Toxicity in standard melphalan-prednisone therapy among myeloma patients with renal failure--a retrospective analysis and recommendations for dose adjustment

Haematological and infectious toxicity was correlated to renal function in 272 newly diagnosed myeloma patients given standard dose melphalan-prednisone (MP) as initial treatment without dose adjustment for renal impairment. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by calculated creatinine clearance. Haematological toxicity was found to be significantly related to renal dysfunction. Haematological toxicity World Health Organization (WHO) grades 3-4 after the first MP course was seen in 18%, 28% and 36% of patients with a creatinine clearance of >50, 30-50 and <30 ml/min respectively. WHO grades 3-4 infections occurred in 6% and were not significantly related to renal function. We conclude that MP therapy can be used for initial therapy in myeloma patients with renal impairment but suggest that reduction of the melphalan dose should be considered in patients with a GFR of <30 ml/min. As only 2% of our patients had a clearance of < or =10 ml/min no conclusions can be drawn for this subgroup.     

Steroid-based treatments for patients with total sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Conclusions: In patients with total sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), oral prednisone (OP) alone or intratympanic dexamethasone (ITD) alone have comparable results. The addition of salvage ITD following OP does not seem to add over either single modality treatment. Objectives: To study the effect of steroid-based treatments in patients with total SSNHL. Methods: The medical charts of 59 patients with total loss of hearing, defined as pure tone thresholds in the profound range (> 90 dB) with an unobtainable speech reception threshold (SRT) that were treated with OP (n = 20), ITD (n = 13), or OP followed by salvage ITD (n = 26) were analyzed. Response to treatment was evaluated by means of pure tone thresholds, SRT, and speech discrimination score (SDS), immediately after treatment and on a follow-up visit. Results: Forty-nine patients (83%) responded to treatment, with mean significant improvements of 36, 34, 31, and 25 dB at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively. The mean improvement in SRT was 33 dB, and SDS improved by 32%. There were no differences in improvement in pure tone thresholds and SRT among the three treatment groups. The late effect of OP was similar to the effect of salvage ITD.     

重组人干扰素-γ与泼尼松联用治疗特发性肺间质纤维化的应用价值探究2712

目的：探究重组人干扰素-γ与泼尼松联用治疗特发性肺间质纤维化的应用价值。方法选取从2012年1月至2015年1月在我院进行治疗的特发性肺间质纤维化患者120例,随机分为两组,观察组60例患者进行重组人干扰素-γ与泼尼松治疗,对照组60例患者进行泼尼松治疗,对2组患者治疗效果进行对比分析。结果观察组患者刺激性干咳好转38例(63．3%),呼吸困难好转34例(56．7%),活动能力好转36例(60．0%),肺弥散功能好转34例(56．7%);对照组患者刺激性干咳好转20例(33．3%),呼吸困难好转16例(26．7%),活动能力好转12例(20．0%),肺弥散功能好转12例(20．0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。治疗后,两组患者血清纤维化指标均得到了不同程度改善,观察组患者Ⅲ型胶原蛋白为(51．0±11．5) ng/L,Ⅳ型胶原蛋白为(63．1±21．6) ng/L,透明质酸为(78．6±31．6) ng/L;对照组患者Ⅲ型胶原蛋白为(80．5±17．2) ng/L,Ⅳ型胶原蛋白为(70．3±24．5) ng/L,透明质酸为(87．8±26．7) ng/L。与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),治疗后两组患者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。结论在进行特发性肺间质纤维化治疗时,重组人干扰素-γ与泼尼松治疗联用的方法效果良好,能够减轻患者病症,应在临床中推广使用。     

