磁场对高锰酸钾溶液吸收光谱的影响

目的:研究了磁场对高锰酸钾(KMnO4)吸收光谱的影响.结果:KMnO4溶液整体磁化及以磁化水为溶剂的KMnO4溶液吸收光谱与原溶液有所不同,其最大吸收波长紫移,二者紫移程度不同,而且吸收峰处吸光度有所增加.在一定时间内磁化时间越长,吸收峰处吸光度增加越多,磁场强度越大对吸收曲线影响越显著.说明在磁场作用下,水分子及高锰酸钾结构及状态的改变对高锰酸钾吸收光谱有影响.     

Septischer Schock und multiples Organversagen in der chirurgischen Intensivmedizin

Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird ein tierexperimentelles Sepsismodell, das der Problematik chirurgischer Intensivpatienten entspricht. Nach rezidivierender Applikation von E.-coli-Endotoxin W0111:134 unter standardisierten Bedingungen konnten spezifische hämodynamische, biochemische (TNF, TXA₂, PG I₂, IL-6, PAF) und morphologische Veränderungen (pulmonales Endothel) nachgewiesen werden. Die sepsisinduzierten ARDS-Veränderungen werden mit einer Hochfrequenzdruck-und-flowmessung mit 385 Meßpunkten fiber einem Atemzyklus analysiert. Die Rolle des Darms in der Sepsis wurde mit ionenselektivem Kaliummonitoring vergleichend auf der Mukosa and Serosa untersucht. Jede Endotoxingabe wurde vom Dünndarm mit selektiven Anstiegen der Kaliumaktivität als Ausdruck einer Endotoxin-induzierten relativen Ischämie beantwortet. Das Profil der Oberflächenkaliumwerte korreliert sowohl mit dem cardiaco output als auch mit den Prostazyklinspiegeln. Die während der Versuchsdauer kontinuierlich abnehmende Mukosa-Serosa-Kaliumdifferenz kann als Nachweis einer die Sepsis katalysierenden intestinalen Permeabilitätsstörung interpretiert werden.

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Septic shock and multiple organ failure during surgical intensive care. Evaluation of pulmonary and intestinal dysfunction assessment in a porcine model

The study deals with an animal model for the problems of surgical intensive care patients. Following repeated applications of E. coli endotoxin W0111:134 under standard conditions, specific hemodynamic and biochemical (TNF, TXA₂, PGI₂, IL-6, PAF) and morphological (endothelium of the lung) alterations were detected. ARDS patterns induced by the sepsis were analyzed by high-frequency measurement of pressure and flow (385 measurements per breathing cycle). The role of the intestine in sepsis was investigated by ion-selective monitoring of surface potassium activity comparing mucosa and serosa. Every injection of endotoxin was followed by a selective increase of the potassium activity revealing relative ischemia induced by the endotoxin. The profile of the potassium levels on the surface correlates both with the cardiac output and with the prostacyclin levels. The continuous narrowing of the difference between mucosa and serosa, potassium during the period of investigation can be regarded as evidence for pathologic change in permeability fostering the septic course.

     

Comparison of the diuretic effect and absorption of a single dose of furosemide and free and the fixed combinations of furosemide and triamterene in healthy male adults

Summary The absorption and diuretic effect of furosemide 40 mg alone (F), and of the free (F+T) and the fixed (FT) combinations of furosemide 40 mg and triamterene 50 mg have been compared in 12 healthy young men.A slight reduction in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of plasma furosemide was found for the fixed combination (AUC₄₈₀) F 2.58 g · h · ml^–1; F+T 2.46 g · h · ml^–1; FT 1.97 g · h · ml^–1. There was a significant reduction in the AUC₄₈₀ of plasma triameterene (F+T 204.9 g · h · l^–1; FT 130.2 g · h · l^–1). Sodium excretion after F+T and FT was more pronounced than after F (F+T 302 mmol; FT 311 mmol; F 259 mmol). When compared to F alone, there was a reduction in the 24-hour potassium excretion after F+T as well as after FT (F 121 mmol; F+T 104 mmol; FT 107 mmol).It is concluded that the absorption of triamterene was significantly reduced after ingestion of the fixed combination tablet. However, in healthy male adults this had no influence on its natriuretic and potassium-sparing effect as compared to the free combination.     

四乙基胺抑制蟾酥的强心效应

[目的]观察蟾酥对离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动的影响和各种受体阻断剂、钾通道阻断剂对这种效应的影响。[方法]将离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动用张力换能器转换成电信号,通过Doctor-95 Super Lab软件系统在电脑上连续记录心率和收缩力的变化,并打印成曲线。[结果]取自蟾蜍同体耳后腺的蟾酥对离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动有增强作用。M受体阻断剂阿托品（0.5g/L)和β受体阻断剂心得安（0.01g/L)不能阻断蟾酥对离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动的增强作用,而α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明（0.5g/L)、非选择性钾通道阻断剂四乙基胺（10mmol/L)则明显抑制蟾酥对离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动的增强作用。[结论]蟾酥是通过α受体作用于钾通道而增强离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动。     

双氯酚酸钾片人体生物等效性研究

目的评价双氯酚酸钾实验制剂和参比制剂的生物等效性。方法8名健康男性志愿者交叉单剂量口服双氯酚酸钾实验制剂或参比制剂50mg,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定经时过程血药浓度,血药浓度时间数据用3p97药代动力学实用程序拟合,计算其药代动力学参数。结果实验制剂和参比制剂主要药代动力学参数Ka分别为(3．042±1．356)h     

