Characteristics of normal newborn transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions: Ear asymmetries and sex effects

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded from more than 30000 newborns over a six year period. Analysis was performed on all the TEOAEs that passed the bedside universal hearing screen (n=60431), in order to characterize the normal properties of neonatal TEOAEs and to study ear and sex effects. Short recording times (median=33 s) were observed in combination with high entire TEOAE level (median=18.8 dB SPL for an 81.8 dB SPL peak stimulus), and high reproducibility (median=86%). Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the TEOAE was highly frequency-dependent, being poorer at low frequencies. Prolonged averaging increased median reproducibility to 97%, but the minor S/N-improvement at low frequencies did not justify the longer test time. Highly significant mean lateral asymmetries (right >left) and sex differences (female >male) existed in entire TEOAE level, S/N TEOAE, and in half-octave frequency bands (700–4000 Hz). Mean lateral and sex entire TEOAE level differences were 1.1 dB and 1.3 dB, respectively. Stimulus levels were not affected by ear or sex. Hence, physiological differences at the level of organ of Corti were demonstrated in newborns.     

Characterising the ocular surface and tear film in a population-based birth cohort of 45-year old New Zealand men and women

PurposeTo assess the prevalence of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency, meibomian gland dysfunction, and asymptomatic ocular surface disease in a population-based cohort of 45-year-old New Zealand men and women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study of 885 participants (442 females, 443 males) was based on a population-representative birth cohort of individuals born between April 1 1972 and March 31 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand (the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental Study). Participants were assessed at 45 years of age, and dry eye symptomology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated for each participant within a single clinical session. The diagnosis of dry eye disease was made according to the validated rapid non-invasive dry eye assessment algorithm.ResultsClinical dry eye signs were present in 402 (45%) participants, of which 78 (9%) participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease, and 322 (37%) had asymptomatic ocular surface disease. Among participants with dry eye disease, 22 (2%) exhibited aqueous tear deficiency, and 65 (7%) had meibomian gland dysfunction. Females were more likely to be affected by dry eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction, and asymptomatic ocular surface disease (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsClinical dry eye signs were present in almost half of this population-based cohort of 45-year-old New Zealanders, although only 9% of participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease. The high prevalence of asymptomatic ocular surface disease presents an opportunity for preventative public health intervention.     

不同性别系统性红斑狼疮患儿的临床特征及随访比较

目的 对不同性别系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患儿的临床特征及随访情况进行比较。方法 回顾性分析2008~2018年确诊为SLE的≤14岁患儿79例（男18例,女61例）的临床资料,对男女儿童首发及主要临床症状、器官/系统损害情况、相关实验室指标、随访情况等进行对比研究。结果 首发症状及非首发症状中,男童组以发热发生率最高,女童组以面部红斑发生率最高。男童更易出现肾脏和血液系统的损害（P < 0.05）,其中蛋白尿发生率较女童明显升高（P < 0.05）。女童更易出现关节痛（P < 0.05）。两组抗核抗体、抗双链DNA抗体、补体C3、红细胞沉降率的异常率均很高（>80%,P > 0.05）。男童组的疾病活动度在首次就诊及随访至第9年时高于女童组（P < 0.05）。随访结果显示（随访时间1个月至10年）,在男童组中,3例失访,1例死亡,7例病情控制良好,但均需口服较大剂量激素或免疫抑制控制病情,2例发展为慢性肾功能衰竭,1例出现狼疮脑病。女童组中,3例失访,5例死亡,34例病情控制良好,其中口服醋酸泼尼松10 mg以下维持的有5例,停药1年的1例,停药2年的2例;4例出现狼疮脑病;1例在患病后第7年出现抑郁焦虑状态并有自杀倾向;2例出现视力下降、视物模糊、绿视;1例在服用激素第3年出现双侧股骨头缺血坏死。结论 不同性别SLE患儿的临床特征、部分实验室指标及预后存在差异。男性SLE患儿可能起病更重,更易发生肾脏及血液系统损害,且远期预后可能更差。女性SLE患儿可能更易累及关节。     