维药无花果叶对抗大鼠泼尼松性骨质疏松的作用研究

目的：研究维药无花果叶醇提物对泼尼松致大鼠骨质疏松的对抗作用。方法：将50只大鼠随机分成正常对照组、泼尼松模型组和维药无花果叶醇提物高、中、低（10mg/kg、20mg/kg、30mg/kg）剂量组,每组10只。分别灌胃相应药物,每日1次,连续8周后取血清检测生化指标,对骨进行组织切片检查,长度、宽度以及骨质的测量。结果：泼尼松模型组大鼠股骨重量、尺骨羟脯氨酸和骨钙含量比正常对照组明显降低,胫骨骨髓腔中脂肪组织增多（P〈0．01）,血浆胆固醇（TG）含量上升、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和高密度脂蛋白（吼）含量下降（P〈0．01）。维药无花果叶醇提组能有效提高骨的重量和骨质的含量（P〈0．01）,减少骨髓腔中脂肪的含量,升高碱性磷酸酶和高密度脂蛋白含量（P〈0．01）。结论：泼尼松可抑制大鼠的,肾生长及引起骨丢失,而维药无花果叶醇提物可有良好的对抗作用。     

UPLC-MS/PDA检测中药制剂中醋酸泼尼松和醋酸地塞米松的研究

 目的建立快速、准确、高灵敏度的测定中药平喘制剂中醋酸泼尼松和醋酸地塞米松检测的方法。方法采用UPLC-MS/PDA法,以甲醇-0.01mol·L^-1醋酸铵(0.1%甲酸)缓冲溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.2mL·min^-1,离子源为ESI源,正离子检测,对中药制剂中非法添加醋酸泼尼松和醋酸地塞米松进行定性定量分析,并对其裂解途径进行解析。结果6批受试制剂中有2批分别检测到有醋酸泼尼松和醋酸地塞米松。结论此方法选择性强、灵敏度高,可作为分析中药制剂中醋酸泼尼松和醋酸地塞米松的有效检测方法。     

大剂量螺内酯与糖皮质激素联合治疗重症慢性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的探讨顽固性慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)时,在常规治疗的基础上加用大剂量螺内酯与泼尼松,观察对水、Na 、K 代谢及心功能的影响。方法54例严重CHF患者(心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,D期),随机分为对照组(27例)与研究组(27例),对照组采用常规治疗(包括螺内酯20 mg/d),研究组在常规治疗基础上,螺内酯60 mg/d,泼尼松40 mg/d连续应用30天。分析治疗后两组患者的一般临床情况、左室射血分数(EF)、血清Na 、K 、肌酐及24小时尿量、尿Na 、尿K 的变化。结果两组患者在治疗后尿量及EF显著增加,但研究组患者用药后尿量较对照组增加更明显,研究组长血清Na 7天及30天均高于对照组,7天Na (138.03±3.97)mmol vs(134.48±5.18)mmol/L,30天Na (137.17±3.57)mmol/L vs(134.00±4.46)mmol/L(均P<0.05);血清K 7天及30天亦均高于对照组,7天K (4.07±0.42)mmol/L vs(3.73±0.33)mmol/L,30天K (4.18±0.49)mmol/L vs(3.79±0.44)mmol/L(均P<0.05);而治疗后研究组血清肌酐7天及30天低于对照组,差异有统计学意义,7天K (92.93±28.65)mmol/L vs(123.19±30.79)mmol/L,30天K (90.07±30.32)mmol/Lvs(115.00±40.61)mmol/L(均P<0.05),尿Na 高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论常规治疗的基础上,适量应用糖皮质激素及大剂量螺内酯可使重症CHF患者在保持K 、Na 平衡及有效血容量的基础上能更明显地减轻过重的水负荷,改善心功能。     

泼尼松反应在CCLG-ALL 2008方案中预后价值的探讨

目的:评估泼尼松反应在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)治疗体系中的预后价值。方法:对入组598例初治ALL患儿,予以泼尼松预治疗,根据结果分为泼尼松反应良好(PGR)组和泼尼松反应不良(PPR)组,行后续治疗并随访,分析比较临床特征及治疗效果。结果:与PGR组相比,PPR组患儿具有年龄较大,初诊白细胞数较高,T细胞表型相对多见,费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph+ALL)相对多见的特点(P0.05);PPR组患儿2年和5年无事件生存率(EFS)相对于PGR组明显降低(P0.05),PPR组患儿累积无事件生存率的下降主要发生在2年内;PPR组复发率较高,且以早期复发为主(P0.05);PPR组患儿治疗第33天及12周的微小残留病(MRD)发生率较高(P0.05);高危组ALL患儿不论泼尼松反应是否良好,其无事件生存率,复发时间均无差别(P0.05);在COX回归分析中,PPR、BCR-ABL1及MLL的存在均为显著预后不利因素(P0.05)。结论:泼尼松反应在CCLG-ALL 2008方案中仍然具有重要预后价值,泼尼松反应不良的ALL患儿整体预后较差,而泼尼松反应对高危组ALL预后评价意义不大。     

