Study of the distribution of Malassezia species in patients with pityriasis versicolor and healthy individuals in Tertiary Care Hospital,Punjab

Purpose: Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a chronic superficial fungal disease caused by Malassezia species. Our aim was to identify Malassezia species from PV patients and healthy individuals in Punjab. Materials and Methods: Modified Dixon agar was used as isolation culture medium. Identification was based on morphological observation and biochemical evaluation. The biochemical evaluation consisted of culture onto Sabouraud dextrose agar, catalase reaction, Tween assimilation, Cremophor EL assimilation, splitting of esculin and growth at 38⁰C. Results: Out of 58 microscopically diagnosed cases of PV, growth was obtained from 54 (93.10%) cases. The most frequently isolated species were M. globosa, M. sympodialis and M. furfur which made up 51.79%, 31.42% and 18.51% of the isolated etiological agents respectively. However, the major isolate from the back of healthy individuals was M. sympodialis (47.61%), followed by M.obtusa (19.04%), M. globosa (14.20%), M. furfur (9.52%), M. pachydermatis (4.76%) and M. slooffiae (4.76%). Conclusions: M. globosa in its mycelial phase was the main etiological agent, but as normal flora from the back of healthy subjects, it was found in significantly less number (P = 0.01), suggesting that the higher pathogenicity of M. globosa in terms of enzymatic endowment, might be the cause of its predominance in PV lesions.     

Clinical outcomes and 5-year follow-up results of keratosis pilaris treated by a high concentration of glycolic acid

BACKGROUNDKeratosis pilaris is a hereditary abnormal keratosis of the hair follicle orifice. Gray-brown keratotic plugs in the pores and dark red keratotic papules at the openings of hair follicles can be seen, which contain coiled hair and are often accompanied by perifollicular erythema and pigmentation. Glycolic acid can correct the abnormalities of hair follicular duct keratosis and eliminate excessive accumulation of keratinocytes. It also promotes skin metabolism and accelerates the melanin metabolism. The therapeutic effect is related to the glycolic acid concentration.AIMTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a high concentration of glycolic acid in the treatment of keratosis pilaris, and to observe the outcomes at 5-year of follow-up.METHODSTwenty-five participants were recruited and areas with typical keratosis pilaris were selected as testing sites. High concentrations of glycolic acid (50% or 70%) were applied to a circular area (d = 8 cm, S = 50 cm²) and repeated four times, on days 0, 20, 40 and 60. Before each treatment and 20 d after the last treatment, on days 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 and at a 5-year follow-up, The number of follicular keratotic papules were counted and the extent of perifollicular erythema and pigmentation was determined. At the same time, the participants provided subjective evaluations of treatment efficacy and safety.RESULTSTreatment effectiveness was indicated by the percentage of keratotic papules in the test site, on days 20, 40, 60 and 80, which were 8%, 12%, 36%, and 60%, respectively. Compared with day 0, each difference was significant (P < 0.05). Compared with day 0, differences in melanin content (M) in the skin and skin lightness (L) on days 40, 60 and 80, the were statistically significant (P < 0.05); skin hemoglobin content (E) on days 60 and 80 was statistically different as compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of keratotic papules, M, L, and E in 9 participants at the 5-year follow-up compared with before treatment (P > 0.05%).CONCLUSIONA high concentration of glycolic acid significantly improved skin roughness as well as follicular hyperpigmentation of patients with keratosis pilaris. The treatment was relatively safe, but there was no significant difference at the 5-year follow-up compared to before treatment.     

毛发红糠疹病因及发病机制的研究进展

毛发红糠疹是一种少见的慢性鳞屑性角化性炎症性皮肤病,以黄红色鳞屑性斑片和角化性毛囊性丘疹为特征。尽管毛发红糠疹确切的病因和发病机制还不明确,但近几年的研究表明遗传因素、角化障碍、维生素缺乏、肿瘤、感染、药物等与其发病关系密切。     

中药头皮脂溢搽剂治疗头皮脂溢性皮炎和头皮糠疹的临床疗效观察

目的观察中药头皮脂溢搽剂治疗头皮脂溢性皮炎和头皮糠疹的临床疗效。方法将符合诊断标准的160例头皮脂溢性皮炎和头皮糠疹患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用中药头皮脂溢搽剂,每日2次,外用,对照组使用2．5％硫化硒洗剂,1次／3d。两组均用药4周为1个疗程,计算疗效指数并记录不良反应。结果治疗组56例痊愈,14例显效,有效率87．5％,对照组50例痊愈,12例显效,有效率77．5％,治疗组的有效率优于对照组（P〈0．01）。两组均无明显不良反应。结论中药头皮脂溢搽剂治疗头皮脂溢性皮炎和头皮糠疹疗效明显,具有临床实用价值。     

诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架抑制艾氏腹水瘤作用的观察

本文研究了诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架(N-CWS)对小鼠艾氏腹水瘤(EAC)生长的影响及与环磷酰胺(CYP)的协同作用。实验结果表明:N-CWS 对 EAC 鼠的腹水量和瘤细胞数有抑制作用;联用 CYP 可提高荷瘤鼠的生命延长率;对 CYP 引起的体重减轻、白细胞数和血小板数减少及胸腺和脾脏重量减轻也有一定的拮抗作用。     