危重病人心律失常与血清钾水平关系的临床研究

目的：分析心律失常与血清钾的关系,探讨有效的防治措施。方法：将４５６例心律失常患者按血清钾分为轻,中,重及正常４组,分别观察血钾与滨。结果：轻度低血钾１４例（３１％）,中度低血钾１６例（３６％）,重度低血钾７例（１５％）,正常血钾８例（１８％）。血钾与心律失常类型无明显差异。结论：患者心律失常与血清钾水平关系密切,但由于影响血清钾水平的因素较多,在血清钾水平正常的情况下,不能忽视。     

应用动态血压观察氯沙坦钾治疗难治性高血压的临床疗效

目的 :观察氯沙坦钾治疗高血压的临床疗效。方法 :选择 3 2例其他降压药物疗效不佳的高血压患者 ,年龄 4 1～ 67( 55.6± 6.5)岁 ,服用氯沙坦钾 50 mg～ 1 0 0 mg/d,总疗程为 6w。全部病人在服用氯沙坦钾前和服用氯沙坦钾 6w后均行动态血压监测 ( ABPM)、偶测血压及肝肾功能、血脂和血糖检查。结果 :1 .用药后 2 4 h平均血压、日昼和夜间平均血压比用药前下降 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,用药后收缩压及舒张压负荷均较用药前明显下降 ( P<0 .0 1 )。 2 .偶测血压疗效　服氯沙坦钾降压有效率为 1 0 0 % ,其中 2例需 1 0 0 mg/d,1例加用了双氢克尿噻 1 2 .5mg/d。 3 .降压作用的谷 /峰比值　氯沙坦钾降低收缩压和舒张压的谷 /峰比值分别为 71 .6%和 68.1 %。结论 :Ang II受体拮抗剂是继 ACEI之后的新一类抗高血压药物 ,与 ACEI相比 ,此类药物直接作用于AT1受体 ,降压作用安全可靠 ,副作用少 ,对于其他降压药物疗效不佳的高压患者也有良好效果     

Screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as antiviral agents against influenza A

Quinolin-2-one represents an important and valuable chemical motif that possesses a wide variety of biological activities; however, the anti-influenza activities of quinolin-2-one-containing compounds were rarely reported. Herein, we describe the screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as a novel class of antiviral agents. The 3-aryl-quinolinone derivatives were synthesized via an efficient copper-catalyzed reaction cascade that we previously developed. Using this synthetic method, preliminary structure–activity relationships of this scaffold against the influenza A virus infection were systematically explored. The most potent compound 34 displayed IC₅₀ values of 2.14 and 4.88 μM against the replication of H3N2 (A/HK/8/68) and H1N1 (A/WSN/33) strains, respectively, without apparent cytotoxicity on MDCK cells. We further demonstrated that 27 and 34 potently inhibited the plaque formation of the IAV, rendering this scaffold attractive for pursuing novel anti-influenza agents.     

甲硝唑磷酸酯钾的家兔药物动力学研究

:目的 :研究甲硝唑磷酸酯钾 (PMP)及甲硝唑 ((MTZ)在家兔血中的药物动力学参数。方法 :家兔iv和im等量的PMP、MTZ(10 0 μmol/kg)后 ,用HPLC苦味酸内标法测定家兔血浆中PMP和MTZ的浓度。 结果 :家兔iv等量PMP和MTZ后 ,其家兔血中PMP和MTZ药 -时曲线均符合二室开放模型 ,但其PMP释出的MTZ药 -时曲线较MTZ的药 -时曲线稍低 ,前者的AUC为后者的 47 4%。家兔im等量PMP和MTZ后 ,PMP释出的MTZ药 -时曲线为一室模型 ,MTZ的药 -时曲线为二室模型。前者的Cmax较后者低 ,其AUC为后者的38 9%。结论 :家兔ivPMP和MTZ后 ,二者末端的消除速率接近 ;家兔imPMP和MTZ后 ,二者的Tp 相近。     

Activation by high potassium of a novel voltage-operated Ca2+ channel in rat spleen

1. High potassium produced a concentration-dependent contraction in rat isolated spleen.
2. The high potassium-induced contraction of rat spleen was abolished in Ca²⁺-free Krebs solution containing 1 mM EGTA, and the subsequent addition of 3 mM Ca²⁺ restored the high potassium-induced contraction to the control level.
3. Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, R-(+)-Bay K 8644 and pimozide inhibited and relaxed high potassium-induced contraction of rat spleen with IC₅₀ and EC₅₀ values much higher than those values in rat aorta.
4. In addition, high potassium-stimulated contraction of rat spleen was insensitive to ω-conotoxin GVIA, ω-conotoxin MVIIC and ω-agatoxin IVA.
5. The high potassium-induced contraction of rat spleen was also unaffected by tetrodotoxin (TTX), prazosin, chloroethylclonidine (CEC), yohimbine, propranolol, atropine, diphenhydramine, cimetidine, ketanserin, 3-tropanyl-indole-3-carboxylate, saralasin, indomethacin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, GR32191B, domperidone, naloxone, chlorpromazine, suramin, (±)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), L-659,877, L-703,606, lorglumide, PD 135,158 N-methyl-D-glucamine, benextramine, amiloride, dantrolene, TMB-8, econazole, staurosporine and neomycin.
6. Forskolin and sodium nitroprusside relaxed high potassium-induced contraction of rat spleen with EC₅₀ values of 0.55±0.04 and 20.0±2.7 μM, respectively.
7. It is concluded that high potassium may activate a novel, pharmacologically uncharacterized voltage-operated Ca²⁺ channel in rat spleen.