High levels of soluble GPR56/ADGRG1 are associated with positive rheumatoid factor and elevated tumor necrosis factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background

GPR56/ADGRG1 is a member of the adhesion-class G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) family important in brain development, oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. Like other aGPCRs, GPR56 is cleaved at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif into an N-terminal fragment (NTF) and a C-terminal fragment (CTF). Existence of soluble GPR56 (sGPR56) has been shown in vitro, however the underlying mechanism and its pathophysiologic role remains undetermined.

Radiofrequency ablation of neuroendocrine liver metastases—the Middlesex experience

Background Current treatment options for neuroendocrine liver metastases are not widely applicable or not that effective. Image-guided thermal ablation offers the possibility of a minimally invasive, albeit palliative, treatment that decreases tumor volume, preserves most of the normal liver, and can be repeated several times. We report our experience with image-guided thermal ablation in 25 patients with unresectable liver metastases.Methods Since 1990 we have treated 189 tumors at 66 treatment sessions in 25 patients (12 female, 13 male; median age, 56 years; age range, 26–78 years). Thirty treatments were performed with a solid-state laser, and 36 treatments were performed with radiofrequency ablation. All but one treatment was performed percutaneously under image guidance. Sixteen patients had metastases from carcinoid primaries, three from gastrinoma, two from insulinoma, and four from miscellaneous causes. Fourteen of 25 had symptoms from hormone secretion.Results Imaging follow-up was available in 19 patients at a median of 21 months (range, 4–75 months). There was a complete response in six patients, a partial response in seven, and stable disease in one; hence, tumor load was controlled in 14 of 19 patients (74%). Relief of hormone-related symptoms was achieved in nine of 14 patients (69%). The median survival period from the diagnosis of liver metastases was 53 months. One patient with end-stage cardiac disease died after a carcinoid crisis. There were eight (12%) complications: five local and three distant, four major and four minor.Conclusions As a minimally invasive, readily repeatable procedure that can be used to ablate small tumors, preferably before patients become severely symptomatic, radiofrequency ablation can provide effective control of liver tumor volume in most patients over many years.     

AKA、CCP、RA33、RF、ESR联合检测在类风湿性关节炎中的应用

目的探讨联合检测血清中抗角蛋白抗体(抗AKA)、抗环瓜氨酸抗体(抗CCP)、抗RA33抗体、类风湿因子(RF)及红细胞沉降率(ESR)在诊断类风湿关节炎(RA)中的应用价值。方法收集该院2014年6月至2015年5月,经确诊的RA患者100例,疑似RA病例60例,对照组经确诊为非RA的其他自身免疫性疾病患者120例,分别用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测每组病例中的抗AKA抗体,用ELISA法检测抗CCP抗体和抗RA33抗体,用速率散射比浊法检测RF,用魏氏法检测ESR,并对各个诊断指标的诊断性能进行评价。结果抗AKA抗体、抗CCP抗体、抗RA33抗体、RF及ESR 5种检测指标在RA组中的检出率依次为64.0%、75.0%、44.0%、84.0%和51.0%,5项并联后的检出率(灵敏度)为97.0%,串联后的检测特异度为89.2%;在RA疑似组中5种检测指标的检出率依次为16.7%、31.7%、13.3%、20.0%、15.0%;在对照组中5种检测指标的检出率依次为0.8%、2.5%、1.7%、0.8%和5.8%,5种指标在RA组中的检出率显著高于疑似RA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),疑似RA组和对照组相比5种指标的检出率差异有统计学意义(P0.001),5项并联检测的灵敏度为97.0%,显著高于单项检测灵敏度(P0.05),5项串联检测的特异度最高达到100.0%,也显著高于单项检测特异度(P0.05),并联检测的漏诊率最低,阴性预测值最高,串联检测的误诊率最低,阳性预测值最高,并联检测的约登指数最大。结论抗CCP抗体和RF单独检测具有较好的灵敏度和特异度,而5种指标联合检测具有更高的灵敏度和特异度,可以更好地降低漏诊率和误诊率,大大地提高诊断效率,从而对RA的早期诊断具有重要的临床意义。     

胶乳增强透射免疫比浊法测定类风湿因子失败原因分析

目的分析胶乳增强透射免疫比浊法直接测定类风湿因子（RF）失败原因。方法对采用胶乳增强透射免疫比浊法直接测定RF失败的55例血清标本进行特殊处理,并重新测定。结果 48例超过测定线范围,5例在检测线范围内但为异常值,2例结果在正常范围内。结论超过测定线范围的由免疫前带所致,异常值由药物干扰所致,在正常范围的为血清中含有大量IgM所致。     