补肾壮阳方对动物微循环和性激素水平的影响

目的：观察补肾壮阳方对动物微循环及对未成年大鼠性激素水平的影响。方法：小鼠灌胃给药后，测定小鼠耳廓微循环血管管径和血流速度。大鼠灌胃给药，收集血液，放免法测定睾酮和促黄体生成素水平。显微镜观察提睾肌微循环情况，记录微血管图像，计算微血管管径变化率。结果：该方显著扩张小鼠耳廓和雄性大鼠提睾肌的微动脉及微静脉，但对成年雄性大鼠的睾酮和促黄体生成素水平影响较小。结论：补肾壮阳方对小鼠耳廓微循环及雄性大鼠提睾肌微循环具有明显改善作用，但对未成年雄性大鼠雄性激素水平影响极小。     

Sex selective feticide in India

Regarding sex selective abortion in India, all are aware of exclusive female disadvantage. And yet few study reported sizeable selective male feticide as such. This exercise reveals that: (1) the age-old son-preference has slightly declined on the end of the twentieth century, and (2) a substantial selective male feticide are also being committed annually, of course, along with larger selective female feticide.     

绝经过渡期妇女卵巢体积及动脉血流量改变对性激素和脂代谢的影响

目的 探讨绝经过渡期妇女卵巢体积及动脉血流量改变对性激素和脂代谢的影响.方法 选择绝经过渡期妇女106例纳入观察组,同时选择行月经正常妇女98例纳入对照组.比较2组卵巢体积及血流动力学指标,性激素、血脂水平并对卵巢体积及血流动力学与性激素、血脂指标进行相关性分析.结果 观察组卵巢体积明显小于对照组,RI较对照组明显增加,PI则明显降低（P＜0.05）.观察组FSH、LH明显低于对照组,E2、P则明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组FSH、LH、E2、P均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组血清TC、TG、HDL、LDL均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.RI与FSH、LH、E2及P呈正相关（P＜0.05）.PI与FSH、LH、E2及P负相关（P＜0.05）.RI与TC、LDL呈正相关（P＜0.05）.PI与TC、LDL呈负相关（P＜0.05）.结论 绝经过渡期妇女卵巢体积缩小、动脉血流动力学已发生较明显改变,同时伴有卵巢功能下降,性激素水平不稳定、血脂水平等改变,进而加速了绝经过渡期妇女卵巢衰退.     

太原理工大学学生艾滋病和性知识及性行为调查

目的了解艾滋病以及相关性知识在大学生中普及和掌握情况,为学校公共安全干预教育提供科学依据。方法自行设计大学生艾滋病和性知识性态度调查表,全部数据采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行分析。并对结果进行χ2检验。结果大学生艾滋病的相关知识培训前后知晓率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大学生公共卫生安全意识需要加强,使其采纳健康的生活方式。     

PCOS患者治疗前后性激素的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗、肥胖的关系

目的探究多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者治疗前后性激素的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)、肥胖的关系。方法回顾性选取2020年1～12月山西省儿童医院(山西省妇幼保健院)妇产科及生殖医学中心接收的80例PCOS患者作为实验组,另收集正常育龄妇女75名为对照组。其中实验组给予饮食、锻炼指导及盐酸二甲双胍和炔雌醇环丙孕酮片等基础治疗,比较实验组治疗前后与对照组相关性激素[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)]的变化。并根据IR将实验组分为PCOS-IR组(n=49)与PCOS-非IR组(n=31),根据体重指数(BMI)将实验组分为PCOS肥胖组(BMI≥25 kg/m²,n=50)与PCOS非肥胖组(BMI≥25 kg/m²,n=30),分析性激素与IR、肥胖的关系。结果实验组治疗前FSH水平为(7.63±3.64) IU/L,显著低于对照组[(10.21±5.01) IU/L],而T、LH水平为(3.18±2.01)nmol/L、(19.13±9.96) IU/L,显著高于对照组[(1.05±0.55) nmol/L、(11.38±...     

Two novel loci,COBL and SLC10A2, for Alzheimer's disease in African Americans

Introduction

African Americans' (AAs) late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) genetic risk profile is incompletely understood. Including clinical covariates in genetic analyses using informed conditioning might improve study power.

广西地区50975例孕妇无创产前筛查分析

目的 探讨无创产前筛查(NIPS)在胎儿染色体非整倍体异常(CAA)及全基因组拷贝数变异(CNV)筛查中的临床应用价值.方法 选择2018年1月至2019年12月,广西壮族自治区60余家医疗机构采集血液样本后送至本院完成NIPS的50975例单胎孕妇为研究对象.其分娩年龄为13～54岁,高龄孕妇(分娩时年龄≥35岁)为...