美、德、比利时的军官心理选拔

文章以美国、德国和比利时军官心理选拔的研究现状为切入点，详细介绍了这三个国家军官心理选拔的历史背景、方法、工具、内容、标准以及策略，旨在为未来国内的相关研究提供参考。     

Psychological reactions in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis

We report the interaction of RA and psychological factors over 2 years in a group of 89 patients with newly established disease. Short-time outcome regarding physical features was fairly good. Disease activity decreased, and disability evaluated by HAQ remained at a low level. Psychological distress as measured by the depression and anxiety subscales of SCL 90 (Symptom Check List) was not very pronounced and not related to disease state factors. A slight decrease of anxiety was recorded after 2 years. A new adjustment test was applied. It contained 13 items focused mainly on negative illness effects such as loss of independence, feelings of guilt, and change of social and leisure time activities. Three factors (regret of lost life values, dysphoric mood, and acceptance) explained 48% of the variance of the 13 items. The validity of the test was acceptable. The patients' degree of adjustment changed slowly or not at all during the 2 years.     

海口市"三级甲等医院"医务人员人格特质调查研究

目的研究试图通过对海口市三甲医院医务人员人格特质的测量与分析,在与全国常模进行对比的情况下,得出海口市三甲医院医务人员人格特质的基本描述,建立医务人员人格特质的常模,为最终科学地建立海南省医学人才人格特质考评体系奠定必要的工作基础,也为海南省医学人才的培养和利用提供一项可行性的管理模式.方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法对海口市五家三甲医院医务人员人格特质进行调查,使用国际著名的人格问卷-加利福尼亚心理调查表CPI作为工具,对海口市三甲医院医务人员人格特质进行调查.结果被调查的海口市三甲医院588名医务人员人格类型分布以Beta型为主,各型分布情况为：Alpha型171人,占29.1%,Beta型302人,占51.4%,Gamma型59人,占10.0%,Delta型56人,占9.5%;在V3自我实现水平上海口市三甲医院医务人员有较高得分,除1例处于第二水平和4例处于第三水平外,其余583例都分别处于第四至第七水平;海口市三甲医院医务人员在20个分量表的测试中,在CS、IN、EM、SC、GI、WB、CM、TO、AI、AC、IE、PY、FX等13个分量表的平均得分上明显高于全国常模组（P〈0.01）,而在DO、SY、SP、SA、SO 5个分量表平均得分上明显低于全国常模组（P〈0.01）.结论海口市三甲医院医务人员各分量表平均得分大部分高于全国常模水平,尤其是在测量成就潜能方面的3个分量表AC、AI、IE平均得分全部明显高于全国常模水平（P〈0.01）,表明海口市三甲医院医务人员较常模有更强烈的成就动机,对智力活动与知识成就有较强的追求,在工作中能更有效地发挥智能,注重办事效率,见识广博,比较适合在激励自由和个人首创精神的场所独立地开展工作,并且能够专心于别人看来较为枯燥的工作.在测量社会价值内化程度的7个分量表中有5个（SC、GI、CM、WB、TO）高于全国常模水平.     

几种常用自陈主观幸福感量表在我国城市居民中的试用报告

本研究考察了几种常用自阵主观幸福感表在我国城市居民中的试用情况。表明，除情感平衡量表外，中国人幸福感量表，总体生活满意感量表和删改后夏普量表，对测量我国居民主观幸福感都有一定的实用或参考价值，但从根本上讲编订一套适用于我国居民的主观幸福感量表是很有必要的。     

无症状性脑梗死患者的心理功能测评

随着高敏度的脑成像技术如ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ在临床的广泛应用 ,发现了许多临床上无明显症状、体征或症状、体征与既往卒中史不相关的梗死灶 ,称之为无症状性脑梗死 (ａｓｙｍｐｔｏｍａｔｉｃｉｎｆａｒｃｔ)或静止性脑梗死(ｓｉｌｅｎｔｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＳＣＩ)。虽然这些病人经传统的神经系统检查未发现明显的异常 ,但有学者认为他们存在明显的认知功能障碍、精细运动障碍及情感障碍等。本文对 38例ＳＣＩ及 30例对照组进行了认知功能、记忆、精细运动、感知觉及情感等方面的评价 ,有利于ＳＣＩ以及血管性痴呆的早期防…     

