A national surveillance study of the current status of reirradiation using brachytherapy in Japan

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the current status and pattern of practice for reirradiation using brachytherapy (ReRT-BT) through a survey in Japan.Materials and MethodsWe distributed an e-mail-based questionnaire to 153 institutions equipped with high-dose-rate brachytherapy facilities.ResultsWe received responses from 76 institutions (49.7%). Forty-three of these institutions performed ReRT-BT and 42 institutions (55%) performed ReRT-BT during 2009–2018. However, 29 of the 42 institutions (69%) reported difficulty in obtaining ReRT-BT case information from their respective databases. Almost all the institutions encountered insufficient database system to extract details about the ReRT-BT cases. Responses from 33 institutions included the number of ReRT-BT cases; this increased from 90 in the period 2009–2013 (institution median = 0.5; 0–16) to 172 in the period 2014–2018 (institution median = 2; 0–26). Nine institutions had to perform ReRT-BT for more than one case per year. The major location for cancer treatment was the pelvis (94%), followed by the head and neck (5%) and others (1%). In six site-specific scenarios, barring uterine corpus cancer recurrence, more than 90% of radiation oncologists agreed to perform ReRT-BT, whereas other areas (head and neck, prostate, and rectal cancer) gained 16–37% agreement.ConclusionsThis decade saw an increase in the number of ReRT-BT cases in Japan and radiation oncologists’ interest in ReRT-BT as a viable therapeutic option. However, scarce availability, immature education system, and insufficient database system are barriers to further consensus building.     

Sexual function,satisfaction with life and menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women

Purpose

To assess sexual function, satisfaction with life (SWL), and menopause-related symptoms among mid-aged Spanish women.

Materials and methods

Cross-sectional study of 260 women, aged 40–59, attending the public gynecology consultations completed the 14-item Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ-14), the SWL Scale (SWLS), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), and a socio-demographic questionnaire.

Results

Median [inter quartile range] age was 47 [8.0] years, 87.7% had a stable partner, 27.0% were postmenopausal, and 53.9% had increased body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 46.5% (CSFQ-14 score ≤ 41). Postmenopausal status was associated with lower CSFQ-14 scores (worse sexual function) and severe menopausal symptoms whereas there were not significant differences in SWLS scores. CSFQ-14 scores correlated with SWLS (p < 0.04), and inversely correlated with menopausal symptoms (p < 0.02). Multiple linear regression analysis model predicted 26.6% of the total CSFQ-14 score variance, and higher scores (better sexual function) were correlated with better SWL, and inversely correlated to female age and worse menopausal symptoms. A second model predicted 38.4% of the SWLS score variance. The SWLS score correlated with the total CSFQ-14 score and BMI, and inversely correlated with economical problems, female tobacco use, lack of healthiness, menopausal symptoms, not having a partner, and partner's lack of healthiness.

Conclusions

Lower sexual function was related to low SWL, age and menopausal symptoms while low SWLS score was related with economical problems, smoking, menopausal symptoms, and partner factors.     

Sleep difficulties and related behavioral problems in Korean preschool children

ObjectivesSleep difficulties are associated with various behavioral problems and cognitive development, but the association has not been thoroughly evaluated in preschoolers with and without developmental disability (DD). The aim of this study was to compare the behavioral and cognitive characteristics of poor and good sleepers with and without DD in a community-based sample of preschool children.MethodsWe recruited 196 children aged 34–77 months from community-based daycare centers, kindergartens, and special education centers. Children were classified as poor sleepers with DD (n = 23), poor sleepers without DD (n = 23), good sleepers with DD (n = 64), and good sleepers without DD (n = 94). Poor sleepers were defined based on Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire Total Sleep Disturbance Score (CSHQ TSDS) cutoff of >52.ResultsWhen compared to good sleepers with DD, poor sleepers with DD scored significantly higher on the Attention Problems (p = 0.005) and Aggressive Behaviors (p = 0.001) subscales of the CBCL, indicating greater difficulty. Caregivers of the poor sleepers with DD reported more depressive symptoms (p = 0.028) and more stress related to the child (p = 0.002) and the parent (p = 0.045) than caregivers of the good sleepers with DD. On the other hand, when compared to good sleepers without DD, poor sleepers without DD scored significantly higher only on the Anxious/Depressed subscale (p = 0.045) of the CBCL. Cognitive development and adaptive functioning were not significantly different between poor and good sleepers with and without DD. Among the subscales of the CSHQ, the Sleep Onset Delay showed strongest correlation with behavioral measures of the children and distress of the caregivers.ConclusionExternalizing problems such as aggressive behaviors, rather than cognitive development, are associated with sleep difficulties in preschool children with DD.     

药物治疗满意度量表第二版中文版测评高血压患者的效度和信度

目的:评价药物治疗满意度量表第二版(TSQM-Ⅱ)中文版在高血压患者中的效度和信度。方法:使用TSQM-Ⅱ、Morisky服药依从性量表(MMAS-8)对445例在某三级甲等综合医院及某社区卫生服务中心的高血压患者施测。采用量表内容效度指数(S-CVI)和条目内容效度指数(I-CVI)评价TSQM-Ⅱ的内容效度,采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析检验其结构效度,采用MMAS-8检验实证效度,用内部一致性信度、重测信度检验信度。结果:TSQM-Ⅱ的S-CVI为0.95,I-CVI在0.83~1.00之间;探索性因子分析共抽取3个公因子,累积方差解释率为88.50%;验证性因子分析各项拟合指标良好(χ^2/df=2.36,GFI=0.90,RMSEA=0.08,RMR=0.03);MMAS-8得分与TSQM-Ⅱ各。维度及总量表得分均呈正相关(r=0.38~0.41,均P<0.01)。量表Cronbachα系数为0.92,折半系数为0.83,重测信度为0.87。结论:药物治疗满意度量表第二版(TSQM-Ⅱ)中文版在高血压患者中具有良好效度和信度,适用于评价高血压患者的药物治疗满意度水平,但其效标效度尚须进一步研究。     

