Increases in human papillomavirus vaccine coverage over 12 months among a community-recruited cohort of gay,bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Canada

BackgroundStarting in 2015/16, most Canadian provinces introduced publicly-funded human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) aged ≤ 26 years. We estimated 12-month changes in HPV vaccine coverage among community-recruited GBM from 2017 to 2021 and identified baseline factors associated with vaccine initiation (≥1 dose) or series completion (3 doses) among participants who were unvaccinated or partially vaccinated at baseline.MethodsWe recruited sexually-active GBM aged ≥ 16 years in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Canada, from 02/2017 to 08/2019 and followed them over a median of 12 months (interquartile range = 12–13 months). We calculated the proportion who initiated vaccination (≥1 dose) or completed the series (3 doses) by 12-month follow-up. Analyses were stratified by city and age-eligibility for the publicly-funded programs at baseline (≤26 years or > 26 years). We used multivariable logistic regression to identify baseline factors associated with self-reported incident vaccine initiation or series completion.ResultsAmong 165 unvaccinated participants aged ≤ 26 years at baseline, incident vaccine initiation (≥1 dose) during follow-up was 24.1% in Montreal, 33.3% in Toronto, and 38.9% in Vancouver. Among 1,059 unvaccinated participants aged > 26 years, incident vaccine initiation was 3.4%, 8.9%, and 10.9%, respectively. Higher education and trying to access pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV were associated with incident vaccination among those aged ≤ 26 years, while younger age, residing in Vancouver (vs. Montreal), being diagnosed with anogenital warts, having both government and private extended medical insurance, and being vaccinated against influenza were associated with incident vaccination among those aged > 26 years.ConclusionsWe observed substantial gains in HPV vaccine coverage among young GBM within 5 + years of targeted program implementation, but gaps remain, particularly among older men who are ineligible for publicly-funded programs. Findings suggest the need for expanded public funding or insurance coverage for HPV vaccines.     

Association between Pregnancy and Active Injection Drug Use and Sex Work among Women Injection Drug Users in Saint Petersburg,Russia

Widespread use of unsafe sexual practices among women injecting drugs both practicing and not practicing sex work leads to high levels of unplanned pregnancies in this population. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between pregnancy and active drug use and sex work. Data were collected using a convenience sample of 500 women in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 2013. All women had recent experience of drug use, of which 200 were pregnant at the time of the study. The study consisted of a structured interview followed by a rapid HIV test. Pregnancy was protective against both active drug use and sex work. For HIV-positive women, these associations were stronger than for HIV-negative women: drug use prevalence ratio (PR) was 0.59 vs 0.85; for sex work, the PRs were 0.36 vs 0.64. Higher levels of education were associated with a lower prevalence ratio for active drug use and sex work in all models. Having children was not associated with active drug use or sex work. Pregnancy might be an optimal time for conducting interventions aimed at cessation of drug use and sex work among women injecting drugs.     

北京地区人群体重指数、性别及年龄对血压的影响

目的 探讨北京地区非体力劳动者人群体重指数(BMI)、性别和年龄对血压的影响.方法 对2008年我院体检人群[共14 237例,男9548例(67.06%),女4689例(32.94%);年龄18.0～93.0岁,平均(49.8±10.2)岁]进行流行病学调查,采用Epidata 3.1软件建立数据库,使用SPSS 12.0统计软件包对数据进行分析.结果 调查人群BMI(22.30±3.08)kg/m2.不论男性还是女性,收缩压及舒张压均随BMI增加而逐渐升高.年龄<60.0岁组,男性高血压患病率明显高于女性[男:24.28%(1662/6844),女:13.77%(493/3581),P=0.000];年龄1>60.0岁组,男性与女性患病率差异无统计学意义(P=0.268).以BMI<18.0 ks/m~2作为对照组,BMI 18.0～23.9 ks/m~2,24.O～27.9 kg/m~2 和≥28.0 kg/m~2组,男性高血压患病风险(OR值)分别为1.709(95%CI:0.920～3.173),3.154(95%CI:1.703～5.839)和5.125(95%CI:2.805～9.696);女,巨高血压患病风险分别为1.988(95%CI:1.033～3.824),5.703(95%CI:2.962～10.982和14.358(95%CI:7.334-28.106).结论 BMI与高血压患病明显相关.有效预防和控制超重和肥胖等高血压发病危险因素,是我国目前亟待解决的公共卫生问题.     

