260名九江市男男性行为者HIV/STD相关知识行为及感染状况调查

目的调查九江市男男性行为者（MSM）梅毒、HIV感染及知识行为现状,了解其流行特征,探讨对该人群实施行为干预的模式,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用同伴推动抽样（RDS）方法,对九江市260名MSM人群开展横断面匿名问卷调查,并对自愿参加检测的人员采集血样进行梅毒、艾滋病病毒（HIV）检测。结果在最近六个月内,93.46%的MSM有男性性伴,只有21.40%的MSM每次都使用了安全套;而17.69%曾与女性发生过性行为,只有8.70%每次都使用了安全套。被调查者艾滋病知识平均知晓率为91.92%,而性病艾滋病检查及治疗接受率很低。近一年内只有40人（15.4%）曾主动检测过HIV抗体,梅毒感染率为3.08%,HIV感染率为1.92%。结论九江市MSM人群中艾滋病感染危险意识薄弱,不安全性行为频繁,梅毒、HIV感染率较高,对MSM人群开展艾滋病预防工作应注重教育的针对性、科学性和相关服务的及时提供。     

梧州市632名男性性病就诊者HIV/STD感染调查及高危行为分析

目的了解男性性病就诊者性病、艾滋病感染状况以及高危行为的影响。方法对2009年7月1日-2010年3月30日到男性性病门诊就诊的632名男性性病就诊者,进行面对面无关联匿名问卷调查并采血作HIV和梅毒抗体的检测、留取中段尿作淋球菌以及沙眼衣原体检测。结果最小年龄为16岁,最大的85岁,年龄大于40岁的（不包括40岁）占31.33%（198/632）。40岁以下（包括40岁）占71.84%（454/632）,38.6%的男性性病就诊者最近3个月与小姐（FSW）发生过性行为,其中最近1次与小姐发生性行为时安全套的使用率为27.27%,26.44%的男性性病就诊者最近3个月与临时性伴发生过性行为,其中最近1次与临时性伴发生性行为时安全套的使用率为23.64%,1.45%的男性性病就诊者曾经与男性发生过性行为。艾滋病感染率为0.79%,40岁以上的占感染者的80%,淋球菌感染率3.15%,沙眼衣原体感染率为5.51%,梅毒感染率为8.92%。结论男性性病就诊者人群已经发现性病、艾滋病感染,应加强对男性性病就诊者人群开展性病艾滋病的宣传教育工作。     

卫九项目四省(区)一般人群艾滋病/性病相关KAP现状调查分析

[目的]了解卫九项目四省/区(新疆、山西、广西、福建)一般人群艾滋病/性病相关知识、态度与行为状况,为进一步开展有针对性的干预提供依据。[方法]在项目实施末期对项目的4省(区)进行横断面调查,共调查1066人。[结果]在项目覆盖地区,一般人群总知识知晓率省会城市为7.5%,地(市)为10.0%,县(市)为17.4%,而没有项目覆盖的对照县仅为3.8%(P﹤0.01);80.0%知识知晓率,省会城市为50.0%,地(市)为51.2%,县(市)为55.0%,而没有项目覆盖的对照县仅为40.2%(P﹤0.01)。[结论]卫九项目针对一般人群的干预活动覆盖了大部分的目标人群,提高了该人群艾滋病/性病的知信行水平。     

浙江省性病门诊就诊者艾滋病及性病知识与行为研究

目的了解性病门诊就诊者艾滋病/性病相关知识掌握情况及其同艾滋病/性病相关行为、危险意识等之间的关系。方法2007年10-12月对浙江省4个性病门诊就诊者艾滋病/性病相关知识、行为和危险意识开展问卷调查。用SPSS 13.0统计软件,采用单因素和多因素分析方法对相关知识水平及知识和行为等之间的关系进行统计学分析,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果研究对象艾滋病相关知识知晓水平,男性为53.0%-64.8%,女性为43.8%-58.8%;性病相关问题知识知晓率男性为30.2%-45.5%,女性为29.7%-36.6%;男性和女性知识得分高与曾经使用安全套,过去6个月接受人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体检测相关联。结论本研究结果表明,性病门诊就诊者艾滋病/性病相关知识水平有待提高。以性病门诊为平台开展艾滋病/性病健康教育,提高就诊者相关知识水平,降低就诊者危险行为,促进HIV抗体检测非常必要。     

暗娼人群性病艾滋病知识及心理状况调查

目的了解重庆市涪陵区暗娼人群性病艾滋病知识和心理健康状况,为此类人群预防控制艾滋病提供依据。方法于2008年采用面对面方式对在重庆市涪陵区娱乐场所的暗娼进行问卷调查。结果调查对象平均年龄20．1岁,艾滋病知识知晓率为61．4％;86．4％的暗娼人群有性病相关症状,大部分未及时治疗。对暗娼人群进行的心理调查显示,除人际关系敏感因子分外,其余的因子分均显著高于全国常模。结论应根据该人群的心理状况,有针对性地进行艾滋病知识宣传和行为干预。     

