中医药在男性生殖内分泌疾病中的应用

男性生殖内分泌疾病主要表现为下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的异常,睾丸是这一病变的中心环节,具有合成雄激素和精子发生的功能.中医药基本理论认为“肾藏精,主生殖”,“肝主疏泄”,对肾、天癸和肝的认识与现代生殖内分泌的理论相类似.近年来,中医药在男性生殖内分泌疾病的治疗得到了较为广泛的应用,并取得了一定的疗效.现分别从中医药在青春期发育异常(包括性早熟和青春期发育延迟)、迟发性性腺功能减退症以及高泌乳素血症等常见内分泌疾病中的应用予以综述和分析,探讨中医药在男性生殖内分泌疾病治疗中的重要地位,并认为肾主生殖,主持统领人体的生殖机能,有类似下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的作用,是生殖内分泌的核心,肾气及肾精的盛衰体现了人体生殖内分泌的功能状态和生殖能力的盛衰.补肾疏肝为多数生殖内分泌疾病的共用治法,可通过调控下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴,调节睾酮的合成,进而治疗疾病.但总体仍缺乏大样本的循证医学报道和机制研究,有待进一步深入探索.     

Long‐term retention of avulsed maxillary permanent incisors replanted after prolonged non‐physiological storage

Ankylosis and external replacement resorption (ERR) are two typical biological responses to delayed replantation of avulsed teeth in cases where adequate root canal treatment is performed. The patient's growth stage affects the progression of root resorption and the long‐term outcome of the affected teeth. This case report describes the long‐term outcome of an 18.5‐year‐old patient following an accident in which both of his maxillary central incisors were avulsed and replanted after four hours of non‐physiological storage. ERR and ankylosis of teeth 11 and 21 were detected clinically and radiographically during the second year of follow‐up. Sixteen years after replantation, replacement resorption was progressing very slowly, enabling functional tooth retention with favorable esthetics. Young adults, with delayed replantation of avulsed teeth, may benefit from tooth retention with slow ERR.     

管状胃和膈肌缝合预防食管癌切除术后胃排空障碍的效果分析

目的总结管状胃和膈肌缝合固定在预防经颈、胸、腹三切15食管癌切除术后胃排空障碍中的应用经验。方法回顾性分析我科2009年6月至2013年7月980例经颈、胸、腹三切口手术治疗食管癌患者,均行管状胃代食管手术。将患者分为两组：A组530例,未作特殊处理,其中食管上段癌63例,食管中段癌382例,食管下段癌85例;B组450例,将胃缝合固定于膈肌,其中食管上段癌43例,食管中段癌343例,食管下段癌64例。比较两组患者术后胃排空障碍的发生情况。结果A组患者均顺利完成手术,无患者死亡。B组与A组相比较,其术后胃排空障碍的发生率显著减少（P〈0．05）。结论在经颈、胸、腹三切口治疗食管癌手术中,通过将管状胃与膈肌缝合固定可以降低经颈、胸、腹三切口食管癌切除术后胃排空障碍的发生率。     

Factors influencing long‐term outcome after kidney transplantation

Many factors influence the long‐term outcome of kidney transplantation, which is defined very schematically by patient death or renal dysfunction leading to graft loss. The most important of these factors is most likely the quality of the transplant itself, with kidneys from living donors showing a positive impact, while kidneys from expanded criteria donors show deleterious impacts. Various clinicopathological scores exist to predict mid‐ to long‐term outcomes and avoid the transplantation of kidneys displaying inferior results. The key factors related to the recipient include their age as well as disease recurrence, HLA matching, HLA immunization, ethnic background, time on dialysis, and cardiovascular comorbidities. Renal function, defined based on estimated GFR and/or proteinuria values, is a result of all these factors. Delayed graft function has a detrimental long‐term impact, as does the level of renal function impairment either in stable condition or in case of progressing dysfunction. Finally, although current immunosuppression regimes are highly efficient in preventing acute rejection, the burden of specific (diabetes, nephrotoxicity) and nonspecific (infection and cancer) side effects has significant negative long‐term consequences that may well be worse in the future because of the increasing ages of both donors and recipients. The development of safer immunosuppression strategies is therefore crucial to improve long‐term outcomes.     

Delayed presentation of transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum in an 8-week-old male infant at University College Hospital in Ibadan,Nigeria

Transposition of the great arteries is a rare type of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) which commonly presents in the neonatal period and requires early diagnosis and intervention if the infant is to witness his/her first birthday. Here, we report a case of an 8-week-old term male infant who presented with a 2-day history of cough, breathlessness and cyanosis. Echocardiography confirmed dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and patent foramen ovale (PFO). The infant succumbed to cardiogenic shock due to late presentation and no access to definitive surgical intervention.