  Management of different nephrotic syndromes is based on the levels of immunoglobulins along with clinical and biochemical parameters. The decrease of IgG level as a predictive marker for unfavorable prognosis of nephrotic syndrome in children needs further evaluation in larger scale studies.     

呼吸机治疗新生儿肺透明膜病预后多因素分析

目的分析呼吸机治疗新生儿肺透明膜病(HMD)的疗效及影响预后的因素。方法对2000年1月~2002年12月在我科NICU呼吸机治疗的54例HMD患儿进行总结,分析其疗效,比较治愈组与病死组胎龄、出生体重、上机日龄、上机前血气及吸气峰压(PIP)、呼吸未正压(PEEP)、各种并发症的差异。结果呼吸机治疗新生儿HMD的治愈率为68.4％;病死组胎龄、出生体重均明显低于治愈组(P<0.05),病死组上机时的日龄及上机前的血pH值均明显小于治愈组(P<0.01),病死组呼吸机参数PIP、PEEP均明显高于治愈组(P<0.05),两组间各种并发症的比较差异无显著性。结论呼吸机是治疗新生儿HMD的主要手段;HMD患儿胎龄越小,体重越低,则病变发生越早,上机前酸中毒越明显,病死率就越高。