不同性别患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗远期病死率及影响因素的研究

目的 了解不同性别患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗后的远期病死率及其相关影响因素是否存在差异.方法 回顾性分析2004年7月1日至2005年9月30日在北京安贞医院接受PCI治疗的2493例患者(男1860例,女633例)的临床资料,并进行随访,记录临床特征及随访数据.按照性别分组比较男女患者临床特征及术后远期病死率,并分别建立Cox回归模型,分析影响不同性别远期死亡的相关因素.结果 女性年龄较大,术前合并主要疾病的比例较男性高,既往心肌梗死病史及血运重建史较男性少;中位数随访时间555天,随访率93.4%,女性术后远期病死率高于男性患者(HR 3.012,95%CI,1.094～8.293,P=0.033),女性是远期死亡的独立危险因素;多因素Cox回归分析显示,影响女性远期死亡的因素为体重指数(HR 0.771,95%CI 0.602～0.988,P=0.040),糖尿病(HR 4.879,95%CI 1.484～13.287,P=0.012),吸烟(HR 4.369,95%CI 1.517～12.583,P=0.006),冠心病分型(HR 3.420,95%CI 1.658～9.439,P=0.021),血红蛋白水平(HR 0.940,95%CI 0.890～0.992,P=0.025),肌酐水平(HR 4.997,95%CI1.065～15.764,P=0.009),LDL-C(HR 1.055,95%CI 1.008～1.104,P=0.032),病变血管支数(HR 5.957,95% CI 1.642～9.680,P=0.007);影响男性远期死亡的因素为年龄(HR 1.098,95% CI 1.021～1.181,P=0.024),糖尿病(HR 1.769,95%CI 1.024～5.764,P:0.014),肌酐水平(HR 5.481,95% CI 1.327～11.659,P=0.006),开口病变(HR 3.137,95%CI 1.464～13.020,P=0.011).结论 女性PCI术后远期病死率高于男性,影响PCI远期死亡的危险因素及影响程度在男女间有所不同.     

中国西部农村婴幼儿营养、喂养以及保健方面的性别差异研究

目的探索中国西部农村地区婴幼儿营养、喂养以及保健方面的性别差异。方法利用西部农村大样本横断面调查数据,共凋查14 532名儿童;运用logistic回归模型控制有关背景因素来估计性别在3岁以下农村儿童的营养、喂养和保健方面所起的作用。结果西部南北方地区男女儿童的生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦患病率接近,但是控制了可能的影响因素后,营养不良的性别差异只出现在北方儿童中,表现为北方1孩家庭的男童低体重的风险要高于女童(OR=1.27),3孩以上家庭的男童患生长迟缓的风险却低于女童(OR=0.60);在南方地区无论是在1孩还是多孩家庭以上三指标均没有显著的性别差异。北方地区只表现为2孩家庭的男童添加鸡蛋的频率要显著高于女童,而此种情况也出现在南方1孩家庭中;此外,南方地区表现为2孩家庭的女童在4月龄内比男童更倾向于接受纯母乳喂养。在保健方面,男童较女童更容易患病,贫血患病率分别为36.2%和33.4%,2周感冒和腹泻患病率分别为29.0%和27.4%,19.0%和17.5%。结论中国西部农村婴幼儿在营养、喂养和保健方面存在着一定的性别差异,北方地区比南方地区表现突出。     

Male preponderance in HIV seropositive patients with mucocutaneous complaints in a tertiary care hospital in North India

ObjectiveA panorama of mucocutaneous manifestations is seen at every stage of HIV. This study was done to study the sex prevalence in HIV/AIDS patients with mucocutaneous disorders.MethodsA total of 1 000 HIV seropositive patients attending Skin-STD clinic, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, for any dermatologic complaints were studied in respect to the sex group preponderance.ResultsMales constituted the majority as 75.6% while females were 24.4%.ConclusionsWomen, in most of the cases, get infected from their spouses, who have acquired infection through extramarital sexual contact. HIV infection in female patients increases the risk of HIV transmission to neonates and infants, thus further spreading the HIV in a community. So it is very crucial to initiate early preventive measures to reduce HIV burden.     

Sex differences in impulsive action and impulsive choice

Here, we review the evidence for sex differences in behavioral measures of impulsivity for both humans and laboratory animals. We focus on two specific components of impulsivity: impulsive action (i.e., difficulty inhibiting a prepotent response) and impulsive choice (i.e., difficulty delaying gratification). Sex differences appear to exist on these measures, but the direction and magnitude of the differences vary. In laboratory animals, impulsive action is typically greater in males than females, whereas impulsive choice is typically greater in females. In humans, women discount more steeply than men, but sex differences on measures of impulsive action depend on tasks and subject samples. We discuss implications of these findings as they relate to drug addiction. We also point out the major gaps in this research to date, including the lack of studies designed specifically to examine sex differences in behavioral impulsivity, and the lack of consideration of menstrual or estrous phase or sex hormone levels in the studies.     

知柏地黄丸对卵巢储备功能低下性激素水平及妊娠结局的影响

目的:分析知柏地黄丸对卵巢储备功能低下(DOR)患者性激素水平级妊娠结局的影响,探究其可能的作用机制。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年1月泸州市中医医院收治的DOR患者104例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组(n=53)和观察组(n=51)。对照组采用激素人工周期治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上予以知柏地黄丸加减辨证治疗,连续治疗6个月为1个疗程。比较2组患者治疗前、后卵巢血流动力学指标、Treg免疫细胞情况、性激素指标及2组患者随访期内的妊娠结局、药物不良反应。结果:观察组在下调DOR患者的收缩期峰值流速(S)/舒张末期流速(D)值、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)基础卵泡刺激素(FSH)、基础雌二醇(E2)、FSH/LH水平方面较对照组更具优势,且在提升患者Treg细胞占比、CD4+T、CD8+T、CD4+T/CD8+T、自然受孕率、辅助生育技术受孕率方面效果更优(均P<0.05);且并未提高患者的药物不良反应率(P>0.05)。结论:知柏地黄丸辅助激素人工周期治疗法加减辨治DOR,可有效提升患者Treg细胞免疫功能,改善卵巢血流动力学水平,降低性激素水平,提升DOR患者妊娠结局水平,且安全性高,具有较高的临床价值。