P75在小鼠肾脏组织中的特异性表达鉴定

目的探讨肾脏中是否存在神经嵴来源的细胞,体外分离后培养,检测其细胞特性。方法通过免疫荧光染色方法及Q-PCR技术,检测P75在小鼠肾脏中是否有表达及在各时间段(1、2、4周)的表达规律;用免疫荧光共染的方法,分别行P75抗体与Nestin抗体、Nephrin抗体共染,观察P75+细胞表达位置;磁珠分选P75+的细胞,并在体外培养及鉴定。结果P75在小鼠肾脏中有表达,在7 d时表达含量最高,达18.7%;随小鼠年龄的增长,P75表达含量降低;P75与Nestin、Nephrin的表达部位一致,在肾小球中表达,而未在肾小管表达;磁珠分选得到的P75+细胞经可体外培养;并在诱导液诱导下,这些细胞可以分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞。结论P75表达阳性的肾脏细胞,有可能起源自神经嵴,且具有部分干细胞特性。     

One‐Step Approach for the Preparation of Organic‐Inorganic Janus‐Like Particles by Alkalization of Polystyrene‐block‐Poly(2‐vinylpyridine)/FeCl3 Complex Micelles

A novel approach to organic‐inorganic Janus‐like particles based on the alkalization process of polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) micelles containing FeCl₃ precursors in the P2VP cores in toluene is presented. It is found that by addition of a small amount of NaOH solution to a solution of the spherical PS‐b‐P2VP/FeCl₃ micelles, organic‐inorganic Janus‐like particles with a produced α‐FeOOH domain on one side and PS‐b‐P2VP block copolymers on the other can be prepared. The Janus‐like nanoparticles obtained by this facile approach may have potential application in biomedical areas.     

RNA-Seq analysis in an avian model of maternal phenylketonuria

Cardiac malformations (CVMs) are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. CVMs are particularly prevalent when the developing fetus is exposed to high levels of phenylalanine in-utero in mothers with Phenylketonuria. Yet, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism leading to CVMs has proven difficult. In this study we used RNA-Seq to investigate an avian model of MPKU and establish differential gene expression (DEG) characteristics of the early developmental stages HH10, 12, and 14. In total, we identified 633 significantly differentially expressed genes across stages HH10, 12, and 14. As expected, functional annotation of significant DEGs identified associations seen in clinical phenotypes of MPKU including CVMs, congenital heart defects, craniofacial anomalies, central nervous system defects, and growth anomalies. Additionally, there was an overrepresentation of genes involved in cardiac muscle contraction, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, migration, proliferation, metabolism, and cell survival. Strikingly, we identified significant changes in expression with multiple genes involved in Retinoic Acid (RA) metabolism and downstream targets. Using qRTPCR, we validated these findings and identified a total of 42 genes within the RA pathway that are differentially expressed. Here, we report the first elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular malformations in MPKU conducted at early developmental timepoints. We provide evidence suggesting a link between PHE exposure and the alteration of RA pathway. These results are promising and offer novel findings associated with congenital heart defects in MPKU.     

Microbe-metabolite-host axis,two-way action in the pathogenesis and treatment of human autoimmunity

The role of microorganism in human diseases cannot be ignored. These microorganisms have evolved together with humans and worked together with body's mechanism to maintain immune and metabolic function. Emerging evidence shows that gut microbe and their metabolites open up new doors for the study of human response mechanism. The complexity and interdependence of these microbe-metabolite-host interactions are rapidly being elucidated. There are various changes of microbial levels in models or in patients of various autoimmune diseases (AIDs). In addition, the relevant metabolites involved in mechanism mainly include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and polysaccharide A (PSA). Meanwhile, the interaction between microbes and host genes is also a factor that must be considered. It has been demonstrated that human microbes are involved in the development of a variety of AIDs, including organ-specific AIDs and systemic AIDs. At the same time, microbes or related products can be used to remodel body's response to alleviate or cure diseases. This review summarizes the latest research of microbes and their related metabolites in AIDs. More importantly, it highlights novel and potential therapeutics, including fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Nonetheless, exact mechanisms still remain elusive, and future research will focus on finding a specific strain that can act as a biomarker of an autoimmune disease.     

