UV filters with antagonistic action at androgen receptors in the MDA-kb2 cell transcriptional-activation assay.

The fact that certain ultraviolet (UV) filters used in cosmetics display estrogenic activity prompted us to study potential actions on androgen receptors (AR) in the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-kb2, which expresses functional endogenous AR and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and is stably transfected with a luciferase reporter plasmid. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), methyltrienolone (R1881), methyltestosterone, danazol, and androstenedione increased luciferase activity, with EC50 values between 0.11 nM (R1881), 0.14 nM (DHT), and 73.5 nM (androstenedione). DHT-induced luciferase gene expression was inhibited by nonsteroidal antiandrogens, hydroxyflutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide, and vinclozolin. In contrast, the steroidal AR agonist/antagonist cyproterone actetate showed agonistic activity in the absence and presence of DHT, which was not blocked by hydroxyflutamide and thus seems not to be mediated by AR. GR-mediated activation of luciferase by dexamethasone was 100 times less potent than DHT and was not antagonized by hydroxyflutamide. The cell line was used for screening of UV filters, benzophenone-3 (Bp-3), benzophenone-4, 3-benzylidene camphor, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, butyl-methoxy-dibenzoylmethane, homosalate (HMS), octyl-dimethyl-PABA, and octyl-methoxycinnamate. Two of these, Bp-3 and HMS, antagonized DHT-induced AR activation below cytotoxic concentrations, with IC50 of 5.57 10-6 M (HMS) and 4.98 10-6 M (Bp-3). None of the eight UV filters displayed agonistic activity when tested alone, but high concentrations of Bp-3 induced an increase of luciferase activity in the presence of dexamethasone, which was not blocked by hydroxyflutamide or the estrogen antagonist, ICI 182,780. These data indicate that the UV filters Bp-3 and HMS possess antiandrogenic activity in vitro in addition to estrogenic activity.     

UV测定大黄提取工艺产物总蒽醌含量

目的　测定大黄溶剂萃取工艺提取物与SFE CO2 工艺提取物总蒽醌含量。方法　先CHCl3 超声振荡提取游离蒽醌 ,再将残渣中结合蒽醌进行水解 ,CHCl3 热回流提取 ;总蒽醌以 0 .5 %Mg(Ac) 2 甲醇溶液显色 ,总蒽醌含量在 1.5 2～ 15 .2 μg/ml范围内 ,浓度与吸光度之间线性关系良好 (γ =0 .9997) ;样品的平均回收率为 98.85 % ,RSD为 0 .5 3% (n =6 )。结果　从总蒽醌转移率来看 ,SFE CO2 工艺优于溶剂萃取工艺。     

产地对大黄药材质量的影响

目的：考察不同产地对大黄药材质量的影响。方法：采用紫外光谱法、高效液相色谱等方法。结果：不同产地大黄药材所含成分基本一致，但大黄素及大黄酚的含量有明显差异。结论：产地因素对药材质量尤为重要。     

鼻咽癌放射治疗后听力的变化

目的 探讨鼻咽癌患者放疗前后听力的变化。方法 对63例鼻咽癌患者放疗前后采用纯音测听检测听觉功能。结果 鼻咽癌初次放疗对内耳感音功能无明显影响，对中耳传音功能有明显的改善作用。结论 鼻咽癌所致听力下降通过放疗可使听力得以不同程度的恢复。     

SOD对电离辐射诱导不同肿瘤细胞ROS水平和凋亡的影响

目的 研究ROS产生与电离辐射诱导细胞凋亡的关系，探讨SOD对：H22肝癌、Lewis肺癌、Hela宫颈癌细胞辐射敏感性的影响及机制。方法利用化学比色法测定肿瘤细胞中的ROS的水平，利用流式细胞仪测定肿瘤细胞凋亡。结果X线照射三种肿瘤细胞可通过产生ROS而诱发其凋亡，应用SOD在照射16h后对Lewins细胞的ROS水平无明显影响，而H22细胞和Hela细胞的ROS水平明显降低。SOD对：Hela宫颈癌细胞具有辐射保护作用，对Lewis肺癌细胞具有辐射增敏作用，对H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤细胞辐射增敏性无明显影响。结论SOD通过改变肿瘤细胞的：ROS水平和参与其凋亡的分子生物学机制影响肿瘤细胞的辐射增敏性。     

