深圳地区男男性接触者性病艾滋病知识及相关高危性行为调查

目的:了解深圳地区男男性接触者性病艾滋病高危行为状况,为高危人群行为干预提供科学依据。方法:知情同意原则下填写调查问卷,收集整理资料后进行分析。结果:203例男男性接触者中,年龄最小15岁,最大57岁,平均年龄26岁。学历以高中/中专为主(38.9%),婚姻状况以未婚为主(86.7%),主要居住在罗湖(47.78%)、福田(23.65%)。首次性行为年龄最小12岁,最大30岁,52.2%的男男性接触者第一个性伴为男性,平均性伴数31个;双性恋占47.3%,同性恋占43.8%,异性恋占2.0%;过去6个月与男性肛交每次都用安全套仅41.4%;14.3%回答曾经与外国人发生性接触;12.3%回答曾有医生护士或保健人员告之得了某种性病;54.2%做过HIV检测。结论:男男性接触者普遍多性伴,安全套使用率相对较低,加强对MSM的性病艾滋病防治已刻不容缓。     

性病门诊患者的感染源和求医行为特征分析

目的　探讨性病患者的感染源、求医和防病等行为特征。方法　对上海市 3个性病门诊的 474例患者进行了问卷调查和深入访谈。结果　发现 94 1 %的性病是通过性接触而感染 ,70 3%的已婚女性把感染源归咎于其丈夫 ,而 80 %以上的已婚男性和未婚男女从临时性伴和卖淫嫖娼途径感染上性病。供销员、服务员、个体经营者和无业人员等职业人群易从非婚性接触感染性病 ,且避孕套使用率低。 74 5 %因为有了症状才求医 ;分别只有 82 7%、6 2 2 %、5 7 1 %和 30 0 %性病患者表示会鼓励其配偶、同居者、暗娼和临时性伴就诊作性病检测 ;虽然女性患者的求医行为较为积极 ,但性病患者整体上治病不及时 ,男女同治率低 ,避孕套使用率低。在卖淫嫖娼者中 ,避孕套使用率不到 4 2 %,即使知道感染性病后使用率也只有 9 7%左右。结论　对性病患者应加强咨询和健康教育 ,减少性伴数和慎重选择性伴 ,坚持正确地使用避孕套 ,鼓励男女同治 ,提高防病意识 ,接受健康的生活方式     

性传播感染人群和普通人群几种少见支原体的检测

目的了解性传播感染(STI)人群和普通人群中几种少见支原体感染状况。方法用套式PCR(NestedPCR)方法对STI人群和普通人群的尿道(宫颈)分泌物进行生殖支原体(Mg)、穿通支原体(Mpe)、梨支原体(Mpi)和发酵支原体(Mf)的检测。结果STI人群的阳性率分别为Mg19.32%(1788)、Mpe9.09%(888)、Mpi2.27%(288)和Mf0(088)。普通人群的阳性率分别为Mg0.58%(1171)、Mpe0(0171)、Mpi1.17%(2171)和Mf1.75%(3171),统计学分析表明,两组中Mg(χ2=36.14,P<0.0001)、Mpe(P<0.0001)阳性率有显著差异,提示在STI人群中Mg和Mpe的检出率显著高于普通人群,而Mpi和Mf无显著性差异(P>0.05)。男性STI人群中Mg、Mpe检出率显著高于普通人群(P<0.001),Mpi无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在女性STI人群中,Mg检出率也非常显著高于普通人群(P<0.001),但Mpe、Mpi、Mf在两个人群中均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。普通人群中男性均未检出Mg、Mpe、Mpi和Mf。结论Mg、Mpe可能通过性接触传播,与尿道炎和宫颈炎有一定相关性,对STI人群中的Mg、Mpe感染问题应作进一步的研究。     

西安市2004-2006年性传播疾病流行状况分析

目的了解西安地区2004-2006年性传播疾病(STD)流行趋势和特点。方法对2004-2006年STD疫情报告资料进行统计分析。结果2004-2006年共报告STD22481例,年平均报告发病率为101.55/10万,发病呈逐年下降趋势;非淋菌性尿道炎居首位,淋病次之;但梅毒、尖锐湿疣和生殖器疱疹呈上升趋势。女性发病稍高于男性。20-40岁为高发人群,15岁以下儿童性病发病呈增加趋势。结论STD报告病例数逐年降低,但低年龄组人群发病有所增加,因此STD的预防和控制工作仍需有针对性的加大力度。     

磁共振与多层螺旋CT诊断肝脏局灶性病变的比较

目的比较磁共振与多层螺旋CT诊断肝脏局灶性病变的准确率,探讨两者诊断的价值。方法收集我科初诊的45例肝脏疾病患者,回顾性分析其病例资料,比较磁共振和多层螺旋CT对肝脏局灶性病变诊断的准确率和准确性。结果两种方法诊断肝脏恶性肿瘤与良性肿瘤的诊断例数比较存在统计学意义。对于几种典型疾病的检出,两种方法的检出准确率分别为61．2％（30／49）,87．5％（49／56）。结论磁共振对肝脏局灶性病变的定性诊断能力优于多层螺旋CT。患者在临床诊断肝脏病变性质时应首先选择磁共振。     

