Occupational exposure to endocrine disruptors and lymphoma risk in a multi-centric European study

Background:

Incidence rates of lymphoma are usually higher in men than in women, and oestrogens may protect against lymphoma.

Methods:

We evaluated occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among 2457 controls and 2178 incident lymphoma cases and subtypes from the European Epilymph study.

Results:

Over 30 years of exposure to EDCs compared to no exposure was associated with a 24% increased risk of mature B-cell neoplasms (P-trend=0.02). Associations were observed among men, but not women.

Conclusions:

Prolonged occupational exposure to endocrine disruptors seems to be moderately associated with some lymphoma subtypes.     

绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中四种有机氯农药残留量调查

目的:了解绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中四种有机氯农药残留量及其分布规律,为制定切实有效的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法:从绵阳各类超市、农贸市场和农户购买蔬菜、水果和粮食样品,采用气相色谱法进行分析。结果:样品中六六六、滴滴涕、三氯杀螨醇和艾氏剂残留检出率分别为76.5%、63.5%、32.5%和14.0%,三氯杀螨醇和艾氏剂超标率分别为3.0%和0.5%,其他未超标。蔬菜、水果和粮食农残检出率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。四种农药的检出率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。三种不同来源样品农残超标率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。全年四个季度以第二季度的农残超标率最高,为5.9%。结论:绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中四种有机氯农药残留检出率较高。     

生大黄联合血液净化治疗重度急性有机磷农药中毒疗效分析

目的观察生大黄联合血液净化治疗重度急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)的安全性、有效性。方法选取2005年2月至2013年2月广西玉林市第二人民医院重症医学科收治的重度AOPP患者60例,其中联合治疗组(31例)在常规治疗基础上采用生大黄联合血液净化治疗,生大黄组(29例)为同期收治的因经济困难等原因仅予生大黄+常规综合治疗。观察两组患者昏迷至清醒时间、机械通气时间、住院时间、胆碱酯酶恢复时间,阿托品、氯解磷定使用总量及中间综合征发生率、多脏器功能障碍(MODS)发生率、病死率等。结果联合治疗组昏迷至清醒时间、机械通气时间、住院时间、胆碱酯酶恢复时间分别为(5.9±1.1)d、(6.1±1.2)d、(9.2±1.5)d、(3.9±0.7)d,生大黄组分别为(7.3±1.3)d、(8.5±1.3)d、(11.8±1.6)d、(6.2±0.8)d,联合治疗组显著短于生大黄组(P<0.05);联合治疗组阿托品、氯解磷定使用总量分别为(108.2±8.7)mg、(7.3±1.0)g,生大黄组分别为(121.8±9.3)mg、(12.3±1.3)g,联合治疗组显著少于生大黄组(P<0.05);联合治疗组中间综合征发生率、MODS发生率、病死率分别为6.5%、12.9%、9.7%,生大黄组分别为31%、41.4%、37.9%,联合治疗组显著低于生大黄组(P<0.05)。结论生大黄联合血液净化治疗重度AOPP可缩短住院时间,减少并发症,提高救治成功率,降低病死率,是一种安全有效的方法。     

ED points and NOELs: how they are used by UK pesticide regulators

The availability and use of ED point and NOEL values in ecotoxicological data submitted to the UK Pesticides Safety Directorate is explored. In first tier data normally submitted for pesticide registration, ED points such as EC/LC/LD50s are commonly available from acute laboratory toxicity studies conducted using birds, small mammals, fish, aquatic invertebrates, plants, honeybees and earthworms. These ED points are subsequently used for hazard classification of the pesticide and in toxicity: exposure ratio (TER) calculations required during the acute risk assessment. Although NOELs can often be available from the same first tier data, they are generally not used. However, NOELs commonly available from higher tier chronic toxicity studies such as chronic fish, Daphnia reproduction and avian reproduction studies, are used in TER calculations to assess chronic risk. The statistical limitations of the NOEL are recognized and the regulatory implications of replacing the NOEL with an alternative ED point are discussed.     

