男女性强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者临床特征及生活质量的比较

【摘要】 目的：探讨男女性强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）胸腰椎后凸畸形患者临床特征及生活质量的差异。方法：选取2009年5月~2013年2月在我院手术治疗的51例AS患者,其中男31例,女20例,年龄21~62岁,平均40.6岁。所有患者均填写Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、巴氏AS疾病活动指数（Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index,BASDAI）、巴氏AS功能指数（Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index,BASFI）、巴氏AS计量指数（Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index,BASMI）、巴氏AS总体评分（Bath ankylosing spondylitis global score,BAS-G）、巴氏AS放射指数（Bath ankylosing spondylitis radiology index,BASRI）及SF-36量表;同时记录其发病年龄、病程、血沉（erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR）、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）、人类白细胞抗原-B27亚型（HLA-B27）;在立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量全脊柱最大后凸角（global kyphosis,GK）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆投射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilting,PT）及骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）。比较男性组与女性组发病年龄、病程、ESR、CRP、HLA-B27阳性率、TK、GK、LL、SVA、PI、PT、SS、ODI、BASDAI、BASFI、BASMI、BAS-G、BASRI及SF-36量表各维度之间的差异。结果：男女比例为1.6∶1。与男性组比较,女性组发病年龄较晚、病程较短、ESR和CRP水平较高及HLA-B27阳性率较低（P<0.05）。与男性组比较,女性组表现出较高的ODI、BASDAI、BASRI评分及较低的BASMI评分（P<0.05）,两组BASFI及BAS-G无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数中,与男性组比较,女性组表现出较大的GK、SVA（P<0.05）,两组TK、LL、PI、PT及SS均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。SF-36量表各维度中,女性组情感职能得分、精神健康得分低于男性组,而生理功能得分、社会功能得分高于男性组（P<0.05）,两组生理职能、身体疼痛、总体健康状况及活力得分无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：在行手术治疗的AS患者中,男女比例为1.6∶1。与男性AS患者相比,女性患者病情较重,且发病年龄较晚,病程较短。此外,男性AS患者生理功能、社会功能受到明显的限制,而女性AS患者情感职能、精神健康受到明显的损害。     

Hard palate thickness for temporary anchorage devices placement: Differences in sex and ethnicity

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine variations in hard palate thickness among sexes and four ethnic groups to identify optimum area for temporary anchorage devices (TADs) placement.Materials and methodsCone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volume data on 160 patients were selected. Patients belonged to one of four ethnic groups (Asian, African-American, Caucasian or Hispanic; 20 men and 20 women in each group, 16–45 years old). Hard palate thickness from the incisor fossa to the palatal root of the maxillary first molar was determined on each image and compared between sexes and ethnic groups.ResultsThe data revealed that thickness was greatest at the paramedian area in the incisive canal zone (C-zone) and the median area posterior to the incisive foramen. A significant difference in thickness of palate was confirmed between sexes, and was approximately 0.5 mm and 1 mm greater in men at the median and paramedian, respectively. Among ethnic groups, a trend of decreasing thickness was as follows: Caucasian > Hispanic > African-American > Asian.ConclusionThe anterior (incisive canal zone) paramedian and posterior median areas of the hard palate were thicker and suggest that these areas are appropriate for TADs placement. Some differences were also observed local to the paramedian in the C-zone among ethnicities. This indicates that sex and ethnicity should be taken into consideration in selecting sites for placement of TADs.     

Les Centres Ressources pour les Intervenants auprès des Auteurs de Violences Sexuelles (CRIAVS)

