The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Psychiatric Impairment for a Taiwanese Community Post-Earthquake

This purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life and psychiatric impairment in a Taiwanese community located near the epicenter of the 1999 earthquake, as assessed four to six months after the natural catastrophe. Trained assistants interviewed the 4223 respondents using the disaster-related psychological screening test (DRPST), an instrument specifically designed and validated by senior psychiatrists for assessment of psychiatric impairment after natural catastrophe. Additionally, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate quality of life. The collected results were analyzed using Windows SPSS 10.0 software. Psychiatric impairment rated moderate to severe was assessed for 1448 (34.3%) of the responding residents. The 4223 respondents were divided into 4 psychiatric-impairment groups based on DPRST score: healthy (n = 952); mild impairment (n = 1823); moderate impairment (n = 1126); and, severe impairment (n = 322). The four groups were compared for a number of salient factors, including gender, age, current marital status and psychiatric-impairment score, to determine impact on quality of life. Respondents assessed as psychiatrically impaired tended to be older, female, divorced/widowed, and less educated, and they were more likely to have experienced major familial financial loss as an immediate consequence of the earthquake. Further, the greater the severity of the psychiatric impairment, the lower the scores for quality of life, for both the physical and mental aspects of this important general indicator.     

Construct Validity of the EQ-5D in Low-Income Chinese American Primary Care Patients

OBJECTIVES: Although the EQ-5D has been used with increasing frequency to measure health-related quality of life, to date, the measure's validity has not been examined in Chinese American immigrants. We evaluated the construct validity of the EQ-5D by testing its performance with respect to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population and comparing responses on the EQ dimensions with the SF-36 subscales. METHODS: The study surveyed low-income Chinese patients attending a community health center in New York City's Chinatown. Participants received self-administered versions of the EQ-5D and SF-36 and additional questions regarding demographic and clinical information. RESULTS: 856 patients were approached and data were collected from 523 patients (61%). Analysis of the EQ-5D responses by sociodemographic and clinical variables found significant differences among categories of age, gender, marital status, number of medical problems, self-rated health, and specific medical problems. Correlations between similar dimensions and subscale scores were stronger between the two measures than dissimilar ones. Patients without impairments on a given EQ dimension tended to have higher SF-36 subscale scores than patients reporting 'any' impairment (i.e. some/moderate or severe). CONCLUSIONS: The results provide initial support for the construct validity of the EQ-5D in our sample. Further studies should compare the performance of the EQ-5D with other preference-based measures in Chinese persons and examine the valuations that both low-income and Chinese persons place on core aspects of health.     

上网儿童行为问题调查分析

目的 了解上网儿童行为问题现状及网络对儿童行为问题产生的影响.方法 用整群抽样的方法,抽取城镇中学初一学生1 228人,采用自编问卷、Achenbach儿童行为量表,按是否上网将研究对象分为上网组和不上网组,比较两组的行为问题检出率、两组中不同性别行为问题及各种Achenbach儿童行为问题因子构成.结果 上网学生占总人数的35.59%;男、女生上网组行为问题发生率要高于不上网组(χ2=4.51,P＜0.05和χ2=5.22,P＜0.01),上网组发生两种行为问题的比例要高于不上网组(P＜0.05);男生中,交往不良、多动、体诉、违纪和攻击性等行为问题发生率要高于不上网组(P＜0 05);女生中,上网组在体诉、违纪、抑郁退缩和焦虑强迫等行为问题发生率高于不上网组(P＜0.05).结论 网络对儿童行为问题产生有很大的影响,可导致儿童发生多种行为问题,行为问题发生率升高.     

小学生心理行为问题调查分析

目的:了解小学生存在的心理行为问题。方法:对116名7~12岁的小学生分别用Achenbach儿童行为调查表、教师报告表、Conners父母症状问卷、Conners教师用简明问卷进行评定。结果:低、高年级组各行为问题分差异无显著性,教师问卷与家长问卷相比,大多数差异显著。儿童行为问题检出率20.0%。结论:结合家长与教师的评价,有助于全面了解学生;对注意缺陷多动障碍应严格按照诊断标准判断,以免将其扩大化。     

