基因芯片检测慢性乙肝患者HBV-DNA变异的临床研究

目的应用新型基因芯片研究乙肝病毒多点基因变异在慢性乙肝患者中的意义，为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。方法对132例慢性乙肝患者采用DNA芯片技术，检测HBV—DNA基因6个位点的变异。结果132例慢性乙型肝炎患者均存在HBV—DNA位点的变异，其中前C区1896G—A变异率为23．5％。e抗原阳性者占4．O％（4／74）。e抗体阳性者占48．3％（28／58），后者变异株显著高于前者，此突变有助于HBV逃避免疫攻击而形成慢性感染状态；前C区1814变异率为3．8％；C区启动子1762变异率为56．1％，1764变异率为53．8％，且两种变异常同时出现，与重型肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌的发生相关；P区528变异率为9．8％，552M—I变异率38．6％，552M—V变异率为10．6％，552变异与核苷类似物耐药相关。结论HBV—DNA位点变异对于判定疾病的稳定与进展有重要作用。     

PCR-SSCP快速检测耐多药结核分枝杆菌

目的:了解本地区结核病耐药基因突变情况,探讨PCR-SSCP作为新的分子药敏试验方法在临床的应用价值。方法:通过提取耐INH、RFP、SM的肺结核患者痰中结核分枝杆菌DNA,进行PCR-SSCP分析,检测结核分枝杆菌rpoB、katG、rpsL基因是否存在突变,并与传统L-J药敏实验对照。结果:30株耐多药株中,耐RPF、INH、SM基因突变阳性率为90%(27/30)、63%(19/30)、53%(16/30)。3个基因联合突变共8株(26.7%),2个基因联合突变共18株(60%),即26株(86.7%)。单基因突变共2株,2株无基因突变。结论:通过PCR-SSCP方法可检测出绝大部分耐多药结核病的耐药基因,rpoB、katG、rpsL基因突变与本地区结核杆菌对RFP、INH、SM耐药性有关。与传统L-J药敏实验对比,PCR-SSCP是一种敏感、快速的指导临床用药的先进检测方法。     

内蒙古经典型苯丙酮尿症PAH基因外显子11突变的检测

目的：研究内蒙古地区经典型苯丙酮尿症（PKU）苯丙氨酸羟化酶（PAH）基因突变的特点和频率，以提高该地区PKU的基因诊断率。方法：应用PCR—SSCP-银染法和DNA直接测序的方法，对22例内蒙古地区PKU病人PAH基因外显子11进行了检测。站果：检出一种已知突变Y356X（TAC→TAA），突变频率为13．6％。结论：内蒙古地区PKU病人PAH基因外显子11的突变频率均高于我国的其它北方人群，也高于云南PKU病人的突变频率，这为内蒙古地区PKU病人PAH基因分析和产前诊断提供了科学依据。     

先天性无痛无汗症1例并文献复习

报告2018年10月收治的1例先天性无痛无汗症,患者年龄32 d,采集患儿及其父母外周血进行医学外显子 5 000种疾病筛查,并对候选基因变异进行Sanger测序验证。患儿主要临床表现为无痛、无汗、反复发热。基因分子遗 传学分析结果提示在患儿遗传性感觉和自主神经病4型等疾病相关基因神经营养因子酪氨酸激酶受体1型(neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1,NTRK1)中存在复合杂合突变(c.36G>A和c.851-33T>A)。结果显示两个突变分别来自父母 双方。c.851-33T>A为既往已报道致病突变,c.36G>A为未报道的突变,该突变可导致色氨酸转变成终止密码子。对于 无明确致病报道的点突变,进一步参考美国医学遗传学和基因组学学院(ACMG)基因突变解读指南,评估其为致病基 因,生物学危害性为可能有害。先天性无痛无汗症临床罕见,该病为单基因遗传病,基因分子遗传学分析有助于诊 断及发现新的基因突变。     

Peters异常PITX2及PAX6基因型表型分析

目的：分析中国人Peters异常(PA)患者的临床特征,研究Peters异常患者PITX2及PAX6基因变异情况。

方法：选取2016/2019年在常州市第二人民医院及第三人民医院眼科就诊的15例Peters异常患者,并收集详细的相关临床资料。征得患者及其家系成员的同意后抽血制备基因组DNA,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对致病基因PITX2及PAX6的编码区及其临接内含子进行扩增后,直接测序筛查中国人群Peters异常患者PITX2及PAX6基因变异,异源双链-单链构象多态性分析(HA-SSCP)的方法对突变患者及其家系成员及80例正常对照进行验证; 分析比较国内已报道的Peters异常患者PITX2及PAX6基因突变并研究其相关表型。

结果：Peters异常患者15例PITX2基因突变筛查结果发现了1种新PITX2的突变c.296delG(P.R99fsx56),导致该基因的功能异常,分析突变患者临床特征,该患者右眼诊断为Axenfeld-Rieger综合征(ARS),左眼诊断为Peters异常。而家系成员中该患者父母及无亲缘关系的正常对照者均未发现相同突变,故此突变为新生突变。PAX6基因突变筛查未能发现突变。

结论：PA患者15例中检测到1个新PITX2基因突变,丰富了PITX2基因突变频谱,进一步明确了PA合并ARS眼病的临床特点,为该种少见眼病的临床诊断和发病原因提供了依据。     

Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel mutations in genes responsible for retinitis pigmentosa in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families

