地震情景再现对灾民创伤后应激障碍影响

目的 了解汶川地震情景再现对灾民创伤后应激障碍的影响。方法 先用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-ss)和受灾暴露情况调查表对188名灾民测试,灾民观看短片\     

Indicative evaluation of psychological disturbance amongst young children affected by the January 2010 Haiti earthquake,in Port-au-Prince

The article presents a research for the indicative evaluation of psychological disturbance amongst young children following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. We used a new psychological evaluation questionnaire for young children, the PSYCa 3–6. It is a hetero-evaluation tool and is completed on site by the interviewer. The questionnaire was conducted in Port-au-Prince. The average age of the 166 children taking part in the study was 58 months. Psychological disturbance score appears to be high amongst our child population in Port-au-Prince. This corroborates other research into the psychological condition of natural disaster victims. A higher score of psychological disturbance was observed amongst boys and in the youngest group of children. This first application of the PSYCa 3–6, in a natural disaster area, highlights its capacity to identify children in great difficulties, the acceptability of the questionnaire and its appropriateness for use in humanitarian crisis areas.     

颈椎损伤患者的后送体会1例

我国是地震灾害最频发的国家之一。近年发生的较大地震有四川汶川地震、青海玉树地震、云南彝良地震及最近发生的四川芦山地震。地震灾难不仅能在瞬间夺走人们宝贵的生命,而且还会留下大量伤员。据统计,由地震造成的受伤人数是死亡人数的3倍〔1〕。如何及时、有效地后送地震伤员,对于降低死亡率及致残率意义重大。由于受到     

地震期间急诊救治糖尿病酮症酸中毒伴高渗性昏迷1例

患者,男,19岁,身高175cm,体重100kg,系甘孜人。在雅安芦山"4.20"地震期间,因长途坐车,进食少、多次大量饮用冰糖雪梨等含糖高的饮料后,出现疲倦、四肢无力,自行休息,约4h后,上述症状无缓解并出现口渴、厌食、不能自行行走,家人带其至一家私人诊所治疗,给予其"生脉口服液"治疗,效差,患者晕倒。我院120接诊,给氧、建立     

Global risk of big earthquakes has not recently increased

The recent elevated rate of large earthquakes has fueled concern that the underlying global rate of earthquake activity has increased, which would have important implications for assessments of seismic hazard and our understanding of how faults interact. We examine the timing of large (magnitude M≥7) earthquakes from 1900 to the present, after removing local clustering related to aftershocks. The global rate of M≥8 earthquakes has been at a record high roughly since 2004, but rates have been almost as high before, and the rate of smaller earthquakes is close to its historical average. Some features of the global catalog are improbable in retrospect, but so are some features of most random sequences--if the features are selected after looking at the data. For a variety of magnitude cutoffs and three statistical tests, the global catalog, with local clusters removed, is not distinguishable from a homogeneous Poisson process. Moreover, no plausible physical mechanism predicts real changes in the underlying global rate of large events. Together these facts suggest that the global risk of large earthquakes is no higher today than it has been in the past.     

Psychology of earthquake-induced stress cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction and non-cardiac chest pain

Aims: To compare psychological factors in patients presenting to hospital with earthquake‐induced stress cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction (MI) and non‐cardiac chest pain. We hypothesised that patients with stress cardiomyopathy and non‐cardiac chest pain would be more psychologically vulnerable than those with MI. Methods: Cardiology admitting staff in the week following the September 2010 Christchurch earthquake prospectively identified patients with earthquake‐precipitated chest pain. Males were excluded. All consenting women met diagnostic criteria for one of the three conditions. Patients underwent a semistructured interview with a senior clinical psychologist who was blind to the cardiac diagnosis. Premorbid psychological factors, experience of the earthquake and psychological response were assessed using a range of validated tools. Results: Seventeen women were included in the study, six with stress cardiomyopathy, five with MI and six with non‐cardiac chest pain. Earthquake experiences were notably similar across the groups. Patients with non‐cardiac chest pain scored high on the hospital anxiety and depression scale, the health anxiety questionnaire, the Eysenck neuroticism scale and the Impact of Event scale. Women with stress cardiomyopathy scored as the most psychologically robust. Depression and extroversion scores were the same across groups. Conclusion: Our hypothesis was incorrect. Women with non‐cardiac chest pain following an earthquake have higher anxiety and neuroticism scores than women with either MI or stress cardiomyopathy. Stress cardiomyopathy following an earthquake is not specific to psychologically vulnerable women. The psychology of natural disaster‐induced stress cardiomyopathy may differ from that of sporadic cases.     

Lessons from the 2015 earthquake(s) in Nepal: implication for rehabilitation

Purpose: There has been an increase in the number of natural disasters in recent history, and the rate of disability is increasing among survivors. The most recent major natural disaster was the earthquake(s) that occurred in Nepal on 25 April 2015 and 12 May 2015. In total, more than 8500 people were killed and over 18?500 people were left injured. This article aims to demonstrate the role of rehabilitation professionals in post-disaster relief and beyond in Nepal. Method: This is an experiential account of physiotherapists present during the earthquake and participating in the post-disaster relief. Results: Rehabilitation professionals played an important role in the acute phase post-disaster by providing essential services and equipment. However, discharge planning emerged as an important role for rehabilitation providers in the early days of post-disaster and signaled a relatively new and innovative function that facilitated the heavy imbalance between little supply and tremendous demand for care. In the coming years, rehabilitation will need to support local initiatives that focus on minimizing the long-term effects among people with a newly acquired disability. Conclusions: Rehabilitation serves an important role across the continuum in post-disaster relief from the initial stages to the months and years following an event.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Driven by medical advances in acute field medicine, the relative proportion of casualties following natural disasters is decreasing, while relative rates of disability are rising among survivors.

• In post-disaster settings, the growing number of people with newly acquired disabilities will be added to the existing proportion of the population who lived with disabilities, creating a significant growth in the total number of people with disabilities (PWDs) in communities that are often ill prepared to provide necessary services.

• Rehabilitation interventions in the initial stages of emergency humanitarian response can minimize the long-term effects among people with newly acquired disabilities through early activation and prevention of secondary effects.

• Rehabilitation providers thus appear to have an important mediating effect on outcomes of disabilities in the early stages, but must also be strong partners with PWDs to advocate for social and political change in the long term.

     

抗震救灾行动中卫生装备保障能力建设的分析与研究

目的:分析抗震救灾行动中卫生装备保障的特点,思考提升卫生装备保障能力的主要对策.方法:总结灾区救援环境恶劣、对自我保障能力要求高、保障任务繁重、工作重点突出、形势复杂、协同配合难度大、人员受限、技术配备要求高等特点,分析研究相应对策.结果:卫生装备保障队伍应当加强装备配备,完善物资管理,加强应急训练,提高保障能力.结论:研究和思考抗震救灾行动中卫生装备保障能力建设具有很强的现实意义.     

《基层地震灾害紧急救援队能力分级测评》地方标准研究与编制

地震应急救援能力评估是一个多内容、多层次、多环节的系统工程,我国开展应急救援能力评估的时问较短,大部分研究还处于理论探索阶段,尚未形成成熟和稳定的理论框架与评估模型.根据我国的地震应急救援实际来看,我国地震应急管理系统的评估工作还很薄弱,特别缺乏对地震救援队救援能力进行细化研究.但是,大量丰富且适用的评估决策理论为地震...