乌鲁木齐市中学生健康行为调查分析

目的监测和了解中学生主要的健康危险行为和保护性因素的情况。方法由美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)统一采用专门的抽样软件抽取乌鲁木齐市25所中学,并采用整群抽样方法抽取学校的班级并对班级中的13~15岁在校学生进行问卷调查。结果每天运动60分钟以上的学生占16.1%;父母或监护人一直或大多数时间里理解被监护人遇到的问题和烦恼的学生占36.0%;曾经感到孤独的学生占8.2%;曾做过自杀计划的人占9.0%,曾经认真想过自杀的学生占20.4%;曾经尝试过吸烟的学生占31.2%;第一次尝试酒精的年龄在13岁以上的学生占33.5%;曾经使用过1次以上毒品的学生占1.4%;参加8次以上打架的学生占22.2%。结论中学生中存在比较严重的健康行为方面的问题,突出表现在缺少体育运动,心理健康问题严重、有自杀倾向,吸烟、饮酒和使用毒品等,必须引起教育和卫生部门的高度重视,并提早给予干预,以促进少年儿童的健康发展。     

我国居民看电视时间的分析

目的了解我国居民看电视的现状,为制定干预措施提供基础资料。方法使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对我国6岁及以上居民66601人(男性32254人,女性34347人)的看电视情况进行分析。结果92.1%的居民看电视,城市居民(94.3%)看电视的比例高于农村(91.2%),男性(93.0%)高于女性(91.2%),18~59.9岁居民高于其他年龄组居民。居民平均每星期看电视的时间是2.1小时,其中城市(2.3小时)高于农村(2.0小时),18岁及以上居民高于18岁以下居民,男女间差别不大。平均每天看电视时间小于1小时、1~2小时、2~3小时、3小时及以上的居民所占比例依次为13.9%、25.5%、34.6%和26.0%。结论我国6岁以上居民绝大多数看电视,看电视时间2小时及以上的居民所占比例比较高,不同年龄、性别、城乡居民看电视时间存在差异。     

陕西省农村沼气建设及其综合利用卫生效果与健康需求调查研究

目的了解农户沼气综合利用知识和相关卫生知识、态度、行为,沼气综合利用对农户卫生状况、健康状况的影响及相关信息来源、需求。方法采用专题小组访谈的定性方法,对骨干人群、乡村医生进行访谈。运用现场观察和随机抽样问卷调查的定量方法对农户进行调查。同时在每县采集样本,进行虫卵实验室检测。结果已建沼气的农户卫生状况和健康状况显著好于未建的农户(P<0.05);沼气相关知识知晓率和对沼气的认可态度持有率显著好于未建的农户(P<0.05);已建户和未建户沼气综合利用知识仅限于沼气做饭、沼液种植、沼渣施肥,其余用途知晓率较低(均不足45%);被调查对象对健康相关知识需求不高;农户相关信息主要获得途径为电视、广播等大众传媒、传单等健康教育宣传品和同伴宣传;除了希望从上述途径获得信息外,还希望从讲座、健康教育课等途径获得。结论农村沼气综合利用能够有效改善农村卫生条件和农户健康状况,节约能源、增加收入;以全国亿万农民健康促进行动为平台,加强多部门合作,利用各种群众喜闻乐见、易接受的传播途径,普及沼气相关知识和健康相关知识收到满意效果。     

某市区儿童肥胖现状及影响因素的现况调查

目的:了解重庆市区儿童肥胖的现状及危险因素,为家长、教育系统实施干预提供依据,以预防成年期相关疾病的发生。方法:随机抽取该地区3~16岁儿童1 867例,采用问卷方式收集资料进行现况调查,以BMI法为肥胖的诊断标准,采用国内推荐的BMI≥28.0 kg/m2将儿童分为肥胖组和正常对照组。结果:儿童肥胖的发生率为12.59%(男13.83%,女9.74%)。危险因素分析显示,有肥胖家族史、每日肉食摄入量、营养食品的添加、母乳喂养时间短、过早添加固体食物、看电视为主要危险因素,VitC是肥胖的保护因素。结论:该区儿童肥胖率明显高于历年水平,呈发展趋势,在儿童实施早期干预措施对预防青春期及成年期肥胖和其他相关疾病有重要的意义。     

中国成年居民营养补充剂的消费现状

目的:分析我国成年居民使用营养补充剂的现状,为有针对性地制定干预策略和相关政策提供基础资料。方法:使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对53159名18岁及以上居民的营养补充剂使用率及其中钙制品、铁剂、维生素和其他保健食品的使用率进行分析。结果:我国18岁及以上居民营养补充剂的使用率为5.1%,其中钙制品、铁剂、维生素和其他保健食品的使用率分别为3.4%、1.3%、2.4%和2.2%。营养补充剂的使用率表现为城市高于农村,女性高于男性,60岁及以上年龄组、45-59岁年龄组、18-44岁年龄组使用率依次降低。结论:我国成年居民中使用营养补充剂尚不普遍。