阿达木单抗治疗类风湿关节炎的疗效和安全性

目的:评价肿瘤坏死因子α拮抗剂阿达木单抗短期治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的临床疗效及安全性,同时检测治疗前后类风湿因子(RF)和抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)滴度的变化,为RA疗效评估寻找新的指标。方法:随机双盲平行试验,纳入40例活动性RA患者,按2∶2∶1的比例被随机分配到试验组或对照组,试验组分为80 mg阿达木单抗+甲氨喋呤(MTX)、40 mg阿达木单抗+MTX两组,对照组为安慰剂+MTX。受试者隔周接受皮下注射阿达木单抗或同等体积的安慰剂,并在试验第0,2,4,8,12周随访,评价疗效及不良事件收集。疗效采用ACR核心标准评定。次要疗效指标包括压痛和肿胀关节数、晨僵时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、健康评估问卷(HAQ)和CRP。基线时及12周治疗结束后检测RF、抗CCP抗体。结果:试验组32例,对照组8例。12周后试验组患者ACR20、ACR50和ACR70缓解的比例都显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验组患者关节触痛数、关节肿胀数、晨僵持续时间、疼痛VAS评分及健康状况问卷(HAQ)、CRP等次要疗效指标均较基线时水平明显降低(P<0.05);试验组RF血清滴度和抗CCP抗体均较基线时水平显...     

银包覆TiO2纳米薄膜的光催化杀菌性能

采用射频反应溅射法在玻璃衬底上制得均匀透明的TiO2纳米薄膜,通过离子溅射仪在纯TiO2薄膜上制备银包覆TiO2复合薄膜.利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征技术研究了银包覆TiO2薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌.XRD和SEM观测结果显示:射频功率为250 W时,薄膜表面光滑平整,颗粒均匀,大小在3...     

血清抗CCP抗体、抗AKA抗体及RF在类风湿关节炎诊断中的价值

【摘要】目的血清抗CCP抗体、抗AKA抗体及RF在类风湿关节炎诊断中的价值。方法检测108例类风湿关节炎（RA）患者、138例非RA风湿病患者（非RA组）及40例健康人（对照组）血清中抗环瓜氨酸肽（CCP）抗体（简称抗CCP）、抗AKA抗体（简称抗AKA）水平,并与类风湿因子（RF）比较。结果抗CCP抗体的阳性率在RA中为80．6％,在非RA中为3．4％,3种抗体对RA诊断的敏感性分别为CCP81．5％;AKA42．6％;RF74．1％。抗CCP抗体与AKA、RF之间显著相关（P〈0．01）。严重关节侵蚀、关节肿痛RA患者,抗CCP抗体水平高于形轻微关节侵蚀、关节肿痛RA患者,两组比较,抗CCP抗体水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论抗CCP抗体对RA诊断具有很高的临床应用价值;抗CCP抗体水平的检测有助于预后判断,有望替代AKA与经典指标RF联合检测。认为抗CCP和抗AKA有助于不典型RA（特别是RF阴性的RA）的诊断,在一定程度上可弥补RF对RA诊断不足。三种抗体联合检测可提高RA的诊断率。     

EUS spectrum analysis for in vivo characterization of pancreatic and lymph node tissue: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: EUS is limited by variability in the examiner's subjective interpretation of B-scan images to differentiate among normal, inflammatory, and malignant tissue. By using information otherwise discarded by conventional EUS systems, quantitative spectral analysis of the raw radiofrequency (RF) signals underlying EUS images enables tissue to be characterized more objectively. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the feasibility of using spectral analysis of EUS data for characterization of pancreatic tissue and lymph nodes. DESIGN AND SETTING: A pilot study of eligible patients was conducted to analyze the RF data obtained during EUS by using spectral parameters. PATIENTS: Twenty-one subjects who underwent EUS of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and surrounding intra-abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Linear regression parameters of calibrated power spectra of the RF signals were tested to differentiate normal pancreas from chronic pancreatitis and from pancreatic cancer as well as benign from malignant-appearing lymph nodes. RESULTS: The mean intercept, slope, and midband fit of the spectra differed significantly among normal pancreas, adenocarcinoma, and chronic pancreatitis when all were compared with each other (P < .01). On direct comparison, mean midband fit for adenocarcinoma differed significantly from that for chronic pancreatitis (P < .05). For lymph nodes, mean midband fit and intercept differed significantly between benign- and malignant-appearing lymph nodes (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). LIMITATIONS: Small sample population and spatial averaging inherent to this technique. CONCLUSIONS: Mean spectral parameters in EUS imaging can provide a noninvasive method to discriminate normal from diseased pancreas and lymph nodes.