后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术81例

目的评价经腹膜后腔行腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床价值。方法对我院2002年3月-2005年10月81例后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床资料进行回顾分析，其中21例皮质醇腺瘤，57例醛固酮腺瘤，2例嗜铬细胞瘤，1例双侧肾上腺皮质增生。腰部3个trocar穿刺入路，观察镜直接推移法建立后腹膜腔，超声刀切除肿瘤。结果81例手术均获成功，手术时间20—140min，平均60min；术中出血量20～100ml，平均45ml，术中及术后均未输血。1例术后发生后腹膜腔血肿。37例随访3—18个月，平均11个月，血压、体貌和化验检查均正常。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术创伤小．出血少，并发症少，应为肾上腺良性疾病的首选方法。     

后腹腔镜下腹膜后神经鞘瘤切除术27例报告

目的:应用后腹腔镜技术治疗腹膜后神经鞘瘤,探讨其安全性和可行性.方法:本组27例患者均经腹膜后途径腹腔镜下切除腹膜后神经鞘瘤.B超检查偶然发现18例、血压升高4例、腰腹部酸疼5例.血肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素升高1例.27例均行B超及CT检查,其中22例同时行MRI检查.肿瘤位于左侧肾上腺周围9例、右侧肾上腺周围7例、左肾下极2例、右肾下极2例、腹主动脉旁2例、下腔静脉旁5例.结果:其中26例获得成功,肿瘤直径1.55～5.0 cm,平均3.4 cm;手术时间45～105 min,平均60 min;出血量15～110 ml.平均65ml.腹膜损伤1例,中转开放手术,无后遗症.无损伤大血管及大出血及膈肌损伤病例,无输血病例.结论:后腹腔镜下切除腹膜后神经鞘瘤,手术出血少、创伤小、患者恢复快,在选择合适病例的前提下,是切除腹膜后神经鞘瘤的一种较好方法.     

经腹膜后入路腹腔镜活体供肾切取技术的改良及效果观察

目的 对经腹膜后入路腹腔镜活体供肾切取技术进行改良,并观察其临床效果.方法 回顾分析2009年7月至2012年6月间41例采用改良的经腹膜后入路腹腔镜技术切取供肾的临床资料.改进的方法包括:(1)肾脏游离采用钝性分离加剪刀锐性分离,超声刀间断止血的联合方法进行 ;(2)肾动、静脉及输尿管充分游离完毕后,在侧腹部自Trocar套管孔向下做平行腹直肌切口约5～6 cm长,沿肌纤维走行方向分别钝性分离牵开腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌和腹横肌,进入腹膜后腔.术者左手经此切口进入腹膜后腔,重新建立气腹 ;(3)直视下经Trocar套管置入活检枪,在术者固定供肾情况下穿刺获得“零点”活检样本 ;(4)术者左手适度牵拉肾动、静脉,依次在肾动、静脉近心端用2枚Hem-o-lock夹夹闭,剪刀离断肾动、静脉后直接取出供肾.结果 41例供肾切取术均获成功,无中转开放手术.手术耗时65～130 min,平均85 min,供肾热缺血时间58～110 s,平均78 s,供肾动脉长2.1～3.7 cm,平均2.9 cm,供肾静脉长2.5～4.1 cm,平均3.5 cm.术中出血量15～80 ml,平均28ml.供者术后住院时间4～7 d,平均4.8d.41例均获得“零点”活检供肾穿刺样本.除2例发生轻微淋巴漏外,未发生其他手术并发症.41例受者移植肾功能恢复顺利,未出现移植肾功能恢复延迟.结论 改良的经腹膜后入路腹腔镜供肾切取技术安全、有效,能进一步保护移植肾功能和减少供者的损伤程度.     

Giant Retroperitoneal Lymphangioma: a Rare Entity

Retroperitoneal lymphangiomas are rare benign tumors, and the exact incidence of which is not well known. They usually arise from the developmental abnormalities of retroperitoneal lymphatics or their traumatic rupture. Confusion with other cystic tumors of the retroperitoneum including those arising from the kidney and pancreas is common. They usually lack specific symptoms and are mostly detected accidentally, while very rarely, some may present with complications such as rupture, torsion, hemorrhage, or infection. We report a case of a 22-year-old female in whom preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal lymphangioma was made on the basis of radiological investigations. On exploration, a large lymphangioma arising retroperitoneally was identified and excised. Postoperative recovery was uneventful.     

后腹腔镜肾切除5例

目的评价后腹腔镜肾切除的临床价值.方法采用Trocar穿刺建立第一通道,镜推法建立后腹腔,钛夹处理良性无功能肾肾蒂、直线切割器处理肾癌肾蒂等方法对2例肾萎缩、2例肾结核、1例肾癌患者行后腹腔镜肾切除.结果5例手术均获成功,手术时间为95～180min,平均126min.术中出血50～200mL,平均110mL.所有患者均未输血,无腹腔脏器损伤、膈肌损伤、皮下气肿等并发症.术后1～2d下床活动,5～6d出院.随访1a,结核患者无结核播散,肿瘤患者无肿瘤种植及复发.结论后腹腔镜切除良、恶性肾病,具有创伤小、出血少、康复快等优点,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

腹膜后囊状淋巴管瘤的影象诊断

本文报告1例罕见的经手术和病理组织学证实的腹膜后囊状淋巴管瘤。并结合文献复习,讨论了其病因、病理、临床特点及影象学表现,指出超声和 CT 不但在腹膜后囊状淋巴管瘤的诊断中起重要作用,而且有助于腹膜后肿瘤的鉴别诊断。     

Retroperitoneal castleman's tumors of hyaline vascular type: Imaging study case report

We report two retroperitoneal Castleman's tumors (giant lymph node hyperplasia) of hyaline vascular type. One was a large tumor situated in the pararenal region, the other was located in the pancreas head. On computed tomography (CT), both tumors were solid and moderately enhanced after administration of contrast material. On angiography, both tumors were hypervascular with dilated feeding arteries, and showed capillary blush. In an appropriate clinical setting, a retroperitoneal tumor showing these findings should include Castleman's tumor in the differential diagnosis.     

A retroperitoneal gastric duplication cyst mimicking a simple exophytic renal cyst in an adolescent

Gastric duplications are rare anomalies and usually occur along the greater curvature of the stomach. The authors herein describe an uncommon case of a retroperitoneal gastric duplication, which was not found during previous emergency laparotomy for suspected peritonitis at another institution. On subsequent computed tomography scan, the lesion was misinterpreted as a simple exophytic renal cyst. Laparoscopy was undertaken because of unresolved symptoms, and a retroperitoneal duplication cyst was successfully excised. It was lined with gastric mucosa and islands of pancreatic tissue on pathologic examination.     

Bronchogenic cyst in the abdomen

Summary A bronchogenic cyst was found in the abdomen, in the retroperitoneum adjacent to the superior pancreatic body. The cyst was unilocular and contained about 100 ml pale yellow mucinous fluid. Microscopic examination revealed a pseudostratified columnar ciliated or cuboidal epithelium, seromucous glands, smooth muscle and cartilage, the distinctive features of bronchogenic cysts. This aberrant location of the cyst is explicable if abnormal buds of the tracheobronchial tree are pinched off and migrate into the abdomen in an early embryonic stage before the canal linking the abdominal with the thoracic cavity is closed by fusion of the future components of the diaphragm.