达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术临床疗效评价

目的探讨达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2012年2月-2014年5月手术治疗的114例胃癌患者的临床、病理资料。其中50例患者行机器人远端胃癌根治术,64例患者行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术,比较两组患者手术情况及短期疗效。结果与腹腔镜组相比,机器人组患者术中失血量少、淋巴结清扫数目多、手术时间长,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生率,比较差异无统计学意义。中位随访16.1（3～30）个月,机器人组复发转移5例,死亡4例;腹腔镜组复发转移10例,死亡8例。结论对比腹腔镜胃切除术,达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术能获得较大的淋巴结清扫范围,且出血量少、安全、可行。     

经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术29例报告

目的:探讨经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术(ELRP)的手术方法和临床效果。方法:对2011年6月~2014年2月行ELRP术29例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析:患者年龄60~77岁,平均68岁。所有患者均于术前行前列腺穿刺活组织检查或前列腺电切术后经病理检查证实为前列腺癌,术前总PSA平均18.9μg/L,其中4.0μg/L者2例,4~20μg/L者16例,20μg/L者11例。均行ELRP。结果:手术时间60~330min,平均125min;术中出血量80~1 200ml,平均150ml;术中输血2例。1例因阴茎背静脉复合体出血中转开放手术。术中直肠损伤1例。术后病理检查均证实为前列腺癌,Gleason评分6~9分,切缘阳性3例。术后留置导尿管时间12~26d,平均15d。拔除尿管后出现轻度尿失禁8例,术后1~3个月均可满意控尿。术后3个月检查血清PSA为0~0.18μg/L,未发现肿瘤局部生化复发和远处转移。结论:ELRP创伤小,并发症少,患者恢复快,是治疗局限性前列腺癌安全有效的手术方法。     

FTS 理论在全腹腔镜胃肠癌根治术围手术期的临床应用

目的：探讨 FTS（fast-track surgery,加速康复外科）理论在全腹腔镜胃肠癌根治术围手术期的临床应用效果及其安全性。方法回顾性分析我科2012年1月至2013年1月 FTS 应用在18例全腹腔镜胃肠癌症手术患者中的临床疗效。结果所有患者均无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄等并发症,其住院时间明显缩短,住院费用亦有所减少,术后生活质量大幅提高,可尽早开始下一步辅助治疗。结论 FTS 理论在全腹腔镜胃肠癌根治术中应用疗效确切,值得推广。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术对肠道屏障功能损伤的研究分析

目的:对比腹腔镜与传统开腹胃癌根治术对胃癌患者肠道屏障功能的损伤及手术效果,为临床术式选择提供依据。方法:选择2008年10月至2012年10月113例胃癌患者,其中57例为观察组,行腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术;56例为对照组,行开腹胃癌D2根治术。观察两组患者手术时间、失血量、切口长度、肠道功能恢复时间、清除淋巴结数量、住院时间及术后第1天、第3天、第5天、第7天血浆D-乳酸浓度、血浆二胺氧化酶浓度、C-反应蛋白值等。结果:两组淋巴结清除数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术时间观察组长于对照组,但在出血量、切口长度、肠道功能恢复时间及住院时间方面观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患者术后第1天、第3天血浆D-乳酸浓度、二胺氧化酶浓度及C-反应蛋白值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后第5天、第7天血浆D-乳酸浓度、二胺氧化酶浓度及C-反应蛋白值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:腹腔镜胃癌根治术是安全、有效的微创手术,与传统开腹胃癌根治术相比,对肠道屏障功能的损伤更小,更利于患者术后快速恢复,值得临床推广。     

肝脏囊型包虫病腹腔镜与开腹根治性手术治疗的疗效比较

目的 评价和比较经腹腔镜与开腹根治性手术治疗肝脏囊型包虫病的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年5月至2013年1月收住并接受根治性手术治疗的肝脏囊型包虫病患者的临床资料,并对手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率、平均术后住院时间、术后并发症进行统计学分析.结果 本研究共纳入153例患者,其中41例行经腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组)、112例行传统开腹手术(开腹组).腹腔镜组平均手术时间较开腹手术短,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.97,P＞0.05).腹腔镜组5例患者行中转开腹手术,中转开腹率为12.2％(5/41).2组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.00,P＞0.05).腹腔镜组平均术后住院时间为3～8 d,而开腹组为4～14d,差异有统计学意义(t=1.99,P＜0.05).腹腔镜组并发症发生率为4.9％(2/41)、开腹组并发症发生率16.0％(18/112),差异有统计学意义(x2=3.92,P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜肝包虫根治性手术治疗较传统开腹肝脏囊型包虫病手术治疗具有术后住院时间短,并发症少,恢复快,复发率低的特点,在严格选择患者的条件下是安全和可行的.     

腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的临床应用(附36例报告)

目的:探讨开展腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的临床安全性及可行性。方法:回顾分析2010年5月至2012年10月36例腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术患者的临床资料,总结分析患者年龄、临床分期、手术方式、切除范围、手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、并发症及术后随访等情况。结果:36例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术,无一例中转手术。手术时间平均(220.4±35.7)min,术中出血量平均(115.7±40.3)ml,平均清扫淋巴结(14.3±4.2)枚,胃肠道功能平均恢复时间(81.6±15.6)h,下床活动时间平均(71.1±16.2)h。全组患者无吻合口漏、出血、切口感染等手术并发症发生,术后随访无切口种植。结论:对于早期胃癌或较早的进展期胃癌,腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术是安全、可行的,手术近期疗效满意,远期疗效尚待进一步观察。对于进展期胃癌,腹腔镜术式的应用及临床疗效仍需进一步探索。     

Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection During Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Efficacy,Limitations, and Complications—A Systematic Review of the Literature

Context

Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer is the most effective method for detecting lymph node metastases. However, a decline in the rate of PLND during radical prostatectomy (RP) has been noted. This is likely the result of prostate cancer stage migration in the prostate-specific antigen-screening era, and the introduction of minimally invasive approaches such as robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Objective

To assess the efficacy, limitations, and complications of PLND during RARP.

