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71.
Kuo-Sheng Hung MD Phd Chung-Ling Liang MD Cheng-Haung Wang MD Hsueh-Wen Chang PhD Naeun Park MS Suh-Hang Hank Juo MD PhD 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2004,11(8):849-853
Frontal intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a common result of cranial trauma. Outcome differences between bilateral and unilateral frontal ICH are not well studied but would be valuable to predict prognosis in clinical practice. Two aims are proposed in this study: first to compare the risk of developing delayed ICH after bilateral or unilateral frontal ICH, and second to determine the variables helpful to predict outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Between January 1993 and December 1997, 694 consecutive patients with traumatic ICH were admitted to the Chang Gung Medical Center within 24 h of the trauma. Patients with ICH in sites other than the frontal lobes were excluded. A total of 161 cases (mean age 46.3+/-20.3 years), including 57 bilateral (mean age 52.5+/-18.7 years) and 104 unilateral (mean age 42.9+/-20.5 years) traumatic frontal ICH were studied. Twenty-eight of 57 patients (49%) with bifrontal ICH versus 17 of 104 patients (16%) with unilateral frontal ICH had a further, delayed ICH. In 42 of 45 patients (93%) with delayed ICH, this occurred within 5 days of the initial trauma. Multivariate logistic regression was used to select significant predictors of outcome. We found that delayed ICH (p<0.001), age (p=0.004) and mechanism of injury (p=0.001) explained the worse outcome in patients with bifrontal ICH. The best-fitting logistic regression model included three variables: delayed ICH (p=0.011), initial GCS (p=0.023), and a sum score of clinical and radiological variables (p=0.003). Bifrontal ICH tended to occur in older patients after a fall and was associated with a higher risk of developing delayed ICH or brain stem compression compared to unilateral ICH damage. Using these three variables - delayed ICH, initial GCS, and the sum score - in a logistical regression model is useful to predict outcome in patients with traumatic frontal ICH and may aid patient management. 相似文献
72.
Currently few subjective measures of Quality of Life (QoL) are available for use in developing countries, which limits their theoretical, methodological, and practical contribution (for example, exploring the relationship between economic development and QoL, and ensuring effective and equitable service provision). One reason for this is the difficulty of ensuring that translated measures preserve conceptual, item, semantic, operational, measurement; and functional equivalence (Herdman, M., Fox-Rushby, J., & Badia, X. (1998). Quality of Life Research, 7, 331), which is illustrated by an account of the translation, pre-piloting, and administration of a new individualised QoL measure, the Global Person Generated Index or 'GPGI'. The GPGI is based on the widely used Patient Generated Index (Ruta, Camfield, & Martin, (2004) Quality of Life Research, 13, 1545.) and offers many of the advantages of the participatory approaches commonly used in developing countries, with added methodological rigour, and quantitative outcomes. It was successfully validated in Bangladesh, Thailand, and Ethiopia, using quantitative and qualitative methods--open-ended, semi-structured interviews (SSIs), conducted immediately post-administration. Both the measure and method of 'qualitative validation' described later in the paper offer an exciting alternative for future researchers and practitioners in this field. The quantitative results suggest the GPGI shows cultural sensitivity, and is able to capture both the areas that are important to respondents, and aspects of life one would expect to impact on QoL in developing countries. There were strong correlation between scores from the GPGI and SSIs for the area of health, and moderate correlations for 'material wellbeing' (MWB)('Material wellbeing' refers to respondents' perceptions of their achievement in the areas of farming, debt reduction, assets, crops, livestock, job, land, property, and agriculture) and children. Weak to moderate correlations were observed between the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the GPGI; however, the highest coefficient was between the GPGI and the most conceptually similar item. Statistically significant differences were seen in GPGI scores between rich and poor, urban and rural respondents, and different countries. Health and material wellbeing scores, derived from the SSIs, also showed a linear relationship with GPGI scores, with a suggestion of curvilinearity at the higher levels, as predicted by a general QoL causal model. In conclusion, the GPGI has great potential for use in this area, especially when supported by extensive interviewer training, and supplemented with a cognitive appraisal schedule. 相似文献
73.