A community-based sleep educational intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder

BackgroundSleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sleep education, effective in improving sleep in ASD, may be difficult to access. We determined if community-based pediatric therapists could successfully deliver sleep educational interventions to caregivers of children with ASD.MethodsA seven-week feasibility study was conducted consisting of 10 children and caregivers. This feasibility study informed the development of a 16-week preliminary effectiveness study, which consisted of 33 children and caregivers. Children, ages 2–12 years, with a clinical diagnosis of autism and caregiver-reported sleep onset delay of 30 min were included. Community therapists underwent comprehensive training in sleep education and then met with caregiver participants to provide sleep education to each family. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with all families who completed study procedures.In the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness studies, child participants wore an actigraphy watch (at baseline and after sleep education) and caregivers completed the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire and Family Inventory of Sleep Habits at baseline and after sleep education; the Child Behavior Checklist was also completed by caregivers in the preliminary effectiveness study.ResultsEducator fidelity to the manualized curriculum was maintained. Caregivers showed appropriate understanding, comfort, and implementation of the curriculum. Qualitative and quantitative measures, including caregiver surveys and actigraphy, showed improvements in child sleep and behavior.ConclusionsCommunity-based therapists can successfully deliver sleep education to families of children with ASD, which has favorable implications for improving access to care in this population.     

大学生成人儿童化问卷的初步编制

目的 探索成人儿童化的内在结构,为进一步认识当代大学生的成人儿童化现象提供量化依据.方法 采用开放式访谈,专家评价、参阅相关理论文献的基础上构建问卷.结果 项目分析后组成的10题问卷的Cronbach＇s α信度系数和Guttman Split-Half信度系数在0.717～0.816之间,验证性因素分析结果,卡方自由度比,RMSEA,GFI,AGFI,NFI,IFI拟合指标分别为1.636,0.062,0.946,0.907,0.922,0.919.结论 成人儿童化的内在结构包括卡通化行为、规避成长和青涩化评价3个维度,该问卷具有良好的信效度.     

军校学员学习风格调查

目的探讨军校学员的学习风格。方法通过Myers-Briggs心理量表和感官偏爱测试表,调查某军校2010-2012年选修《时间管理与学习技巧》课程的所有学员的个性类型和感官偏爱等。结果军校学员的个性类型以内向为主,并呈逐年下降的趋势(χ2=7.320,P=0.026);2010年学员的感官偏爱主要是运动知觉,其次是听觉、阅读/写作、视觉,差别有统计学意义(χ2=12.400,P=0.006)。结论军校学员的个性类型以ISFJ(内向-直觉-情感-判断)为主,感官偏爱以运动知觉为主。掌握学员的学习风格,是科学有效的进行教学和学习的基础。     

Development of the German Speech Intelligibility Index for the treatment of oral cancer patients

ObjectivesThis study aimed at 1) adapting the well-established Speech Handicap Index (SHI) to German, 2) testing the suitability of the instrument for assessing speech-related quality of life, 3) comparing it to the German Voice-Handicap-Index (VHI), in order to support treatment of oral cancer patients who experience posttreatment speech difficulties that affect their quality of life.Material and methodsParticipants completed a web-based survey that employed a 2 (experienced problem: speech/articulation-related vs. voice-related) x 2 (SHI vs. VHI) between-subject experimental design, enabling it to distinguish between the experiences of voice and intelligibility impairments, and to determine the discriminatory ability of the two instruments.ResultsThe German SHI reliably assessed speech intelligibility and articulation-related Quality of life. While voice impairments were equally well assessed by both, VHI: M 2.48, SD 0.65; SHI: M 2.52, SD 0.63; only the latter appropriately registered intelligibility handicap in speech impairments (VHI: M 2.05, SD 0.70; SHI: 2.68, SD 0.73). The responsivity of the SHI in capturing the experienced handicap was significantly greater in the speech/articulation-impairment condition (p = .001).ConclusionThe German SHI is a reliable and responsive measure for speech intelligibility and articulation-related quality of life that should be chosen in preference to the VHI.     

成人ICU病人住院期间睡眠状况的纵向调查及特点分析

目的:了解重症监护室(ICU)病人住院期间的睡眠状况及不同阶段的特点。方法:采用方便抽样法选择85例成人ICU病人进行睡眠状况的评估与记录,选择首次(T1)、住院中期(T2)、出院前1 d(T3)数据进行分析。结果:共收集430份睡眠质量评分,单因素重复测量方差分析结果显示,ICU住院病人在T1~T3阶段理查兹-坎贝尔睡眠量表得分分别为(58.33±18.27)分,(61.45±12.71)分及(58.67±15.51)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但两两比较发现,T2阶段比T3阶段睡眠得分高(2.78±1.23)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各阶段护士评估时长均高于病人自评时长,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病人认为影响夜间睡眠状况的主要为环境、心理、生理病理、医源性刺激等因素。结论:ICU病人在住院期间睡眠质量处于中等水平,住院中期睡眠质量最好。在不同阶段影响病人睡眠的主要因素不同,应加强对医护人员的睡眠相关知识及管理能力的培训,促进行为修正,采取相应干预措施,制定睡眠管理方案。