伊曲康唑巩固疗法降低花斑癣复发率的临床研究

目的:探讨一种能够降低花斑癣复发率的有效治疗方案。方法:将初诊的花斑癣患者按就诊时间分为两组,均口服伊曲康唑0.2g,每日1次,连续服药7d。7d后对照组停药观察,试验组则继续服用伊曲康唑,每月口服0.2g1次,共6个月。两组患者皆每月复诊1次,共6次。结果:试验组99例患者复发率为1.01%,治愈率为85.86%。对照组95例患者复发率为17.89%,治愈率为64.21%。经卡方检验两组患者的复发率及治愈率相比,差异均有极显著性(χ2=16.4195,P=0.0001和χ2=12.2013,P=0.0005)。结论:巩固治疗方案能在近期内降低花斑癣复发率,同时提高花斑癣的治愈率。     

玫瑰糠疹皮损中朗格汉斯细胞的超微结构

目的运用光镜、电镜研究朗格汉斯细胞（Langerhans Cell,LC）在玫瑰糠疹（pityriasis rosea,PR）发病中的作用.方法免疫组化链霉素生物素蛋白过氧化物酶（SP）法检测分化群1a（CD1a）在31例PR患者皮损中的表达,观察LC的数量、形态及分布,并和17名正常人躯干部皮肤作对照.用透射电镜观察8例PR患者皮损中LC的超微结构的变化并和4名正常人躯干部皮肤作比较.结果与正常皮肤比较,PR皮损中LC的数量明显增多,树突数量增多并变长,而且在LC中Birbeck颗粒显著增多,粗面内质网扩张,线粒体和粗面内质网数目减少、线粒体水肿,嵴消失.结论LC在PR的发病中起重要的作用,它作为皮肤组织中主要的抗原呈递细胞参与介导了迟发型变态反应的发生和皮损的形成.在此过程中LC自身也受到不同程度的损害.     

200例玫瑰糠疹的临床特征及其与人类疱疹毒6感染的关系

目的分析玫瑰糠疹的临床特征及其与人类疱疹病毒6感染的关系,旨在提高对该病的诊疗水平。方法对200例玫瑰糠疹患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结其发病特点;同时采用PCR法对其中44例急性期患者的血浆、外周血单核细胞(PBMC)、皮损、唾液标本中人类疱疹病毒6(HHV-6)的DNA进行检测。结果经对200例患者发病的分季统计显示,春、夏、秋季间玫瑰糠疹发病率无显著差异(均P>0.05),对皮损特点、分布情况和自觉症状统计发现存在不典型的皮损、不典型的分布部位与自觉症状的患者。此外,经PCR检测证实44例急性期患者中部分存在HHV-6感染。结论除春秋季外,夏季也是玫瑰糠疹的高发季节;其可表现为不典型的皮损、不典型的发病部位及伴有显著瘙痒,值得临床医师重视;其发病可能与HHV-6感染有关。     

玫瑰糠疹与人类疱疹病毒-7型关系的研究

目的探讨玫瑰糠疹(PR)与人类疱疹病毒-7型(HHV-7)的关系。方法采用巢式PCR检测了22例PR急性期患者的血浆、外周血单核细胞(PBMC)、皮损、唾液、尿液,14例恢复期患者的唾液、血浆、外周血单核细胞,14例正常人的唾液、血浆、外周血单核细胞中的HHV-7特异性序列。结果急性期唾液与单核细胞中HHV-7DNA检出率(95.5%,45.4%)明显高于正常人(64.3%,21.4%),唾液中HHV-7DNA检出率亦明显高于恢复期(57.1%),但单核细胞中HHV-7DNA检出率与恢复期(28.6%)无明显差异。8例皮损组织(36.4%)检测到HHV-7DNA。1例血浆中检测到HHV-7DNA(4.54%),其外周血单核细胞、皮损、唾液中亦均检测到HHV-7DNA,其恢复期唾液、单核细胞中HHV-7DNA仍可检测到。恢复期HHV-7DNA在唾液和单核细胞中的检出率与正常人无明显差别。结论有一部分玫瑰糠疹的发生可能与潜伏的HHV-7活化感染有关。     

HPLC 测定乐脉丸中赤芍的含量

目的：建立乐脉丸中赤芍含量的HPLC测定方法。方法采用色谱柱为Waters Symmetry Shield RP18（5μm,3．9mm ＆#215;150mm）;流动相为乙腈-0．05％磷酸（13∶87）;检测波长为230nm。结果芍药苷的进样量在0．20403～2．04032μg （ r ＝0．9999）范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为101．5％和100．3％,RSD分别为1．5％和1．4％（n＝6）。结论 HPLC测定乐脉丸中赤芍的含量方法简便、快速准确、灵敏度高,重复性好,可作为乐脉丸中赤芍的含量测定。