Graves甲亢多种治疗方法对Graves眼病影响的系统评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 通过榆索、分析文献系统评价131I、手术、抗甲状腺药物(ATD)治疗Graves病(GD)对Graves眼病(GO)的影响.方法 检索了MEDIJNE(1966年-2006年3月)、EMBASE(1984-2005年)、The Cochrane Library(2006年第1期)、中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(EBMdisc,1978年1月-2006年4月)和中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI,1994-2006年)所收录的有关不同GD治疗方法对GO影响的文献,同时从参考文献中追溯文献.对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评价,根据是否采取预防甲状腺功能低下(简称甲低)发生的措施对纳入研究进行亚组分析,结果采用RevMan4.2软件进行统计学分析.结果 最终纳入随机对照研究5项,非随机对照研究2项,病例对照研究1项,共1625例患者.Meta分析显示:如GD治疗后早期未采取措施预防甲低,131I与手术治疗、131I与ATD治疗GD在诱发或加重GO以及减轻GO症状方面莘异有统计学意义[检验值分别为2.31,5.97,3.70,5.55;P均<0.05];如GD治疗后早期采取措施预防甲低,手术与ATD治疗GD在诱发或加重GO以及减轻GO症状方面差异无统计学意义(检验值分别为0.27,0.99;P均>0.05),尚无研究涉及131I治疗GD后早期采取甲低预防措施时131I对GO的影响.结论 若未及时采取甲低预防措施,131I较ATD、手术治疗GD更容易诱发或加重GO,减轻GO的症状却不如后两者,对于治疗前已有活动性GO的患者,应慎用131I. 相似文献
74.
切开复位内固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的探讨切开复位内固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法1999年10月-2005年4月,对62例平均年龄7.5岁的患儿,应用切开复位克氏针固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折。其中伸直尺偏型41例,伸直桡偏型18例,伸直中间型3例;无伴发血管、神经损伤和筋膜室间隔综合征。闭合性骨折47例,开放性骨折15例。结果术后56例获得随访,随访时间为6~15个月,平均11.5个月。所有骨折均获得愈合。根据Flynn标准进行疗效评价,其中优22例(占39.3%),良21例(37.5%),可9例(16.1%),差4例(7.1%)。伤后8h内手术的优良率为89.7%,伤后8h后手术的优良率为63.0%。直接手术治疗的优良率为90.1%,曾接受手法复位的优良率为67.7%。结论切开复位内固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折可取得满意的疗效,是安全、有效的治疗方法。 相似文献
75.
New sonographic techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masatoshi Kudo 《Hepatology research》2007,37(S2):S193-S199
Ultrasound (US) contrast agents such as Levovist and Sonazoid are now commercially available in Japan. Innovative contrast agents and ultrasound technologies have dramatically changed both diagnostic and treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Contrast-enhanced US is extremely useful in the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors as well as in evaluation of post-treatment response of HCC after lipiodol transarterial chemoembolization and radio frequency ablation. Harmonic US sensitively detects residual cancer cells in HCC patients after treatment, to facilitate accurate guidance for needle insertion for US monitoring; no other imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have such capability. In 2005, the breakthrough technology of pure arterial phase imaging, which depicts only intranodular arterial accumulated maximum intensity projection images, was developed from advanced raw data storing and accumulation technologies. This technique can clearly identify whether blood supplyin the tumor is of arterial or portal origin, to facilitate the non-invasive characterization of nodular lesions associated with liver cirrhosis. Again, CT or MRI do not have such capabilities. This innovative technique can help differentiate premalignant lesions from overt HCC. Concurrent real-time imaging of multi-detector CT and US, known as real-time virtual sonography, has recently become available. This technique greatly facilitates the treatment guidance for HCC. These newly introduced sonographic techniques are dramatically changing the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HCC, which are expected to improve the prognosis of HCC patients. 相似文献
76.