Elafin重组气道上皮细胞对细菌生物膜作用的异质性

目的探讨内生多肽(Elafin)转染气道上皮细胞经不同细菌产物诱导后对铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa,Pa)生物膜(biofilm,BF)的效应差异。方法将pEGFP-N1-elafin转染到培养的肺腺癌细胞株A549细胞后,用表皮葡萄球菌(表葡组)、大肠埃希杆菌(E.coli组)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pa组)培养上清分别孵育细胞24h,另设转染空载体A549细胞作为正常组。用ELISA和Western blot检测每组细胞Elafin分泌水平和细胞内含量;体外平板法制备Pa-BF模型,用快速银染法和扫描电镜鉴定;将BF载体放入上述4组细胞中继续孵育8h,银染法观察BF中每个视野细菌的(灰度)面积积分,扫描电镜观察形态学改变。结果Pa组细胞Elafin分泌水平和细胞内含量均较正常组的明显升高(P<0.01),E.coli组也有升高(P<0.05),表葡组无明显变化;各组BF面积积分也显示有明显差异,Pa组、E.coli组BF结构较正常组明显松散,尤以Pa组为甚,表葡组则没有明显变化。结论不同细菌对Elafin的诱导表达能力有差异:Pa较强,E.coli次之,表葡不明显;Elafin能清除生物膜细菌。     

P波振幅和W值关系的临床观察

本文采用频谱分析方法，观察了Ｐ波在不同振幅情况下Ｗ值相应的变化。结果表明：Ｗ值在一定范围内随着Ｐ波振幅的增加而增高；但当Ｐ波振幅过高时，Ｗ值反而呈降低趋势。本文提示：在一定范围内，Ｐ波振幅增加，高频成分增多；Ｐ波振幅过高时，由于心肌病变，心房产生的高频成分减少。     

P物质免疫反应纤维在鼠脊髓内的分布

本文应用免疫细胞化学PAP法研究了大鼠脊髓全长的P物质(SP)免疫反应纤维和终末的分布和定位。结果表明:SP免疫反应阳性纤维和终末分布在脊髓全长各节段和各板层内,并只有其分布特点。呈很高密度反应者有后角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层,呈商密度反应有Lissauer氏束,外侧颈核、胸髓侧角、低副交感核和X层;呈中等密度或低密度反应有Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ和Ⅸ层。本研究从形态学上进一步证实SP免疫反应纤维和终末广泛存在于脊髓全长内,这提示SP作为递质参与脊髓感觉、躯体运动和植物性等功能,且起着重要作用。     

The use of P815: a warning

It is generally known that many malignancies are accompanied by forms of impairment of the immune system of the host. Also P815 mastocytoma cells can exert suppressive effects on the immune response reaction in vivo and in vitro. However, we have found a product released by P815 cells, which is able to activate macrophages non-specifically; macrophages normally not cytotoxic against tumor cells become cytotoxic against various tumor cell lines upon incubation with the P815 product. Nevertheless the same product which induces macrophage activation in vitro, seems to cause enhancement of tumor growth in vivo. We feel, if the activity of a tumor product depends so strongly on the experimental conditions used, one should be very careful in interpreting the results of experiments in which P815 cells are used as target cells.     

核心蛋白聚糖与肿瘤

核心蛋白聚糖(decorin, DCN)是一种主要存在于结缔组织中与胶原纤维相关的蛋白聚糖,1978年由美国国立卫生研究院骨科研究所的Fisher教授首次分离、纯化[1].DCN的核心蛋白可以结合多种细胞因子(cytokines, CKS)及生长调节因子,包括转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor, TFG-β)和纤连蛋白(fibronetin, FN)、血栓素结合蛋白(thrombospondin)、DCN胞吞受体等.TFG-β被多种组织来源的肿瘤细胞产生,以自分泌和旁分泌的方式释放并调节肿瘤的生长,DCN与TFG-β发生特异性结合,可以中和和灭活TFG-β的生物活性.P21WAF/CIP是一种潜在的细胞周期依赖激酶的抑制剂,DCN直接干预P21WAF/CIP对细胞周期调控的诱导,影响细胞增殖分化及发展的过程[2].     

汉防己甲素联合屈洛昔芬对K562细胞bcr/abl表达的影响

为了研究汉防己甲素(Tet)联合屈洛昔芬(DRL)对K562细胞株凋亡相关因子bcr／abl mRNA及蛋白表达的影响，Tet(1μmol／L)和DRL(5μmol／L)单用及联合应用于K562细胞一定时间后，分别采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)和Western blot方法检测K562细胞bcr／abl mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果表明：Tet和DRL单独应用对K562细胞bcr／abl mRNA及蛋白表达均无影响，两药联合应用于48小时K562细胞bcr／abl mRNA表达开始下调，K562细胞P^210 BCR／ABL蛋白表达于72小时开始下调。结论：Tet和DRL联合应用可下调K562细胞bcr／abl的表达，这可能是两药联用逆转耐药的机制之一。