脂蛋白(a)检测在脑梗死患者中的应用

目的 :探讨脂蛋白 (a) [Lp(a) ]在脑梗死患者中的应用价值。方法 :检测 68例脑梗死患者急性期和恢复期中血清Lp(a)、甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)等水平的变化 ,并选 71例健康人作为对照组 ;同时比较脑梗死患者急性期与恢复期血脂的变化。结果 :脑梗死组的Lp(a)、TC、LDL、ApoB明显高于对照组 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;ApoA1明显低于对照组 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。脑梗死患者急性期LDL水平比恢复期明显降低 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,其他指标无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。Lp(a)与其他 6项指标之间均无相关性。结论 :Lp(a)在脑梗死患者发病急性期与稳定期中是一个独立的危险因素 ,可作为反映脑梗死患者脂类代谢异常的重要指标 ,对判断脑梗死的预后可能具有重要意义     

整体护理对冠心病患者冠脉内支架植入术围术期血脂水平的影响

目的观察整体护理对冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架植入术围术期血脂水平的影响。方法选择行经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗的冠心病患者149例,随机分为整体护理组86例与传统护理组63例。对整体护理组实施整体护理干预,传统护理组被给予传统护理干预;分析、比较两组患者3个时间点（人院第2日、手术当日及出院当日）的状态焦虑水平、血脂含量变化以及术后并发症发生情况的差异。结果两组患者状态焦虑水平（分）整体护理组手术当日（51．64±7．78）分、出院当日（38．94±4．37）分与传统护理组（74．42±8．29）分、（59．97±5．76）分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者血脂水平（mmol／L）整体护理组手术当日、出院当日与传统护理组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者术后并发症发生率（％）、整体护理组血肿或出血、桡动脉痉挛或闭塞、心律失常、发热以及迷走神经反射等并发症发生率明显低于传统护理组（P〈0．05）。结论整体护理可以降低冠心病患者冠脉内支架植入术围术期血脂水平与状态焦虑水平,减少术后并发症的发生,提高护理质量。     

Do neonates with high serum cholesterol levels have a different high density lipoprotein composition?

In order to ascertain whether the high density lipoprotein (HDL) composition of neonates with high serum cholesterol levels (≥2.59 mmol/l or ≥100 mg/dl) differs from that of neonates with normal serum cholesterol levels (<2.59 mmol/l), 548 cord blood samples were examined from full-term newborns of the Toledo Study (Spain) of whom no perinatal factors were known which could alter cord blood lipid levels. Newborns were selected according to the following criteria: single and eutocic delivery with cephalic presentation, gestational age between the beginning of the 37th week and the end of the 41st week, body weight between 2.5 kg and 3.999 kg and an Apgar score of ≥7 and ≥9 at l min and 5 min, respectively. The prevalence of high serum total cholesterol (TC) level was greater (P < 0.02) in females than in males. Newborns with high TC levels had higher triglyceride (P < 0.01), HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) and apoprotein (Apo) A-I (P < 0.001) levels, and a higher TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio (P < 0.05), but a lower HDL-cholesterol/Apo A-I ratio (P < 0.05). ANOVA two-way analysis showed a significant effect of gender and serum cholesterol level and a statistical interaction of these two factors upon triglycerides, Apo A-I, and the HDL-cholesterol/Apo A-I ratio. However, HDL-cholesterol and the TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio were higher in neonates (males plus females) with high serum TC but they were not affected by sex. The larger HDL particles in males with high TC levels (HM) should be associated with the higher triglyceride level found in those individuals. Conclusion The composition of high density lipoproteins in newborns is influenced by the serum cholesterol level and by gender. Neonates with high total cholesterol have larger average high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. If total cholesterol is elevated, HDL from males carries more cholesterol than HDL from females. Received: 26 November 1996 / Accepted: 7 January 1997     

No reduction of high density lipoprotein2 during weight reduction in obese children and adolescents

The effects of a 3 week weight reduction regimen on lipids and lipoproteins, in particular high density lipoprotein (HDL)-subfractions in 61 grossly obese children and adolescents (37 females and 26 males) aged 11–15 years were studied. Dietary treatment resulted in a significant weight reduction of initial body weight of 9.6±2.1%, a highly significant decrease in cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-C (P<0.001), as well as a significant reduction in triglycerides, HDL₃ and Apolipoprotein B concentrations (P<0.01). HDL₂ concentrations remained almost constant. It is concluded that HDL reduction during a weight reducing regimen in adolescents does not result in a decrease of the antiatherogenic HDL₂ subfraction.     