磁共振与多层螺旋CT诊断肝脏局灶性病变的比较

目的比较磁共振与多层螺旋CT诊断肝脏局灶性病变的准确率,探讨两者诊断的价值。方法收集我科初诊的45例肝脏疾病患者,回顾性分析其病例资料,比较磁共振和多层螺旋CT对肝脏局灶性病变诊断的准确率和准确性。结果两种方法诊断肝脏恶性肿瘤与良性肿瘤的诊断例数比较存在统计学意义。对于几种典型疾病的检出,两种方法的检出准确率分别为61．2％（30／49）,87．5％（49／56）。结论磁共振对肝脏局灶性病变的定性诊断能力优于多层螺旋CT。患者在临床诊断肝脏病变性质时应首先选择磁共振。     

The H₁-H₂ domain of the α₁ isoform of Na+-K+-ATPase is involved in ouabain toxicity in rat ventricular myocytes

Metals and metalloid species are involved in homeostasis in energy systems such as glucose metabolism. Enlarged adipocytes are one of the most important causes of obesity-associated diseases. In this study, we studied the possibility that various metals, namely, CoCl₂, HgCl₂, NaAsO₂ and MnCl₂ pose risk to or have beneficial effects on white adipose tissue (WAT). Exposure to the four metals resulted in decreases in WAT weight and the size of enlarged adipocytes in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) without changes in liver weight, suggesting that the size and function of adipocytes are sensitive to metals. Repeated administration of CoCl₂ significantly increased serum leptin, adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and normalized glucose level and adipose cell size in mice fed HFD. In contrast, HgCl₂ treatment significantly decreased serum leptin level with the down-regulation of leptin mRNA expression in WAT and a reduction in adipocyte size. Next, we tried to investigate possible factors that affect adipocyte size. Repeated exposure to HgCl₂ significantly decreased the expression levels of factors upon the regulation of energy such as the PPARα and PPARγ mRNA expression levels in adipocytes, whereas CoCl₂ had little effect on those genes expressions compared with that in the case of the mice fed HFD with a vehicle. In addition, repeated administration of CoCl₂ enhanced AMPK activation in a dose-dependent manner in the liver, skeletal muscle and WAT; HgCl₂ treatment also enhanced AMPK activation in the liver. Thus, both Co and Hg reduced WAT weight and the size of enlarged adipocytes, possibly mediated by AMKP activation in the mice fed HFD. However, inorganic cobalt may have a preventive role in obesity-related diseases through increased leptin, adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol levels, whereas inorganic mercury may accelerate the development of such diseases. These results may lead to the development of new approaches to establishing the role of metals in adipose tissue of obesity-related diseases.     

Clinically Significant Depressive Symptoms as a Risk Factor for HIV Infection Among Black MSM in Massachusetts

High rates of depression have been observed among men who have sex with men (MSM) relative to the general adult male population; however, a dearth of research has explored depression among Black MSM. Black MSM (n = 197) recruited via modified respondent-driven sampling between January and July 2008 completed an interviewer-administered quantitative assessment and voluntary HIV counseling and testing. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression procedures examined the associations of demographics, behavioral HIV risk factors, and psychosocial variables with depressive symptoms by severity, using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Adjusting for demographic and behavioral variables, significant factors associated with (1) clinically significant depressive symptoms (33%; CES-D score ≥ 16): being publicly insured by Medicaid, having serodiscordant anal sex with a casual male partner, and being diagnosed with an STD in the prior 12 months; (2) moderate depressive symptoms (19%; CES-D score 16–26): having serodiscordant unprotected anal sex with a casual male partner and being diagnosed with an STD in the prior 12 months; (3) severe depressive symptoms (14%; CES-D score 27+): being publicly insured by Medicaid and reporting difficulty accessing healthcare in the past 12 months. Moderately depressed Black MSM may be more likely to engage in behaviors that place them at increased risk for HIV and other STDs. HIV prevention interventions for Black MSM may benefit from incorporating screening and/or treatment for depression, allowing MSM who are depressed to respond more effectively to behavioral change approaches.     

北京娱乐场所女性性工作者AIDS/STD干预累积效果评价

目的了解女性性工作者(FSWs)接受性病艾滋病干预的累积效果。方法采用横断面方法,对娱乐场所FSWs进行面对面问卷调查,内容包括过去接受干预情况及效果。结果共调查201名FSWs,干预累积效果显示,性病艾滋病知识得分受接受性病艾滋病宣传教育、免费HIV检测和发放安全套次数的影响;主动检测HIV次数受VCT宣传、免费性病检测次数的影响;主动检查性病受VCT宣传、免费HIV检测和免费性病检查次数的影响;婚姻状况、知识得分是最近一次与临时男性发生性行为使用安全套的影响因素,免费HIV检测是最近一个月与临时男性发生性行为使用安全套的影响因素。结论不同的性病艾滋病干预效果受不同干预措施的影响,不断对FSWs实施干预,将会产生干预的累积效果。     

2009年十堰市性病流行病学分析

目的了解十堰市性传播疾病的流行特点,有针对性的开展性病防治工作。方法用性病疫情管理软件及Excel软件对十堰市2009年性病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果十堰市2009年累计报告性病病例1298例。较2008年下降了10．85％,发病率为37．62／10万。其中男性病例占报告病例总数的48．15％,女性病例占报告病例总数的51．85％,男女之比为1：1．07,女性感染比例上升较快。年龄主要集中在20-、30-、40-及50岁组以上,四者合计占报告病例总数的94．99％。结论十堰市性病疫情呈下降趋势。但是梅毒疫情呈快速上升趋势,应加强重点人群性病的监测与防治。