c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸对人卵巢癌细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的　探讨癌基因 c- raf- 1的反义寡核苷酸对人卵巢癌细胞放射敏感性的影响。方法　设立 c- raf- 1正义寡核苷酸组和非处理组 (仅加入等量的脂质体 )作对照 ,用 RT- PCR检测卵巢癌细胞处理前后 c- raf- 1表达水平的变化。用平板克隆形成试验检测人卵巢癌细胞株 SKOV3在脂质体 - c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸作用前后受 6 0 Coγ射线不同剂量照射后的集落形成率。结果　 c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸能抑制 c- raf- 1癌基因的表达 ,经脂质体介导的 c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸作用的卵巢癌细胞经γ射线照射后其集落形成率较转染正义寡核苷酸组及单纯照射组明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,而转染 c- raf- 1正义寡核苷酸组的集落形成率与单纯照射组相比无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸通过抑制 c- raf- 1的表达降低人卵巢癌细胞株 SKOV 3放射抗拒性。该作用可能与 c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸抑制了引起细胞辐射抗拒的细胞信号转导途径有关     

三维适形放疗治疗35例恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的：观察三维适形放射治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效，探讨其更有效的治疗方法。方法：1998年10月—2000年12月，对35例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行三维适形放疗，每次3—4Gy，每周5次，总共10—12次。结果：所有病例均完成治疗，病灶完全缓解率(CR)8例，占24％，部份缓解(PR)22例，占63％，无变化5例，占13％，总有效率87％。29例黄疸均有不同程度消退，没有严重的并发症发生。一、二年生存率分别为70％、21％。结论：三维适形放疗对恶性梗阻性黄疸有较好的疗效，绝大多数患者均能耐受，是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的一种有效方法。     

Can virtual simulation of breast tangential portals accurately predict lung and heart volumes?

A treatment portal or simulator image has traditionally been used to demonstrate the lung and heart coverage of the breast tangential portal. In many cases, these images were acquired as a planning session on the linear accelerator. The patients were also CT scanned to assess the lung/heart volume and to determine the surgical site depth for the electron‐boost energy. A study using 50 consecutive patients was performed comparing the digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) from the virtual simulation with treatment portal images. Modification to the patient's arm position is required when performing the planning CT scans due to the aperture size of the CT scanner. Virtual simulation was used to assess the potential variation of lung and heart measurements. The average difference in lung volume between the DRR and portal image was less than 2 mm, with a range of 0?5 mm. Arm position did not have a sig­nificant impact on field deviation; however, great care was taken to minimize any changes in arm position. The modification of the arm position for CT scanning did not lead to significant variations between the DRRs and portal images. The Advantage Sim software has proven capable of producing good quality DRR images, providing a realistic representation of the lung and heart volume included in the treatment portal.     

成年男性额面颈部红外热像的定位定量研究

目的:探索人体红外辐射(IRR)的表达规律。方法:应用国产DW—9100医用红外热像仪,采集成年男性额、面、颈部IRI,IRIAS专用软件自动定位、定量,Excel 统计学处理。结果:成年男性额、面、颈部IRI有效色码表达可达11级,色码分布具有明显的定位规律;Ⅰ～Ⅺ级色码温区呈递减状态,同级色码平均温差为1.03℃,P<0.01; 逐级色码平均递减温差为1.05℃,P<0.01 ,均有显著差异。不同年龄的色码温差亦有显著差异。结论:人体额面颈部IRR具有明显的定位、定量规律。有助于进一步探索人体IRR表达的多元信息。     

Treatment of localized prostate cancer using a combination of high dose rate Iridium‐192 brachytherapy and external beam irradiation: Initial Australian experience

Combination high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) and external beam radiation therapy is technically and clinically feasible as definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer. We report the first large Australian experience using this technique of radiation dose escalation in 82 patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk disease. With a median follow up of 3 years (156 weeks), complications were low and overall prostate‐specific antigen progression‐free survival was 91% using the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition. The delivery of hypofractionated radiation through the HDRB component shortens overall treatment time and is both biologically and logistically advantageous. As a radiation boost strategy, HDRB is easy to learn and could be introduced into most facilities with brachytherapy capability.