2010年乌鲁木齐市高新区(新市区)性病监测点性病流行病学分析

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市高新区(新市区)性病监测点性病的发病趋势和流行特征,为今后制定监测点性病防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用中国疾病预防控制信息系统"疾病监测信息报告管理系统"和Excel 2003统计软件对乌鲁木齐市高新区(新市区)2010年网络直报的性病疫情数据进行分析,并与2009年进行比较。结果高新区(新市区)累计报告5种性病2 307例,其中男性1 166例,女性1 141例,男女性别比为1.02∶1;总报告发病率为576.75/10万;报告病例最多的病种为梅毒(71.09%),其次为尖锐湿疣(12.96%);年龄以≥50岁与20～40岁为主,实验室诊断占85.83%;职业以待业人员(1 111例)和农民(281例)为主。结论 2010年新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市高新区(新市区)性病监测点性病报告发病率除梅毒和生殖道沙眼衣原体感染报告病例较2009年有所增长外,余4种性病报告病例数均有不同程度下降。     

性病门诊患者支原体检测及药敏分析

目的 了解近年性病（Sexually transmitted diseases,STD）门诊患者支原体感染及耐药情况。方法对446例STD门诊患者进行支原体培养,并对阳性标本做9种抗生素药敏试验。采用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试验盒进行检测。结果446例中支原体阳性211例,感染率为47．31％。解脲脲原体（UU）、人型支原体（MH）及UU＋blH混合感染的阳性率分别为39．46％（176例）、2．02％（9例）、5．83％（26例）。UU对9种药物敏感性最高的是交沙霉素（99．43％）,其次是美满霉素（96．02％）。耐药性最高为氧氟沙星（76．14％）,其次为左氧氟沙星（67．05％）。结论STD门诊支原体感染率高达47．31％,主要为UU引起（39．46％）;交沙霉素是治疗泌尿生殖道UU感染的首选药物。     

Prevalence of HIV,Hepatitis B,Syphilis, and Chlamydia Among Adults Seeking Treatment for a Mental Disorder in Southern India

This study estimated the prevalence, and identified the correlates, of HIV, chlamydia, syphilis, and Hepatitis B among patients seeking treatment for a mental disorder in India. Patients (n = 948) submitted a blood sample for serologic testing and participated in a brief interview. Lifetime prevalence rates were nearly 2% for HIV, 10% for chlamydia, 3% for Hepatitis B, and 3% for syphilis; 15% of patients had evidence of at least one infection. Bivariate associations between infection status and patient characteristics, including age, gender, psychiatric diagnosis, did not reveal any consistent risk profile. Instead, behavioral characteristics (i.e., multiple partners, exchanging sex for money, and engagement in anal sex) were associated with infection status. Recommendations for the sexual health care of psychiatric patients in India are provided. SUPPORT: R01-MH54929 and K02-MH01582 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

Conducting Internet-Based HIV/STD Prevention Survey Research: Considerations in Design and Evaluation

The aim of this paper is to advance rigorous Internet-based HIV/STD Prevention quantitative research by providing guidance to fellow researchers, faculty supervising graduates, human subjects’ committees, and review groups about some of the most common and challenging questions about Internet-based HIV prevention quantitative research. The authors represent several research groups who have gained experience conducting some of the first Internet-based HIV/STD prevention quantitative surveys in the US and elsewhere. Sixteen questions specific to Internet-based HIV prevention survey research are identified. To aid rigorous development and review of applications, these questions are organized around six common criteria used in federal review groups in the US: significance, innovation, approach (broken down further by research design, formative development, procedures, sampling considerations, and data collection); investigator, environment and human subjects’ issues. Strategies promoting minority participant recruitment, minimizing attrition, validating participants, and compensating participants are discussed. Throughout, the implications on budget and realistic timetabling are identified.     

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Self-administered Questionnaire to Measure Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

This research developed and evaluated a brief but comprehensive measure of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) for use in research and applied settings. Questionnaire construction involved a review of empirical precedents as well as qualitative work with STD experts (n = 6) and the target population (n = 40). Eighty-five items were piloted (n = 50) and tested (n = 391) with college students. Item- and test-level analyses identified items that were eliminated to shorten the questionnaire. Factor analyses revealed a two-factor model of STD knowledge, including a Cause/Cure factor and a General Knowledge factor. Six supplemental items were added to the final questionnaire for their public health value and resulted in the 27-item STD-Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ). The STD-KQ demonstrated internal consistency (α = .86) and test–retest reliability (r = .88) over a brief period. Evidence for the validity of the STD-KQ was obtained through a comparison with a validated HIV knowledge questionnaire (Carey & Schroder, 2002); treatment outcome sensitivity was obtained in response to an educational program. Use of the STD-KQ will enable researchers and health educators to identify knowledge deficits, measure knowledge for theory testing, evaluate risk reduction programs, and assess treatment response in research and applied settings.     

