Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Vitamin B12 Levels in Demented Patients with CH3—B12 Treatment—Preliminary Study—

Abstract: The vitamin B12 (VB12) parameter was studied in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 demented patients. Eleven of these patients were in a state of dementia of the degenerative type such as Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia and Pick's disease. The serum VB12 concentration in all the patients was within normal limits, I.e. 500–1,300 pg/ml. There was no significant difference between the CSF-VBl2 levels and the severity of dementia. The serum and CSF-VB12 levels of the demented patients did not show any significant elevation after the oral administration of CH3–Bl2, 2 mg per day. On the other hand, there was a marked elevation of both the serum and CSF-VB12 after an oral medication (2 mg per day) plus intramuscular administrations (500 μg per day). These results confirm that the intramuscular administration of CH3–B12 is an effective way to get a higher value of the serum and CSF-VB12 levels.     

结核分枝杆菌Ag85B/GST融合蛋白表达载体构建及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的 构建结核分枝杆菌Ag85B／GSF融合蛋白表达质粒，并在大肠杆菌(E．coli)中诱导表达。方法 以质粒pUC18／Ag85B为模板，用PCR法扩增结核杆菌Ag85B基因，扩增的Ag85B上游含有EcoR Ⅰ酶切位点，下游含有SalⅠ酶切位点；将Ag85B基因定向插入质粒pGEX-4T-1中，构建原核表达质粒pGEX-Ag85B并转化E．coli B121，筛选阳性重组子，限制性内切酶切鉴定和DNA序列测定，异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达，SDS-PAGE和Westem blot鉴定结果。结果 成功构建原核表达质粒pGEX-Ag85B并表达出Mr约56000大小的Ag85B／GSY融合蛋白，表达量占总菌体的30％。结论 为进一步进行纯化Ag85B蛋白和研究其在膀胱肿瘤治疗中的作用奠定了基础。     

Allergen activates peripheral blood eosinophil nuclear factor-κB to generate granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8

BACKGROUND: Allergic inflammation is characterized by the influx and activation of eosinophils. Cytokines generated by both resident and infiltrating cells are responsible for the initiation and maintenance of this pathogenesis. This study focuses on allergen-induced activation of eosinophil NF-kappaB and generation of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), TNF-alpha, and IL-8. METHODS: Peripheral blood eosinophils were enriched to >99.9% by Percoll gradient sedimentation and negative magnetic affinity chromatography. NF-kappaB activation by 10 microg/mL house dust mite (HDM) extract was demonstrated immunocytochemically using a monoclonal antibody against the active form of NF-kappaB (NF-kappaBa). The authenticity of NF-kappaB was confirmed by Western blot. Cytokine production was assessed both by immuno-staining of eosinophils and by assay of cytokines in the cell supernatant. RESULTS: Activation of peripheral blood eosinophils from atopic, but not non-atopic, donors induced activation of NF-kappaB, which peaked at 4 h and was accompanied by a decline in IkappaB-alpha. The activation of authentic NF-kappaB was confirmed in gel shift assays. Supershift assays showed p65 to be the major subunit of eosinophil NF-kappaB. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy demonstrated localization of NF-kappaBa to the nucleus. Following activation, cytokine immunoreactivity was seen in a fraction of the eosinophils and cytokines were released into the supernatant. The NF-kappaB inhibitors, calpain inhibitor 1 (10 microm), pentoxifylline (0.5 mm), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 10 microm) or gliotoxin (1 pg/mL) reduced the generation of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-8 in parallel with their inhibition of NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS: HDM allergen activates human eosinophil NF-kappaB leading to the production of the cytokines GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-8. We speculate that a role for eosinophil NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines is to act as an autocrine loop augmenting the survival of eosinophils in vivo.     

抗乙型肝炎病毒药物疗效的比较

慢性乙型肝炎治疗相当复杂,抗病毒治疗是关键.已被批准的6种抗病毒药物大多已广泛应用于临床,抗病毒治疗取得很大的进展.此文对常用的几种抗病毒药物疗效进行综述.     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远段骨折24例体会

目的 总结股骨逆行交锁髓内钉应用的适应症、优点及其疗效.方法 2001年6月～2006年3月,采用切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定,治疗股骨远段骨折24例,早期行膝关节功能锻炼.结果 22例获随访,全部骨性愈合,功能恢复良好,无膝痛、跛行、膝关节僵直等.结论 股骨逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远段骨折具有明显优势,固定牢固、坚强,功能恢复快,并发症少等优点,手术不需要C臂X线机和骨科手术牵引床,适合基层医院临床应用.     