AIM: To detect the pathogenetic mutations responsible for nonsyndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families. METHODS: The clinical data, including detailed medical history, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, static perimetry, and full field electroretinogram, were collected from the members of 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families preliminarily diagnosed with RP. Genomic DNA was extracted from the probands and other available family members; whole-exome sequencing was conducted with the DNA samples provided by the probands, and all mutations detected by whole-exome sequencing were verified using Sanger sequencing in the probands and the other available family members. The verified novel mutations were further sequenced in 192 ethnicity matched healthy controls. RESULTS: The patients from the 2 families exhibited the typical symptoms of RP, including night blindness and progressive constriction of the visual field, and the fundus examinations showed attenuated retinal arterioles, peripheral bone spicule pigment deposits, and waxy optic discs. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense mutation in FAM161A (c.943A>T, p.Lys315*) and compound heterozygous mutations in RP1L1 (c.56C>A, p.Pro19His; c.5470C>T, p.Gln1824*). The nonsense c.5470C>T, p.Gln1824* mutation was novel. All mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. The mutation p.Lys315* in FAM161A co-segregated with the phenotype, and all the nonsense mutations were absent from the ethnicity matched healthy controls and all available databases. CONCLUSION: We identify 2 novel mutations in genes responsible for autosomal recessive RP, and the mutation in FAM161A is reported for the first time in a Chinese population. Our result not only enriches the knowledge of the mutation frequency and spectrum in the genes responsible for nonsyndromic RP but also provides a new target for future gene therapy.     

四氢生物蝶呤反应性苯丙氨酸羟化酶缺乏症的临床与基因研究

目的 探讨四氢生物蝶呤（tetrahydrobiopterin,BH4）反应性苯丙氨酸羟化酶（phenylalanine hydroxylase,PAH）缺乏症临床表型和基因型的关系。方法 38例高苯丙氨酸血症（hyperphenylalaninemia,HPA）患儿均进行口服BH。负荷试验（20ms／kg）或Phe-BH。联合负荷试验,同时进行尿蝶呤谱分析、红细胞二氢蝶啶还原酶（dihyaropteridine reductase,DHPR）测定。对7例BH4反应性PAH缺乏症患儿采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和单链构象多态性（single strand conformation polymorphism,SSCP）分析对PAH外显子进行突变筛检,并结合DNA直接测序方法进行突变分析。结果 确诊10例BH4反应性PAH缺乏症患儿,男6例,女4例;平均年龄7．8个月;生化代谢表型均为轻度或中度HPA。7例BH4反应性PAH缺乏症患儿PAH基因型分别为S70del／-、R241C／R243Q、S70del／A389G、Y166X／-、R11lX/-、EX6-96A〉G／R241C和IVS4-1G〉A／R241C。A389G是新发现的突变基因型。结论 BH4反应性PAH缺乏症多表现为轻、中度HPA生化代谢表型,R241C是BH4反应性相关突变基因型中较常见的一种类型。推测S70del可能是一种BH4反应性相关突变类型.     

Management of the wound care clinic during the novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic period: Sharing of management experience in a general hospital of China

With the surge in the confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, medical resources in many countries have been put on red alert levels. The operation management systems of hospitals, including wound care clinics, must be innovated to ensure the normal operation of the hospital and meet the medical care needs of the people. At the same time, scientific control measures are also required to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the hospital. Actually, during the novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic, emergency management methods for wound care clinics such as online appointments and remote online diagnosis and treatment, the rational arrangement of human resources, the scientific implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures, and the strict implementation of the management of the clinic environment and item disinfection measures to strengthen the management of protective materials, wound care materials, and dressing equipment by partition have been introduced and innovated, thus helping reduce the gathering of people in wound care clinics, create a safe medical environment, and avoid the spread of the novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by diagnosis and treatment.     

Leber遗传性视神经病变一家系的线粒体分子遗传学研究

背景Leber遗传性视神经病变（LHON）是由线粒体DNA（mtDNA）遗传的可致盲眼病,了解DNA突变位点对该疾病发生的影响具有重要意义。目的分析一个Leber遗传性视神经病变家系mtDNA突变与疾病发生之间的关系。方法收集江西省鹰潭市一个LHON家系中72名母系成员进行系谱分析和突变基因筛选,对其中的11例患者、13例突变基因携带者和49名正常者进行常规眼科检查,按照视力损害的程度分级,视力〉0．3者为正常,0．1～0．3者为轻度损害,〈0．05～0．1者为中度损害,〈0．02～0．05者为重度损害,〈0．01者为极重度损害,分析该家系的临床特征。收集受检者周围静脉血2—4ml进行单个核细胞分离,用改进高盐法提取mtDNA,进行PCR扩增,对突变基因位点进行DNA测序。结果突变基因的PCR扩增产物DNA测序结果显示72名受检的家系成员中,有24例同时具有G11778A和T14502C两个突变位点,包括11例LHON患者,其余13名为突变基因携带者,但至今尚未发病,故该家系的LHON外显率不足50％,而其他家系成员未检测到G11778A和T14502C突变位点。11例患者的发病年龄为8～50岁,平均为24．36岁,显著低于13例基因携带者年龄5～72岁,平均40．38岁,差异有统计学意义（t=2．102,P=0．049）。结论该家系成员的线粒体DNAC11778A和T14502C突变是LHON发病的主要原因,原发性mtDNA突变为LHON发病所必需,但其并非充分条件,一个有效的“二次打击”过程同样具有重要的作用。