全膀胱切除回肠膀胱术15年总结(附196例报告)

目的　评价全膀胱切除治疗膀胱肿瘤的疗效及回肠膀胱术的远期效果。　方法　回顾性分析 1985年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1月膀胱肿瘤行全膀胱切除回肠膀胱术 196例的临床资料。　结果　膀胱肿瘤累及膀胱颈部或膀胱三角区者 12 6例 (6 4.3 % ) ,浸润性膀胱癌 145例 (74.0 % ) ,移行细胞癌183例 (93.4% )。术后发生近期并发症 19例 (9.7% ) ,远期并发症 10例 (7.4% )。 135例随访 1～ 15年 ,平均 6 .6年 ,5年生存率 6 6 .2 %。　结论　全膀胱切除是浸润性膀胱癌首选治疗方法 ,回肠膀胱术简单易行 ,长期随访显示其并发症少 ,疗效确切 ,仍是一种较为理想的尿流改道方式。     

高龄患者耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术(附30例)

目的探讨高龄患者耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术的优缺点。方法30例80岁以上良性前列腺增生患者，行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术，观察其术后恢复及并发症。结果22例患者术后均恢复良好，8例出现并发症，经治疗后均治愈。结论耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术对高龄患者仍为可选择的手术方式。     

回结肠代膀胱术临床分析(附25例报告)

目的　探讨回结肠代膀胱术的临床疗效。　方法　对 2 5例膀胱肿瘤患者膀胱全切除术后 ,应用末段回肠及盲升结肠作贮尿囊行正位膀胱重建术。　结果　 2 5例中获随访 2 2例 ,随访时间 6～ 3 4个月 ,平均 19.5个月。患者一般于术后 3周自主可控性排尿 ,日间排尿可控率 91% ,1年夜间尿失禁 2 6%。术后 6个月尿动力学检查膀胱容量 (3 86± 75)ml(2 90～ 550ml)、最大尿流率 (12 .5±2 .2 )ml/s、剩余尿量 (2 6± 11)ml ,充盈期膀胱压力明显低于尿道闭合压。输尿管返流 2例 ,无尿道狭窄、输尿管狭窄 ,无高氯性酸中毒 ,肾功能正常。 1例术后 8个月发生肿瘤多处转移 ,余 2 1例无瘤存活。　结论　回结肠代膀胱术具有膀胱容量大、内压低 ,正位排尿 ,可控性好 ,并发症少等优点 ,患者易于接受 ,是一种较理想的尿流改道方式     

Head-to-head comparison of retropubic, perineal and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

OBJECTIVE: As more patients are diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early stage, it is becoming increasingly important to refine the technique of surgical excision. For this purpose we have generated objective data comparing three different surgical approaches used by three experienced surgeons. METHODS: We prospectively compared three contemporary personal series of 50 consecutive radical prostatectomy (RP) patients. The health-related quality of life was evaluated preoperatively and in months 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24. RESULTS: Considering in turn the patients undergoing retropubic, perineal and laparoscopic RP, the median procedure time was 2 h and 27 min, 1 h and 50 min and 4 h, with a transfusion rate of 2, 0 and 8%, respectively. In the perineal group there were more wound infections. Median catheter drainage was 7, 10 and 7 days and zero, 13 and one patients needed reinsertion of a catheter. Early continence varied considerably, with 57.4, 11.4 and 6.3% of patients pad-free after 1 month, but there were no differences in social continence (zero or one pad) with 97.8, 97.8 and 91.9% after 2 years. The Litwin score for incontinence (preoperative minus postoperative) was -24, -41 and -63% after 1 month and -13, +3 and -29% after 2 years. Twenty-nine, five and 15 patients had a preoperative five-item version of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score of > or = 17 points and a nerve-sparing procedure. After 2 years, 48.1, 0 and 0% had an IIEF-5 score of > or = 17 points without the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, but when including patients using inhibitors there were no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of morbidity, short-term convalescence and long-term side-effects of different surgical techniques is strongly biased by both the preoperative status of patients and the skill of the surgeons. Overall, we found some differences in the short-term results (e.g. early continence) and comparable long-term results.     

Impact of unilateral interposition sural nerve graft on the recovery of sexual function after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: A preliminary study

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of an interposition nerve graft on sexual function after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: This study includes 64 patients, without hormonal therapy, who underwent a radical prostatectomy and intraoperative electrophysiological confirmation of cavernous nerve preservation. Twelve patients underwent a unilateral interposition sural nerve graft (UNG) for the resected neurovascular bundle. Twenty-one and 31 patients underwent bilateral nerve-sparing (BNS) and unilateral nerve-sparing (UNS) surgery without a nerve graft, respectively. As the age of patients was significantly younger in the UNG group than in the other groups, age-matched analysis also was conducted. Sexual function, evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire using the University of California Los Angeles-Prostate Cancer Index, was compared statistically among the three groups. RESULTS: In the age-matched analysis, the postoperative sexual function (SXF) score of the UNG group showed an intermediate level of recovery between those of the BNS and UNS groups at 12 months and reached the same level as the score at 12 months of the BNS group at 18 months postoperatively. The difference in the SXF score between the UNG and UNS groups began to appear after 6 months postoperatively and increased steadily with time. However, the background factors, such as the baseline SXF score, the usage rate of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and the rate of comorbidities were different between the UNG and UNS groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference of the SXF score between the UNG and UNS groups increased with time after 6 months postoperatively. However, it might be difficult at present to attribute a better recovery of the SXF score to the nerve graft because of the difference in the background factors between the groups.     

Endocrine therapy with or without radical prostatectomy for T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: We retrospectively compared the 5-year survival rates of T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer patients treated either by endocrine therapy plus radical prostatectomy or endocrine therapy alone. METHODS: Clinical T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer patients were enrolled at 104 institutions in Japan. They were assigned to study 1 (n = 176), if they were indicated to prostatectomy, if not indicated, they were assigned to study 2 (n = 151). The indication of prostatectomy was based on the clinical judgement of physicians and/or patients. Those assigned to study 1 underwent prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy with or without preoperative androgen deprivation. Those assigned to study 2 were treated with leuprorelin acetate with or without chlormadinone acetate. They were followed-up every 3 months until death or for 5 years and over. RESULTS: Those assigned to study 1 were younger (mean age 67.2 vs 75.7 years), less advanced in clinical stage, and had lower prostate specific antigen levels (mean 43.8 vs 103.6 ng/mL). Death for any reason was observed less frequently in study 1 (n = 29, 16%) than study 2 (n = 50, 33%), and the 5-year overall survival rate was higher in study 1 (87 vs. 68%). However, prostate cancer deaths were comparatively seldom (9% in study 1 and 7% in study 2), resulting in the identical 5-year cause specific survival rate in both study groups (91%). In both study groups the overall survival was almost equal to the natural survival of age-matched men. CONCLUSIONS: Endocrine therapy offers a reasonable survival rate in T1b-T3 prostate cancer patients within a 5-year follow-up. Observation will be extended to determine 10-year outcomes.     

Madigan前列腺切除术对前列腺增生症的治疗效果

①目的 提高前列腺增生症的手术治疗效果。②方法 采用Madigan手术治疗前列腺增生症42例。③结果 42例均手术成功，25例尿道完整，17例损伤尿道缝合修复；术后出血少，恢复快；术后随访4-85个月，病人无尿道狭窄，尿失禁等并发症。④结论 Madigan手术为较理想的前列腺增生症开放手术治疗方法。