Evidence acquisition

A review of the literature was performed using the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with no restriction of language from January 1990 to December 2012. The literature search used the following terms: prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, robot-assisted, and lymph node dissection.

Evidence synthesis

The median value of nodal yield at PLND during RARP ranged from 3 to 24 nodes. As seen in open and laparoscopic RP series, the lymph node positivity rate increased with the extent of dissection during RARP. Overall, PLND-only related complications are rare. The most frequent complication after PLND is symptomatic pelvic lymphocele, with occurrence ranging from 0% to 8% of cases. The rate of PLND-associated grade 3–4 complications ranged from 0% to 5%. PLND is associated with increased operative time. Available data suggest equivalence of PLND between RARP and other surgical approaches in terms of nodal yield, node positivity, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Conclusions

PLND during RARP can be performed effectively and safely. The overall number of nodes removed, the likelihood of node positivity, and the types and rates of complications of PLND are similar to pure laparoscopic and open retropubic procedures.     

结直肠癌根治术后肠梗阻的相关影响因素探讨

目的：探讨结直肠癌根治术后肠梗阻的相关影响因素。方法选择2003年6月～2013年6月河南省封丘县中医院普外科收治的行结直肠癌根治术患者678例。采用自制量表调查患者一般情况,包括性别、年龄、既往手术史、术前合并症、手术类型、手术方式、手术时间、术后镇痛剂应用及肿瘤TNM分期、分级情况。采用Logistic回归分析进行多因素检验。结果结直肠癌根治术患者678例,其中发生肠梗阻41例,肠梗阻发生率为6.05%（41/678）。TNM分期为N2期、既往史有结直肠肿瘤切除、术前合并肠梗阻、行左半结肠切除术和右半结肠切除术是直结肠癌根治术后发生肠梗阻的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论在临床工作中应注意危险因素的预防,减轻患者痛苦,改善预后。     

Surgical Operative Time Increases the Risk of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Robotic Prostatectomy

Background and Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of operative time on the risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Methods:

We reviewed the records of all patients at our institution who underwent RARP by a single surgeon from January 2007 until April 2011. Clinical and pathologic information and VTE incidence were recorded for each patient and analyzed by use of logistic regression to evaluate for association with VTE risk. All patients had mechanical prophylaxis, and beginning in February 2008, a single dose of unfractionated heparin, 5000 U, was administered before surgery.

Results:

A total of 549 consecutive patients were identified, with a median follow-up period of 8 months. During the initial 30 days postoperatively, 10 patients (1.8%) had a VTE (deep venous thrombosis in 7 and pulmonary embolism in 3). The median operative time was 177 minutes (range, 121–360 minutes). An increase in operative time of 30 or 60 minutes was associated with 1.6 and 2.8 times increased VTE risks. A 5-point increase in body mass index and need for blood transfusion were also associated with increased risk of VTEs (odds ratios of 2.0 and 11.8, respectively). Heparin prophylaxis was not associated with a significant VTE risk reduction but also was not associated with a significant increase in estimated blood loss (P = .23) or transfusion rate (P = .37).

Conclusion:

A prolonged operative time increases the risk of symptomatic VTEs after RARP. Future studies are needed to evaluate the best VTE prophylactic approach in patients at risk.     

Effect of body mass index on the outcomes of patients with upper and lower urinary tract cancers treated by radical surgery: Results from a Canadian multicenter collaboration

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes of patients with urinary tract carcinoma treated with radical surgery.Materials and methodsData were collected from 10 Canadian centers on patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) (1998–2008) or radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) (1990–2010). Various parameters among subsets of patients (BMI<25, 25≤BMI<30, and BMI≥30 kg/m²) were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the effect of BMI on overall survival, disease-specific survival, and recurrence-free survival (RFS).ResultsAmong the 847 RC and 664 RNU patients, there was no difference in histology, stage, grade, and margin status among the 3 patient subsets undergoing either surgery. However, RC patients with lower BMIs (<25 kg/m²) were significantly older (P = 0.004), had more nodal metastasis (P = 0.03), and trended toward higher stage (P = 0.052). RNU patients with lower BMIs (<25 kg/m²) were significantly older (P = 0.0004) and fewer received adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.04) compared with those with BMI≥30 kg/m²; however, there was no difference in tumor location (P = 0.20), stage (P = 0.48), and management of distal ureter among the groups (P = 0.30). On multivariate analysis, BMI was not prognostic for overall survival, disease-specific survival, and RFS in the RC group. However, BMI≥30 kg/m² was associated with more bladder cancer recurrences and worse RFS in the RNU group (HR = 1.588; 95% CI: 1.148–2.196; P = 0.0052).ConclusionsIncreased BMI did not influence survival among RC patients. BMI≥30 kg/m² is associated with worse bladder cancer recurrences among RNU patients; whether this is related to difficulty in obtaining adequate bladder cuff in patients with obesity requires further evaluation.