A Topographic study of differences in the P300 between introverts and extraverts

This paper presents results of a study to establish a link between neurocognitive psychophysiological and psychological type data through the investigation of differences in topographic auditory event-related potential (AERP) (P300) patterns in strongly introverted (n = 17) and strongly extraverted ( = 16) high school males as identified by the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. Group data files were created for the auditory event related potential task and converted to ASCII form. Amplitude values were evaluated at each scalp site. Kruskal Wallis one way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate group differences. In processing of infrequent, target stimuli, the amplitude of the P300 waveform for introverts was higher than for extraverts. When processing for non-target stimuli was subtracted from target stimuli, statistical differences were found over nine central, parietal, and occipital sites. The findings support and extend theories of biologically-based and bio-psycho-social typology.     

旅游者心理健康状况的调查分析

目的　评定旅游者的心理健康状况。方法　对我市某旅行社外出旅游者进行症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 )测试 ,并将结果与中国正常人常模进行比较。结果　旅游者在人际关系和焦虑两项因子分高于常模 ,其中人际关系敏感因子分差异显著( P<0 .0 5 ) ,精神病性因子分低于常模 ,并具有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;单独外出旅游者与结伴外出旅游者相比在人际关系敏感和焦虑两个因子方面具有显著性的差异 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　旅行社对旅游者的心理健康状况应引起重视 ,并对存在的心理问题进行必要的干预     

脑立体定向手术戒毒对近期神经心理功能的影响

目的：了解脑立体定向手术戒毒对病人智力、记忆等脑功能的影响。方法：采用韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS）、韦氏记忆测验（WMS）、HR—B神经心理成套测验（HR—B）于术前、术后对病人进行检查。结果：①WAIS：知识、相识性、图画填充等分测验以及语言智商、操作智商、总智商术后均有所提高，其中知识、图画填充及总智商有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。②WMS：倒数数字、图片回忆、联想学习、背数等分测验较手术前下降（P〈0．01），触摸测验及记忆商数（MQ）也有下降（P〈0．05）。术后5-6个月对其中19例患者的WMS测验成绩追踪，各分测验成绩及MQ均有改善，尤以数数和记忆商数改善明显（P〈0．01）。③HR—B：脑损伤指数（DQ）手术前后未见明显变化，仅分测验连线A、连线B成绩术后有降低（P〈0．01）．而利手敲击成绩较术前有提高（P〈0．01）。结论：于术戒毒未造成患者智力明显下降及脑功能障碍．近期记忆下降可在4～5个月内恢复。     

河南省幼师学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的 了解河南省幼师学生的心理健康状况，为提高幼师的心理素质提供依据。方法 对来自河南南阳一师，洛阳一师，郑州幼师3所学校的580名幼师女生进行症状自评量表（SCL-90）测定。数据经t检验，q检验和卡方检验。结果 幼师在校生中有63.81%学生存在心理健康问题。11.43%学生有明显心理障碍，突出表现为强迫，人际敏感，偏执，敌对，抑郁，不同年级学生心理健康状况存在明显差异。结论 提示幼师学生存在不同程度心理健康问题。学校心理卫生和教育工作者必须予以重视，进行干预。     

Heart rate reactivity and heart period variability throughout the first year after heart transplantation

Heart rate reactivity to mental stress is substantially blunted early after heart transplantation, suggesting that the loss of neural modulation limits the cardiovascular response to mental stress. We tested whether reactivity to mental stress recovers during the first year after heart transplantation. Hemodynamic and respiratory responses to mental arithmetic challenge were studied in 20 heart transplant recipients 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. A normal comparison group was studied at equivalent intervals. Heart rate reactivity to mental arithmetic was significantly reduced in the cardiac transplant group compared to the normal subjects. This effect persisted up to 1 year after transplantation. Heart period variability in the heart transplant recipients was minimal in all three-test sessions. The findings suggest that no functional reinnervation or other compensatory adaptation occurs up to 1 year after heart transplantation.