Efficacy of mizoribine followed by low-dose prednisone in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy and nephrotic-range proteinuria

Abstract

Background: Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients with persistent high-grade proteinuria are at the highest risk for developing end-stage renal failure. We previously reported the effects of treatment with mizoribine followed by low-dose prednisone treatment in 4 IMN patients. The purpose of the present study was to further assess the effects of this combined treatment in a larger study group. Method: Thirteen patients with IMN and nephrotic-range proteinuria received combined treatment. Mizoribine was initiated at a dose of 150?mg/day, and 2–3 months later, 20?mg/day prednisone was added to the mizoribine regimen. The dosage of prednisone and/or mizoribine was tapered according to the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (P/C). We evaluated patient responses for up to 12 months after the initiation of combination therapy. Results: Before treatment, patient urinary P/C ranged from 3.7 to 15.9?g/g. Although these values did not decrease during mizoribine monotherapy, all patients showed dramatic P/C decreases over the course of combination therapy. At 3, 6, and 12 months after combination therapy, 15%, 31%, and 62% of patients attained complete remission, respectively, and all patients were in partial or complete remission 6 months after combination therapy. No notable side effects were observed. Conclusion: The addition of prednisone after mizoribine monotherapy can be beneficial for all IMN patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria syndrome. The risks associated with immunotherapy can be decreased by initially prescribing mizoribine alone, which might act as a base for establishing therapy, followed by low-dose prednisone treatment.     

Immunosenescence increases the rate of acceptance of kidney allotransplants in elderly recipients through exhaustion of CD4 T-cells

Compromised immunity is the hallmark of ageing. Paradoxically, it may be “an ally” in facilitating acceptance of allogeneic grafts in the elderly. In this retrospective study we looked for biomarkers of immunosenescence that distinguish elderly recipients less prone to reject kidney allografts.Recruited kidney recipients aged ≥60 or <60 were designated ‘elderly’ and ‘young’, respectively. Both age-groups were divided according to the history of acute rejection. The phenotype, length of telomeres, expression of FoxP3 and proliferative responses were assessed in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell subsets. In addition, IL6, IL10 and TGFβ were measured on the level of mRNA and serum protein.Acute-rejection-free history in elderly transplant recipients was associated with short telomeres, a decreased proportion of CD28⁺ T-cells associated with CMV-seropositivity and low proliferation of CD4⁺ T-cells. In contrast, elderly recipients who experienced acute rejection kept preserved telomere length, had a higher number of functional CD4⁺CD28⁺ cells and exhibited vigorous proliferation in vitro. These differences were not found in the young group.The major conclusion of this study is that the impaired condition of CD4⁺ T-cells, so-called immunosenescence, renders transplant recipients less responsive to an allogeneic kidney graft, an effect that was limited to transplant recipients of >60 years of age.     

维胺酯胶囊联合强的松治疗中重度痤疮的疗效观察

目的：研究维胺酯胶囊联合强的松治疗中重度痤疮的临床疗效。方法：120例痤疮患者按随机化原则分配至治疗组和对照组各60例。治疗组采用口服维胺酯胶囊（50 mg tid）,同时口服强的松（5 mg qn）,连续服用30 d为1疗程。对照组采用口服罗红霉素（0.15 g bid）,安体舒通20 mg tid,连续服用30 d为1疗程。两组同时外用氯林液。结果：治疗组的有效率（95%）明显高于对照组（72%）,经统计学处理,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.23,P〈0.05）。结论：维胺酯胶囊联合强的松治疗中重度痤疮临床疗效好且安全。