Correlations between effective permeability and marrow contact channels surface of vertebral endplates

Homeostasis of the intervertebral disc relies on nutrient supply and waste clearance through the dense capillary network that is in contact with the cartilage endplate (CEP). We developed a micro‐computerized tomography (micro‐CT) method to quantify the marrow contact channel surface (MCCS) with the CEP and to validate the hypothesis according to which MCCS was correlated to the effective permeability of the vertebral endplate (VEP) and influenced by the mechanical stimuli. The influence of compression loading on local vascularization was investigated. Six 4‐week‐old skeletally immature pigs were instrumented with left pedicle screws and rod at both T5–T6 and L1–L2 levels to create asymmetrical spine tethers. After 3 months of growth, three cylindrical specimens of the VEP (one central and two lateral right and left) were obtained from both the instrumented and the control levels. We used a previously validated method for measuring permeability. Micro‐CT analysis (resolution 12 µm) yielded a gray‐scale 2D‐image of the discal end of each specimen converted into a binary 2D‐image to derive the MCCS. Correlations between MCCS and effective permeability were assessed. Effective permeability and MCCS were significantly decreased compared to the control group especially on the tethered side (?41.5%, p = 0.004 and ?52.5%, p = 0.0009, respectively). Correlations were significant and showed maximal value (r² = 0.430, p < 0.0001) on the tethered side involving maximal compressive loadings. Mechanical stimuli, due to unbalanced growth, altered the vascularization and the convective properties of the CEP. The cascade of mechanobiological events should offer perspectives for research on disc degeneration and attempted treatment. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1229–1234, 2010     

Synthesis of N‐(2,5‐dimethoxybenzyl)‐N‐(5‐fluoro‐2‐phenoxyphenyl)[carbonyl‐11C]acetamide ([carbonyl‐11C]DAA1106) and analogues using [11C]carbon monoxide and palladium(0) complex

N‐(2,5‐Dimethoxybenzyl)‐N‐(5‐fluoro‐2‐phenoxyphenyl)acetamide (DAA1106), a potent and selective ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, and eight structurally related analogues were labelled with ¹¹C at the carbonyl position using a low concentration of [¹¹C]carbon monoxide and the micro‐autoclave technique. A combinatorial approach was applied to synthesize the analogues using similar reaction conditions. Palladium‐mediated carbonylation using tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, various amines and methyl iodide or iodobenzene was employed in the synthesis. The ¹¹C‐labelled products were obtained with 10–55% decay‐corrected radiochemical yields and the final product was more than 97% pure in all cases. Specific radioactivity was determined for the compound [carbonyl‐¹¹C]DAA1106 using a single experiment and a 10‐µA h bombardment. The specific radioactivity, measured 36 min after end of bombardment, was 455 GBq/µmol. Synthetic routes to the precursors and reference compounds were also developed. The presented approach is a novel method for the synthesis of [carbonyl‐¹¹C]DAA1106 and its analogues, and allows the formation of a library of ¹¹C‐labelled DAA1106 analogues which can be used to optimize the performance as a potential positron emission tomography tracer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

医学形态学教学方法的革命—显微数码互动系统

显微数码互动系统是医学形态学教学领域重要的先进数字化设备,本文总结了传统医学形态学教学方法的局限性,回顾了显微数码互动系统的发展历程,介绍了第二代系统的组成特点,揭示了在促进医学形态学实验教学领域的教、学、考三个方面改革的重要作用。     

Amsco Reliance 777全自动多舱室清洗 /消毒柜故障分析

探讨了Amsco777全自动多舱室清洗/消毒柜的功能和一些常见故障的分析.     

电脑微量泵持续注射肾上腺素对室颤兔血流动力学的影响

目的 研究肾上腺素采用电脑微量注射泵持续给药对室颤兔血流动力学的影响. 方法 采用开胸心外膜下电刺激法制备室颤动物模型,将实验兔20只随机分成2组,分别为肾上腺素持续给药组与间断给药组,测主动脉收缩压(ASP) 、主动脉舒张压(AOD) 、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压 (CVP) 、颅内压(ICP),计算冠状动脉灌注压(CoPP)、脑灌注压(CePP)及观察两组对室颤兔自主循环恢复(ROSC)率的影响. 结果 两组CePP差异有显著性(P＜0.05),两组CoPP和ROSC率差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05). 结论 肾上腺素持续给药能维持更持久且高的脑灌注压,保证稳定的血流动力学.采用电脑微量泵持续给药是肾上腺素理想的给药方式.     

