Hepatoblastoma presenting with focal nodular hyperplasia after treatment of neuroblastoma

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign, poorly understood hepatic tumor that is rare in children. Although there is no evidence for malignant degeneration, FNH can occur adjacent to a malignancy. Here, the case of a 4-year-old boy with a hepatic mass and history of stage IV neuroblastoma is presented. Initial imaging and core-needle biopsy were consistent with FNH. However, after left lateral segmentectomy, pathologic examination revealed a malignant tumor most consistent with small cell undifferentiated hepatoblastoma as well as 3 foci of FNH in the surrounding parenchyma.     

Radiological findings in a case of multiple focal nodular hyperplasia associated with portal vein atresia and portopulmonary hypertension

We present here the radiological findings of a rare case of multiple focal nodular hyperplasia that was associated with portal vein atresia and portopulmonary hypertension in a young woman. This case illustrates and supports the pathophysiological hypotheses that were previously proposed for the coexistence of these three abnormalities.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的：分析肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的平扫和动态增强的MRI表现及诊断价值，提高FNH诊断的准确率。方法：回顾性分析15例（16个病灶）经病理证实的FNH的平扫及动态增强MRI表现。结果：16个病灶于T1WI呈略低信号或等信号，T2WI呈略高信号或等信号。增强扫描动脉期呈明显强化，在门脉期及延迟期呈等或略高强化。5个病灶在平扫MRI上显示中央瘢痕，11个病灶在动态增强MRI上显示中央瘢痕，均见延迟强化。结论：平扫和动态增强MRI检查能较全面显示FNH的病理特征和血供特点，明显地提高与其他富血管恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力。     

小于3 cm肝细胞腺瘤和肝局灶性结节增生超声造影特征对比

目的 对比分析最大径<3 cm的肝细胞腺瘤（HCA）和肝局灶性结节增生（FNH）的超声造影（CEUS）特征，探讨CEUS对两者的鉴别诊断价值。方法 收集经手术后穿刺病理证实的25个最大径<3 cm的HCA和48个最大径<3 cm的FNH病灶，经外周静脉团注造影剂SonoVue后，观察两者动脉期增强方式、门脉期及延迟期增强强度、滋养动脉、中央瘢痕、包膜下增强血管影等表现。结果 最大径<3 cm的HCA和FNH病灶在动脉期均表现为快速增强，其中，HCA以整体增强（21个，84.0%）为主，FNH以泉涌状增强（41个，85.4%）为主（P<0.001）。门脉期，HCA减退呈低回声增强（10个，40%）,FNH表现为高回声增强（10个，20.8%）或等回声增强（38个，79.2%;P<0.001）；延迟期，分别有13个（52.0%）HCA和2个（4.2%）FNH减退呈低回声增强（P=0.003）。HCA滋养动脉检出率低于FNH(12.0%vs 52.1%,P=0.001);HCA包膜下增强血管影检出率显著高于FNH(56.0%vs 10.4%,P<0....     

Visceral leishmaniasis with multiple nodular lesions of the liver and spleen:

Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe disease caused by the intracellular protozoa Leishmania donovani. Diagnosis is based on examination of bone marrow or serology. The role of imaging techniques as diagnostic tools remains to be established in visceral leishmaniasis. We report multiple nodular lesions in the liver and spleen on ultrasonography and computed tomography in a patient with visceral leishmaniasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of multiple nodular hepatosplenic lesions in visceral leishmaniasis.     

Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: dynamic CT findings

Most carcinoid tumors involve the gastrointestinal tract or respiratory system. Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor is a rare entity. A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. She was diagnosed with primary hepatic carcinoid tumor based on radiologic and laboratory findings, namely a mass in the fifth segment of the liver and markedly elevated levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in the urine. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings of the resected liver segment showed a malignant carcinoid tumor of the liver. This case is of interest because of the rarity of this neoplasm. This report describes the case and reviews the clinical features, radiologic findings, and treatment in previously reported cases.     

Power Doppler imaging and evaluation of the resistive index in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver

Focal lesions of the liver represent a significant diagnostic problem for various imaging modalities. The aim of this study was to assess the value of power Doppler sonography versus conventional color Doppler imaging in the depiction of hypervascular focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver and to investigate the resistive index (RI) in the lesions' feeding arteries. Eighteen histologically proved FNHs in 14 patients were evaluated by gray-scale ultrasound, conventional color Doppler, and power Doppler sonography. With conventional color Doppler, a feeding arterial vessel could be depicted in only 4/18 lesions and hypervascularization was detected in 6/18 lesions. Power Doppler was more sensitive in detecting feeding arteries (16/18) within hypervascular lesions (15/18). RI values in the feeding arteries (mean = 0.51) significantly differed from those in the main hepatic artery or its intraparenchymal branches (mean = 0.68) in the same patient. The mean RI-difference was 0.19, suggesting hemodynamically significant arteriovenous shunting. Power Doppler sonography significantly increases sensitivity in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and reliably permits the distinction of these lesions from hepatocellular carcinomas. Received: 17 January 1996/Accepted after revision: 8 May 1996     

Prenatal diagnosis of periventricular nodular heterotopia in borderline ventriculomegaly using sonography and magnetic resonance imaging

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is usually missed on prenatal sonographic examinations, even on targeted scans. Irregular ventricular walls on axial view and irregular square‐shaped lateral ventricles on coronal view are suggestive of PNH in the early third trimester. To achieve an early prenatal diagnosis, it is important to keep in mind the possible coexistence of PNH with brain malformations such as ventriculomegaly, posterior fossa anomalies, or agenesis of corpus callosum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44 :510–513, 2016