急性有机磷农药中毒合理使用抗胆碱药的疗效观察

目的探讨急性有机磷农药中毒的抗胆碱药合理应用。方法我们根据简化阿托品化指标和动态胆碱酯酶活力测定结果,及时调整长效托宁和阿托品的用量和时间,来治疗急性有机磷农药中毒。结果使用以上方法治愈急性有机磷农药中毒,抗胆碱药用药总量小,治愈时间短。结论抗胆碱药合理应用在急性有机磷农药中毒治疗中具有实用性价值,值得临床推广。     

Urinary excretion of tetrahydrophtalimide in fruit growers with dermal exposure to captan

The relation between dermal and respiratory exposure and uptake into the body of captan, measured as 24 hr cumulative tetrahydrophtalimide (THPI) dose, was studied among 14 male fruit growers applying pesticides in orchards in the Netherlands. No contribution of respiratory exposure was observed on THPI in the urine. Dermal exposure, measured with skin pads, showed a clear relation with THPI in urine when exposure was estimated from exposure on skin pads of ankles and neck. No relation was found for total dermal exposure, calculated from measured exposure on skin pads of representative skin areas according to models described in the literature. Determinants of exposure such as use of a cabin on the tractor, use of gloves during mixing and loading, and use of rubber boots also explained THPI in urine very well. This finding corroborated the findings on measured dermal exposure. Results indicate that more attention should be paid to skin areas which are suspected to be most permeable for a chemical under study. It was concluded that dermal exposure data can be linked better to biological monitoring based on empirical findings as gathered in a pilot study on exposure of specific body areas than on estimations of total skin dose.     

有机磷农药在DNA重组修复试验中的诱变性研究

本研究采用枯草杆菌ＤＮＡ重组修复试验，检测了２４种有机磷农药的诱变性，并分析了有机磷的化学结构与诱变性的关系及其可能的诱变机理。结果显示有５种甲基有机磷获阳性结果。构效分析表明，结构类型为（ＲＯ）ａＰＸａ·Ｙａ的有机磷易诱发ＤＮＡ完整性改变，而（ＲＯ）ｂＰＸｃ·Ｙｄ型的有机磷不易诱发ＤＮＡ完整性改变。推测阳性有机磷农药作为烷化剂，主要是使鸟嘌呤的Ｎ－７位甲基化，引起碱基置换；或形成加合物，造成交联，从而引发ＤＮＡ重组修复而致突变。     

Occupational health promotion amongst cattle farmers in Zambia

One of the main activities of the Italian Animal Health Programme(IAHP) in the Republic of Zambia, a bilateral project betweenthe Ministry of Agriculture of the Zambian Government and theGeneral Directorate for Development Cooperation of the ItalianMinistry of Foreign Affairs, is the control of Malignant Theileriosisin Southern Province, through immersion of cattle in dip tankscontaining an acaricide. There are potentially important healthrisks to farm workers and the environment as a result of thisintervention and these are discussed. The control measures undertaken,with special reference to health education programmes, are described.     

化学杀虫剂的发展现状与展望

本文主要概述了近几十年来化学杀虫剂的发展现状,以及针对环境污染与抗性问题展望了今后化学杀虫剂的几个发展趋势。     

Mutagenicity of municipal water obtained from an agricultural area

We have studied the mutagenicity of the water from Lake Bloomington and of the tap water that is made from the lake water. The lake, which is the source of drinking water for Bloomington, Illinois (pop. 44,000), is surrounded by land that is farmed intensively - being mainly in maize and soybeans. Samples were collected monthly from May through October 1979 and concentrated 3,000× with XAD-2 resin. Nearly all of the lake and tap water concentrates were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence of S-9 mix, and the May tap water concentrate was highly mutagenic. In addition, many of the concentrates were toxic to the bacteria in the absence of S-9 mix. Chemical analysis of the highly mutagenic tap water concentrate from May revealed the presence of a number of organic contaminants that were absent from control concentrates prepared from deionized and distilled treated well water. In addition, unconcentrated lake and tap water were tested in a reverse-mutation test in maize (Zea mays); no mutagenicity was detected. This study indicates that the contamination of drinking water with agricultural and/or industrial chemicals may result in a potential health hazard.