D. M. Jensen P. Damm B. Sørensen L. Mølsted-Pedersen J. G. Westergaard L. Korsholm P. Ovesen H. Beck-Nielsen 《Diabetic medicine》2003,20(1):51-57
AIMS: To study if established diagnostic threshold values for gestational diabetes based on a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test can be supported by maternal and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: Historical cohort study of 3260 pregnant women examined for gestational diabetes on the basis of risk indicators. Information on oral glucose tolerance test results and clinical outcomes were collected from medical records. RESULTS: There was an increased risk of delivering a macrosomic infant in women with 2-h capillary blood glucose of 7.8-8.9 mmol/l compared with women with 2-h glucose < 7.8 mmol/l. Despite treatment, 2-h glucose of 9.0-11.0 mmol/l and > or = 11.1 mmol/l were both associated with increased rates of macrosomia, spontaneous preterm delivery, hypertensive complications, and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Adverse outcomes tended to be more frequent in women with 2-h glucose > or = 11.1 mmol/l than in women with 2-h glucose of 9.0-11.0 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: The risk for several maternal and perinatal complications increased with the diagnostic threshold for 2-h glucose. Large-scale blinded studies are needed to clarify the question of a clinically meaningful diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Until these results are available, a 2-h threshold level of 9.0 mmol/l after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test seems acceptable. 相似文献
77.
M. Hoogewerf J. J. Oosterheert E. Hak I. M. Hoepelman M. J. M. Bonten 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2006,12(11):1097-1104
For patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), clinical response during the first days of treatment is predictive of clinical outcome. As risk assessments can improve the efficiency of pneumonia management, a prospective cohort study to assess clinical, biochemical and microbiological predictors of early clinical failure was conducted in patients with severe CAP (pneumonia severity index score of >90 or according to the American Thoracic Society definition). Failure was assessed at day 3 and was defined as death, a need for mechanical ventilation, respiratory rate >25/min, PaO2 <55 mm Hg, oxygen saturation <90%, haemodynamic instability, temperature >38 degrees C or confusion. Of 260 patients, 80 (31%) had early clinical failure, associated mainly with a respiratory rate >25/minute (n = 34), oxygen saturation <90% (n = 28) and confusion (n = 20). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, failure was associated independently with altered mental state (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.75-5.80), arterial PaH <7.35 mm Hg (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.53-12.05) and PaO2 <60 mm Hg (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.97-3.15). A history of heart failure was associated inversely with clinical failure (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.96). Patients who failed to respond had a higher 28-day mortality rate and a longer hospital stay. It was concluded that routine clinical and biochemical information can be used to predict early clinical failure in patients with severe CAP. 相似文献
78.
手部皮肤套脱伤的治疗 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
目的探讨手部皮肤套脱伤的治疗方法。方法2002年4月-2004年11月,治疗22例手部皮肤套脱伤患者,其中19例分别通过吻合血管、套脱皮肤修薄回植及多切口引流等方法进行修复。另有3例,因无法行套脱皮肤回植而采用腹部带蒂皮瓣修复。结果术后随访3个月-1年。19例套脱皮肤原位回植患者中,13例皮肤完全成活,4例有部分皮缘坏死,经中药换药后愈合,2例行切痂植皮术后治愈。手功能按ATN功能评分评定:优9例,良7例,中3例,优良率为84%,患者对手外形及功能满意。3例腹部皮瓣修复者,皮瓣全部成活。术后随访5个月-1年,手外形及功能明显差于皮肤原位回植者。结论尽可能地回植手部套脱皮肤,对手功能及外形的恢复具有重要意义。 相似文献
79.
80.
目的 探讨精神分裂症记忆功能与精神症状和疗效的关系。方法 对 88例精神分裂症患者分别给予奎的平、舒必利、维思通治疗。采用PANSS量表评定精神症状 ,修订韦氏成人记忆量表 (WMS -RC)测查记忆功能(治疗前用甲式 ,治疗后用乙式 )分别于治疗前、治疗后第 6周末各评一次 ,并采用Pearson相关分析和多元逐步回归进行分析。结果 治疗前记忆商数与阴性症状、一般病理性症状、PANSS总分呈显著负相关 ,与阳性症状无相关性 ;多元逐步回归分析显示治疗前记忆商数与阴性症状关系最密切 ;治疗后记忆商数增加值与阴性症状的减分值呈显著正相关 (r=0 337,P <0 0 1,88例 ) ;治疗前记忆商数与治疗第 6周末的阴性症状减分值、一般病理性症状减分值呈显著负相关 (r =- 0 2 6 5 ,P <0 0 5 ;r =- 0 2 35 ,P <0 0 5 ,88例 )。结论 本研究支持精神分裂症记忆损害与阴性症状存在相似的病理机制假说。 相似文献