轴-径流组合搅拌系统在发酵罐中的应用研究

对轴一径流组合搅拌系统进行了研究，提出在大型发酵罐设计中，同功率下，轴．径流组合搅拌系统与传统的径流组合搅拌系统相比较，能够增强罐内宏观液流，改善罐内微观液流，两者兼顾，从而达到更好的气一液分散、传质、混合、传热效果，改善发酵代谢过程。     

头皮发际区微针法治疗原发性痛经的临床研究

目的探索一种治疗原发性痛经的方法。方法60例原发性痛经患者随机分为两组。观测组用头皮发际区微针法，对照组用口服药物疗法。测定两组月经血前列腺素F2a（PGF2a）含量。结果观测组疗效（80．00％）高于对照组（73．33％）。治疗前后两组月经血PGF2a含量改变自身比较均有极显著意义（P〈0．01）；治疗前后两组月经血PGF2a含量差值之差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论头皮发际区微针法对于原发性痛经患者具有确切疗效，其治疗机理与降低月经血中PGF2a含量相关。     

改良微创颅内血肿清除术治疗大量脑出血26例疗效观察

目的：探讨微创颅内血肿清除术应用于治疗高血压大量脑出血的可行性。方法：选择26例微创手术治疗的，和24例小骨窗手术治疗的高血压脑出血病例，从格拉斯哥评分、再出血机率、血肿残留量、颅内感染率、死亡率5个方面进行对比。结果：微创治疗组和小骨窗手术组比较：（1）3天后（X^2=1．872，P=0．171），（2）5天后血肿残留量（t=0．8418，P=0．4051），（3）再出血率（X^2=0．43，P=0．509），（4）颅内感染率（X^2=1．083，P=0.298），（5）死亡率（X^2=0．437，P=0．509），均元统计学意义。结论：改良微创颅内血肿清除术可以应用于大量脑出血的治疗。     

Measurement of cell proliferation and cell mediated contraction in 3-dimensional hydrated collagen matrices

Summary This report describes simplified methods for the preparation of reconstituted collagen gels containing a uniform distribution of anchorage dependent cells in 96-well microtitration plates, their dissolution with collagenase allow harvesting of either cells or medium, and objective analytical methods for measuring cell mediated contraction of collagen gels and [³ H]thymidine incorporation rates.To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at Opthalmic Research Unit, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, GPO Box X2213, PERTh 6001, Western Australia.     

Differential expression of the calcium sensing receptor and combined loss of chromosomes 1q and 11q in parathyroid carcinoma

Malignant transformation of parathyroid tumours is rare. Nevertheless, this small subset of malignant tumours often creates diagnostic and therapeutic problems. In this work, the morphological characteristics of 26 primary parathyroid carcinomas and seven metastases have been studied. Furthermore, immunohistochemical expression profiles for the calcium sensing receptor (CASR), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and Ki-67 were determined for parathyroid carcinomas and compared with adenomas and hyperplasias using a tissue microarray. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the chromosome 1q region containing the HRPT2 gene and chromosome 11q (MEN1) was determined in the carcinomas. In contrast to the adenomas and hyperplasias, 31% of carcinomas demonstrated down-regulation of CASR. A significant correlation was found between CASR expression and the Ki-67 proliferation index. Chromosome 1q and chromosome 11q LOH were found in 12 of 22 (55%) and 11 of 22 (50%) carcinomas tested, respectively. Combined 1q and 11q LOH was seen in 8 of 22 (36%) carcinomas, in contrast to the low percentage of LOH reported in both regions in adenomas. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that combined 1q and 11q LOH in parathyroid tumours is suggestive of malignant behaviour. Strong down-regulation of the CASR protein is seen in a proportion of parathyroid carcinomas with a high proliferation index.