Solid lipid nanocarriers in drug delivery: characterization and design

Introduction: Solid lipid nanoparticles are promising drug carriers for systemic circulations as well as local applications. One of the major challenges for drug delivery is designing nanocarriers for efficient delivery of active substances to the target site and facilitating drug absorption.

Areas covered: In this article, the effects of excipients and particle preparation methods on the properties of solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNCs) and their impact on drug absorption and efficacies related to different administration routes are reviewed and discussed.

Expert opinion: SLNCs have special characteristics, making them attractive as drug delivery systems, for parenteral and oral delivery for systemic effects, or ocular, pulmonary and topical delivery to enhance local treatment efficacy and reducing systemic side effects. Both excipients and fabrication methods are crucial for the function and size of nanoparticles and should be considered simultaneously in designing particles to obtain the optimal drug absorption and efficacy, especially for local treatments. Despite the demonstrated advantages by the preclinical studies, further studies on improved understanding of the interactions of SLNCs with biological tissues of the target site is necessary for efficient designing functional nanoparticles for clinical applications.

Abbreviations: DG: diglycerides; FFA: free fatty acids; GMS: glyceryl monostearate; MG: monoglycerides; NLC: nanostructured lipid carriers; PL: phospholipids; SLM: solid lipid microparticles; SLN: solid lipid nanoparticles; SLNC: solid lipid nanocarriers; TG: triglycerides.     

吡格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病疗效探讨

目的 探讨吡格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的疗效.方法 在该院2019年4月—2020年3月收治的2型糖尿病患者中选取76例.按照入院编号分成两组:对照组38例,使用二甲双胍片治疗;试验组38例,联合使用吡格列酮片.观察两组的治疗效果和不良反应,比较治疗前后的血糖、血脂水平变化.结果 相比于对照组,试验组患者的治疗总...     

糖心舒合剂对糖尿病性心脏自主神经病变心率变异性的影响

目的：观察糖心舒合剂对糖尿病性心脏自主神经病变患者的治疗作用。方法：60例患者在口服达美康同时,治疗组(30例)加服中药糖心舒合剂,对照组(30例)加维生素和弥可保治疗,疗程12周。观察两组治疗前后血糖、血脂、心率变异性(HRV)指标的变化。结果：总有效率治疗组为90．0％,对照组为66．7％,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0．05);治疗组在降低空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平及提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量、HRV指标方面均优于对照组(P<0．05)。结论：糖心舒合剂可有效控制血糖,改善微循环障碍,对糖尿病性心脏自主神经病变有一定的疗效。     

Hormonal contraception and HIV-positive women: metabolic concerns and management strategies

As HIV-positive women live longer lives, and as testing for HIV becomes more routine, clinicians can expect to see more HIV-positive women in their practices. The need to be aware of management issues particular to this population becomes increasingly important. Metabolic dysregulation is a common, long-term complication associated with HIV and is one of the most difficult to manage. Hormonal contraception also is associated with metabolic dysregulation. As more HIV-positive women choose long-term, reversible contraception, the potential for concomitant and additive side effects, and the need for careful, proactive management strategies to avoid these complications, will become more important. This article reviews research detailing the metabolic dysfunction associated with hormonal contraception and with HIV-seropositivity. It highlights reasons for concern regarding the potential, although as yet theoretical, increased risk for metabolic dysfunction when hormonal contraception is used in the presence of HIV. Suggestions for management strategies for women living with HIV who choose to use hormonal contraception are presented. These strategies should be viewed as suggestions for management until substantitive research becomes available.     

新生儿脐血血脂水平及胎心率检测分析

目的探讨新生儿脐血血脂水平及胎心率的变化。方法选取头胎顺产新生儿87例,测定小于胎龄儿(SGA)14例、适于胎龄儿(AGA)63例、大于胎龄儿(LGA)10例脐血血脂水平,记录胎儿娩出前5 min胎心率。并使用全自动生化分析仪测定脐血甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和载脂蛋白AI(ApoAI)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平。结果SGA组脐血TG、TC、LDL-C、ApoB水平均高于AGA组和LGA组,HDL-C、ApoAI水平低于AGA组和LGA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);新生儿血脂指标与胎心率回归分析未发现明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论不同的宫内环境引起胎儿代谢的改变,胚胎生长受限的新生儿存在血脂代谢障碍。