Resources Centres for People working with Sex Offenders (RCPSO) are public services devoted to tackling sexual violence. Created following the April 2006 circular related to the evaluation and treatment of sex offenders, centres are regional multidisciplinary teams (e.g. psychiatrist, psychologist, sexologist, nurse, lawyer, sociologists, librarians, etc.) aim at: - developing primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of sexual violence; supporting professionals working with sex offenders (e.g. case studies, assessment, referral); - improving multi-agency network and partnerships to facilitate the articulation between health and justice systems in the context of penally ordered care; - multidisciplinary training (initial training and continuing professional development) of professionals and informing the public; - ensuring access to knowledge by free access to an online multilingual database of reference documents related to sexual violence (http://theseas.reseaudoc.org/opac/); - initiating, supporting and disseminating research and innovation in the field of sexual violence prevention. In 2009, a national federation was created, the French Federation of Resources Centres for People working with Sex Offenders (FFRCPSO), allowing for national efforts, visibility and projects. The FFRCPSO has developed national and international multi-agency partnerships and support innovative projects. For instance, the ELIS study was the first national study to investigate a penally ordered care measure (“care injunction”), its use, conduct, implementation and output, providing national data and highlighting both strengths and weaknesses. In June 2018, the national consortium on the prevention, evaluation and treatment of sex offenders gathered 15 national key stakeholders and organisations leading to the identification of key actions and 35 recommendations. These recommendations outline a multi-levelled national strategy to tackle sexual violence emphasising communication, prevention in key populations, training for all professionals, evaluation and treatment at key stages and needs for further research. Among these recommendations and based on international successes, was the creation of a national evaluation and referral helpline for minor-attracted persons. In November 2019, the pilot phase and evaluation of the national evaluation and referral helpline was launched.     

Evaluation of fosphenytoin,levetiracetam, and propofol as treatments for nerve agent-induced seizures in pediatric and adult rats

Multiple recent instances of nerve agent (NA) exposure in civilian populations have occurred, resulting in a variety of negative effects and lethality in both adult and pediatric populations. Seizures are a prominent effect of NAs that can result in neurological damage and contribute to their lethality. Current anticonvulsant treatments for NAs are approved for adults, but no approved pediatric treatments exist. Further, the vast majority of NA-related research in animals has been conducted in adult male subjects. There is a need for research that includes female and pediatric populations in testing. In this project, adult and pediatric male and female rats were challenged with sarin or VX and then treated with fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, or propofol. In this study, fosphenytoin and levetiracetam failed to terminate seizure activity when animals were treated 5 min after seizure onset. Propofol was effective, exhibiting high efficacy and potency for terminating seizure activity quickly in pediatric and adult animals, suggesting it may be an effective anticonvulsant for NA-induced seizures in pediatric populations.     

Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal,but not reported NIH funding

Neuroscience research has historically demonstrated sex bias that favors male over female research subjects, as well as sex omission, which is the lack of reporting sex. Here we analyzed the status of sex bias and omission in neuroscience research published across six different journals in 2017. Regarding sex omission, 16% of articles did not report sex. Regarding sex bias, 52% of neuroscience articles reported using both males and females, albeit only 15% of articles using both males and females reported assessing sex as an experimental variable. Overrepresentation of the sole use of males compared to females persisted (26% versus 5%, respectively). Sex bias and omission differed across research models, but not by reported NIH funding status. Sex omission differed across journals. These findings represent the latest information regarding the complex status of sex in neuroscience research and illustrate the continued need for thoughtful and informed action to enhance scientific discovery.     

荆防颗粒对雌性小鼠性激素的影响

目的：探讨荆防颗粒对雌性小鼠雌激素和雄激素水平的影响。方法：将4周龄雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组,荆防颗粒高、中、低剂量组,分别给予去离子水和荆防颗粒溶液连续灌胃4 d,检测小鼠血清雌二醇和睾酮水平,检测小鼠血清不同时间点雌二醇水平变化;将8周龄雌性C57小鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,荆防颗粒高、中、低剂量组,将小鼠背部脱去毛发,荆防颗粒组和模型组给予二氢睾酮皮下注射,对照组给予注射用大豆油皮下注射,对照组和模型组用去离子水灌胃,荆防颗粒组用荆防颗粒溶液连续灌胃18 d,观察小鼠背部毛发生长情况,检测血清睾酮、雌二醇水平,观察皮肤和卵巢病理变化。结果：荆防颗粒可以升高正常小鼠血清雌二醇水平,降低睾酮含量（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,荆防颗粒能降低外源性雌二醇的峰谷波动幅度,减缓雌二醇的代谢;与模型组比较,荆防颗粒可以升高雄激素性斑秃模型雌性小鼠血清中的雌二醇水平,降低睾酮水平（P<0.05）,并具有一定的促进毛发生长和卵巢保护作用,与对照组睾酮浓度比较无明显降低作用。结论：荆防颗粒可以促进正常雌性小鼠的雌激素分泌,对外源性性激素引起的性激素水平异常具有调节作用,并且对雄激素性斑秃模型小鼠具有一定的促毛发生长和卵巢保护作用。