The H₁-H₂ domain of the α₁ isoform of Na+-K+-ATPase is involved in ouabain toxicity in rat ventricular myocytes

Metals and metalloid species are involved in homeostasis in energy systems such as glucose metabolism. Enlarged adipocytes are one of the most important causes of obesity-associated diseases. In this study, we studied the possibility that various metals, namely, CoCl₂, HgCl₂, NaAsO₂ and MnCl₂ pose risk to or have beneficial effects on white adipose tissue (WAT). Exposure to the four metals resulted in decreases in WAT weight and the size of enlarged adipocytes in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) without changes in liver weight, suggesting that the size and function of adipocytes are sensitive to metals. Repeated administration of CoCl₂ significantly increased serum leptin, adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and normalized glucose level and adipose cell size in mice fed HFD. In contrast, HgCl₂ treatment significantly decreased serum leptin level with the down-regulation of leptin mRNA expression in WAT and a reduction in adipocyte size. Next, we tried to investigate possible factors that affect adipocyte size. Repeated exposure to HgCl₂ significantly decreased the expression levels of factors upon the regulation of energy such as the PPARα and PPARγ mRNA expression levels in adipocytes, whereas CoCl₂ had little effect on those genes expressions compared with that in the case of the mice fed HFD with a vehicle. In addition, repeated administration of CoCl₂ enhanced AMPK activation in a dose-dependent manner in the liver, skeletal muscle and WAT; HgCl₂ treatment also enhanced AMPK activation in the liver. Thus, both Co and Hg reduced WAT weight and the size of enlarged adipocytes, possibly mediated by AMKP activation in the mice fed HFD. However, inorganic cobalt may have a preventive role in obesity-related diseases through increased leptin, adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol levels, whereas inorganic mercury may accelerate the development of such diseases. These results may lead to the development of new approaches to establishing the role of metals in adipose tissue of obesity-related diseases.     

北京娱乐场所女性性工作者AIDS/STD干预累积效果评价

目的了解女性性工作者(FSWs)接受性病艾滋病干预的累积效果。方法采用横断面方法,对娱乐场所FSWs进行面对面问卷调查,内容包括过去接受干预情况及效果。结果共调查201名FSWs,干预累积效果显示,性病艾滋病知识得分受接受性病艾滋病宣传教育、免费HIV检测和发放安全套次数的影响;主动检测HIV次数受VCT宣传、免费性病检测次数的影响;主动检查性病受VCT宣传、免费HIV检测和免费性病检查次数的影响;婚姻状况、知识得分是最近一次与临时男性发生性行为使用安全套的影响因素,免费HIV检测是最近一个月与临时男性发生性行为使用安全套的影响因素。结论不同的性病艾滋病干预效果受不同干预措施的影响,不断对FSWs实施干预,将会产生干预的累积效果。     

吉林市围产期妇女性传播疾病调查分析

目的了解吉林市孕产妇性传播疾病(STD)患病情况。方法对2010年1月1日至2010年12月31日吉林市五家医院进行产前检查的3287名产前检查的孕妇做梅毒筛查,STD检测及问卷调查。结果围产期妇女性传播疾病患病率为2.8%。结论目前围产期妇女STD患病率较高,应加强育龄期妇女的健康教育及STD对孕妇新生儿危害性知识的普及。     

上海地区建筑工人安全套使用的知信行及影响因素研究

目的了解上海地区建筑工人安全套使用的知识、态度及使用情况,以及相关的影响因素,为进一步推广使用安全套提供依据。方法随机选择上海三个区18个工地的1871名工人,进行面对面问卷调查,内容包括基本人口学特征、工作经历、生活情况、安全套使用的知识和态度以及相关行为等。结果上海地区的建筑工人以已婚男性为主,平均年龄(39±10.4)岁,初中及以下文化水平的占80.8%;安全套的知识和态度得分较低;与非固定性伴每次使用安全套的比例为53.3%,明显高于固定性伴的10.6%(P0.001);年龄越大、同居、已婚/再婚、每日工作时间越长的工人,使用安全套的频率越低,OR值依次为0.57、0.22、0.46和0.71。结论建筑工人由于其流动性大、性行为活跃、安全套知识匮乏、安全套使用比例低等特点,将成为艾滋病/性病经性传播的重要桥梁人群,需在该人群中加大力度进行安全性行为的教育和推广使用安全套。     

Incomplete knowledge--unclarified roles in sex education: results of a national survey about human papillomavirus infections

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections both in male and female adults in Hungary. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was completed by 785 college students and parents between January and May, 2009. The results were analysed by gender and age. Participants' knowledge about HPV and HPV-associated conditions was relatively incomplete. One-third of the respondents had never heard about HPV prior to the survey. Almost half of the respondents (42%) thought that the only sexual way of spreading HPV was vaginal intercourse, while the role of skin-to-skin contact was disregarded (6%). More than one-third of the participants (38%) believed that condoms give full protection from HPV infection. Encouragingly, the majority of respondents (64%) were open to further information about sexually transmitted diseases. The most trusted sources of information were health professionals. When talking about children, parents attributed the major role in delivering information about sexually transmitted diseases to schools. Primary prevention through carefully planned educational programmes may further raise the awareness about HPV-associated conditions, thus reducing the comparatively high mortality of cervical carcinoma in Hungary.