北京市朝阳区2005-2008年性病门诊HIV感染状况调查

目的了解性病门诊就诊者HIV感染状况及其人口学和行为学特征,为制定艾滋病（AIDS）预防控制规划及效果评估提供依据。方法按照《北京市HIV哨点监测方案》,对北京市朝阳区哨点监测单位性病门诊就诊者实施哨点监测。结果共监测4181名就诊者,平均年龄33．13岁;男女性别比为2．18：1;户籍本市和外省比例为1：1．24;婚姻状况已婚为主54．99％;文化程度以大专,大学及以上为主37．89％;职业分布中其他最多40．80％。近3个月内有48．84％婚外性伙伴,其中只有25．17％的人正确使用安全套。1145人患有性病占27．38％,HIV抗体阳性18例,感染率6．5％。2．41％的人曾输过血,血制品或卖过血;近3个月有0．62％的人用过毒品。结论性病门诊就诊人群中存在HIV感染的高危因素,必须加强对其相关知识宣传教育和行为干预工作。     

2000—2006年宁德市门诊艾滋病性病监测

目的了解宁德市性病门诊就诊者中艾滋病性病流行状况,为开展预防经性传播感染艾滋病的行为干预提供科学依据。方法2000—2006年,在宁德市和所辖的蕉城区、福安市建立性病门诊就诊者监测哨点,收集艾滋病性病感染状况及其相关危险因素资料。结果3164例性病门诊就诊者检出HIV抗体阳性1例;性病检出率为43．1％,性病以梅毒、尖锐湿疣、非淋、生殖器疱疹、淋病为主;其中梅毒检出率较高（2000年为20．3％,2006年为18．2％）,生殖器疱疹由2000年0．9％升至2006年16．2％。3164人中有婚外性行为者1755人,占55．5％,每次都使用安全套者仅占15．3％。结论宁德市性病门诊就诊者中艾滋病感染水平较低,但由于性病感染水平较高及安全套使用率低等因素的存在,有可能导致艾滋病在该人群中进一步蔓延扩散。     

萍乡市娱乐场所性服务小姐行为干预调查

目的通过在安源区湘东区对商业性服务人员（FSWs）实施一年的行为干预措施,提高FSWs艾滋病（AIDS）、性病（STD）知识知晓率,降低其危险行为。方法对FSWs开展以宣传教育、安全套推广、性病诊疗服务、自愿咨询检测和社区干预网络为主要内容的AIDS综合干预措施,通过比较研究对象干预前后的知识、态度和行为的改变及两区性病发病率来评价干预效果。结果干预前后分别调查140名和187名社区FSWs,研究对象对AIDS知识知晓率从干预前的38.50%提高到干预后的83.32%;最近1周的商业性行为中每次使用安全套的比例由干预前的34.29%%提高到64.71%（χ^2=38.91,P〈0.005）;能正确使用男用安全套的比例由干预前的36.67%上升到66.67%（χ^2=11.088,P=0.001）;安源区干预当年性病发病率比上一年下降29.28%,湘东区下降9.80%;安源区FSWSHIV感染率为0.20%,湘东区FSWSHIV感染率为0.49%。结论采取综合干预措施能有效提高研究对象的AIDS防病知识和安全套使用率,从而降低其感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）及性病的危险性。     

性病患者心理状态及其相关因素分析

目的：调查性病患者焦虑抑郁情绪的发生率及相关因素，方法：采用Zung抑郁自评量表，焦虑自评量表及相关因素问卷进行测评及相关分析，结果：性病患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生率分别为66．7％及65．0％，其发生与患者的病程，疾病的各类，初次就诊情况，性病知识来源，治疗情况及躯体症状密切相关，结论：性病患者存在严重的心理问题，规范治疗同时给予心理干预则有助于性病患者的康复。     

STD就诊者阴道加特纳菌及其它病原体感染研究

目的:探讨女性STD就诊者阴道加特纳菌(GV)及其它病原菌的感染情况.方法:检测疑为STD患者标本890份(患者组)和健康人标本120份(对照组),用实时荧光PCR检测患者解脲脲原体(Uu)、淋病奈瑟菌(NG)、沙眼衣原体(Ct)和阴道加特纳菌(GV),同时用超高倍显微诊断系统在相差视野下镜检念珠菌(CD)和阴道毛滴虫(TV).结果:STD患者组GV的阳性率为32.14%在CD(40.11%)之后占第2位、对照组GV的阳性率为7.5%.结论:STD患者GV阳性率较高,对STD患者应注意GV的检测和治疗.