Influence of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors in the immune response triggered by renal ischemia–reperfusion injury

Bradykinin B1 receptors are exclusively expressed in inflamed tissues. For this reason, they have been related with the outcomes of several pathologies. Ischemia–reperfusion injury is caused by the activation of inflammatory and cytoprotective genes, such as macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 and heme oxygenase-1, respectively. This study was aimed to analyze the involvement of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R) in tissue response after renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. For that, B1R (B1−/−), B2R (B2−/−) knockout animals and its control (wild-type mice, B1B2+/+) were subjected to renal bilateral ischemia, followed by 24, 48 and 120 h of reperfusion. At these time points, blood serum samples were collected for creatinine and urea dosages. Kidneys were harvested for histology and molecular analyses by real-time PCR. At 24 and 48 h of reperfusion, B1−/− group resulted in the lowest serum creatinine and urea levels, indicating less renal damage, which was proved by renal histology. Renal protection associated with B1−/− mice was also related with higher expression of HO-1 and lower expression of MCP-1. In conclusion, the absence of B1R had a protective role against inflammatory responses developed after renal ischemia–reperfusion injury.     

The Effect of Desensitization Protocols on Human Splenic B-Cell Populations In Vivo

Rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) all have been suggested to have an effect on antibody producing cells, however, supporting data are lacking. To assess the impact of these agents on splenic B‐cell populations in vivo, we retrospectively examined 25 spleens removed from patients treated with these agents as part of desensitization protocols in either ABO incompatible or positive crossmatch living donor kidney transplantation. These were compared to control (CTL) spleens removed for trauma. CTLs and spleens removed at transplant after multiple pretransplant plasmaphereses (PP) plus low‐dose IVIG showed similar large numbers of naïve B cells (CD20⁺ and CD79⁺), plasma cells (CD138⁺) and memory B cells (CD27⁺ cells). Adding rituximab to this PP/IVIG regimen reduced the number naïve B cells, but had no effect on memory or plasma cells. Combination treatment (PP/IVIG, rituximab and rATG) showed a trend toward the reduction of CD27⁺ cells, but again plasma cells were unchanged. We conclude that none of these protocols reduces splenic plasma cells in vivo. PP/low‐dose IVIG does not alter splenic B cells, but the addition of rituximab decreases mature B cells. Memory B cells may be affected by combination therapy including rATG and requires further study.     

Synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors: Problems and prospects

This review is devoted to the problem of induction of differently directed NMDA-dependent longterm plasticity in the central nervous system and their transformation into pathological changes. Their hypothetical mechanisms and the corresponding experimental data are discussed. Special attention is paid to the functional characteristics of synaptic and extrasynaptic NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B receptors, their different involvement in the spatiotemporal organization of Ca²⁺ signaling, and peculiarities of biochemical reactions of the cell. The possible structural reorganization of NMDA receptors as one of the kinds of plasticity is also analyzed.     

慢性乙型病毒性肝炎治疗新方法

就当前慢性乙肝治疗的新方法、新进展作一综述。     

复合维生素E,C,B组合物面膜治疗寻常痤疮117例的疗效和安全性(英文)

目的:了解维生素E,C,B组合物面膜治疗寻常痤疮的疗效及安全性。方法:117例13a以上、痤疮严重程度分级在2级以上且主要表现于脸部的病人,予维生素E,C,B组合物面膜治疗,每日1次,共8wk。观察治疗前后痤疮数量及性质,包括粉刺、丘疹、脓疱及囊肿之数目,并评估整体疗效。结果:治疗后,粉刺、丘疹、脓疱及囊肿数目下降了13±s13,10±12,5±7及3±3,均P<0.01。7例(6.0%)病人症状完全改善,44例(37.6%)中度改善,56例(47.9%)轻度改善,10例(8.6%)无改善。59例(50.4%)病人无红肿、搔痒、灼热及脱皮等现象发生。结论:维生素E,C,B组合物面膜治疗痤疮有效,超过半数的受试者无不良反应发生,可作为传统治疗寻常痤疮药物的替代。