全膝关节置换术后疤痕区皮肤偶发分枝杆菌感染一例

患者,女,68岁。左膝全膝关节置换术后5年,左膝胫骨结节手术疤痕表皮破溃3天。伤口拭子细菌培养示偶发分枝杆菌。从发病时间、影像提示假体周围软组织感染性病变、多次手术探查均考虑筋膜层完整,我们认为本患者属于术后外界环境种植。给予抗结核药物治疗及植皮手术,患者逐渐好转。     

皮肤分枝杆菌感染的研究进展

皮肤分枝杆菌感染是一类复杂的皮肤疾病,临床和病理无特异表现,易漏诊误诊。临床上大致分为3类,皮肤结核、麻风、非结核分枝杆菌感染性皮肤病。本文就各类分枝杆菌感染相关的皮肤疾病进行流行病学特征、临床表现、诊断及治疗进展进行综述。     

Hyaluronic acid augmentation pharyngoplasty complicated by retropharyngeal abscess and grisel syndrome: Case report and literature review

Augmentation pharyngoplasty, in which tissue filler or grafts are used to augment the posterior nasopharynx, is an accepted option to treat velopharyngeal insufficiency. It is generally well tolerated and safe with limited side effects. In this study, we describe a case of a retropharyngeal abscess and Grisel syndrome following hyaluronic acid augmentation pharyngoplasty. Grisel syndrome is a serious condition that requires early diagnosis and prompt intervention to prevent further complications.     

HIV/AIDS患者结核潜伏感染的影响因素研究

背景 结核病是导致人免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(HIV/AIDS)患者死亡的首要原因,而HIV感染也是导致结核潜伏感染(LTBI)发展为结核病的主要危险因素。因此,对HIV/AIDS患者进行LTBI筛查和治疗是预防该类人群结核病的发生从而减少其死亡的重要举措。目的 对宁夏回族自治区银川市市区内HIV/AIDS患者进行LTBI筛查,并分析其影响因素,识别高危人群,为HIV/AIDS患者结核病的预防性治疗提供科学依据。方法 选取2021年3—8月于宁夏回族自治区银川市市区内定点管理单位治疗的546例HIV/AIDS患者为研究对象。通过现场问卷调查及查阅患者管理档案的方式收集HIV/AIDS患者的一般资料,其中一般人口学特征包括性别、年龄、民族、学历、婚姻状况、家庭人均年收入、职业类型、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟情况、饮酒情况等;临床资料包括慢性病患病情况、与结核病患者密切接触情况、HIV/AIDS确诊时长、抗病毒治疗时长、合并其他感染情况、近期CD₄⁺ T淋巴细胞计数(CD₄)等。通过结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)对研究对...     

中医旷置疗法在马蹄型肛周脓肿手术中应用研究进展

目的：分析对马蹄型肛周脓肿手术中应用中医旷置法的临床疗效及价值,并对近几年的相关研究文献进行总结.方法：选取2012年3月-2014年1月在我院接受治疗的低位马蹄型肛周脓肿患者60例为研究对象,随机将上述选取对象分成两组,对照组采取多切口隧道引流术,观察组采取多切口隧道浮线术进行治疗,观察和对比两组患者在疼痛持续时间、创面愈合时间、肛门功能恢复、治疗效果等指标上的差异性.结果：观察组30例患者术后疼痛持续时间和创面愈合时间均明显短于对照组,两组间上述两指标对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而两组患者在治疗效果、肛门功能恢复情况、创面瘢痕面积等指标对比差异并不明显,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论：对于马蹄型肛周脓肿患者,临床上可将多种中医旷置法有机的组合起来,针对肛周脓肿类型,制定相应的治疗方案,能最大程度的清除病变组织,减少创伤和术后痛苦,缩短恢复时间,这对改善患者预后,提升生活质量有重要意义,值得探索和研究.     

Antitubercular activity of Arctium lappa and Tussilago farfara extracts and constituents

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Arctium lappa and Tussilago farfara (Asteraceae) are two plant species used traditionally as antitubercular remedies. The aim of this study was (i) to screen Arctium lappa and Tussilago farfara extracts for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and (ii) to isolate and identify the compound(s) responsible for this reputed anti-TB effect.

Materials and methods

The activity of extracts and isolated compounds was determined against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇R_v using a high throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi) assay.

Results

The n-hexane extracts of both plants, the ethyl acetate extract of Tussilago farfara and the dichloromethane phase derived from the methanol extract of Arctium lappa displayed antitubercular activity (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). Further chemical investigation of Arctium lappa led to the isolation of n-nonacosane (1), taraxasterol acetate (2), taraxasterol (3), a (1:1) mixture of β sitosterol/stigmasterol (4), isololiolide (5), melitensin (6), trans-caffeic acid (7), kaempferol (8), quercetin (9), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (10). Compounds isolated from Tussilago farfara were identified as a (1:1) mixture of β sitosterol/stigmasterol (4), trans-caffeic acid (7), kaempferol (8), quercetin (9), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (10), loliolide (11), a (4:1) mixture of p-coumaric acid/4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12), p-coumaric acid (13). All compounds were identified following analyses of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data (MS, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR) and by comparison with published data. This is the first report of the isolation of n-nonacosane (1), isololiolide (5), melitensin (6) and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (10) from Arctium lappa, and of loliolide (11) from Tussilago farfara. Amongst the isolated compounds, the best activity was observed for p-coumaric acid (13) (MIC 31.3 μg/mL or 190.9 μM) alone and in mixture with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12) (MIC 62.5 μg/mL).

Conclusions

The above results provide for the first time some scientific evidence to support, to some extent, the ethno-medicinal use of Arctium lappa and Tussilago farfara as traditional antitubercular remedies.     

Repositioning rifamycins for Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease faces significant challenges due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance. New drugs are needed to cure this incurable disease. The key anti-tubercular rifamycin, rifampicin, suffers from low potency against M. abscessus and is not used clinically. Recently, another member of the rifamycin class, rifabutin, was shown to be active against the opportunistic pathogen.

Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the rifamycins as a reemerging drug class for treating M. abscessus infections. The authors focus on the differential potency of rifampicin and rifabutin against M. abscessus in the context of intrinsic antibiotic resistance and bacterial uptake and metabolism. Reports of rifamycin-based drug synergies and rifamycin potentiation by host-directed therapy are evaluated.

Expert opinion: While repurposing rifabutin for M. abscessus lung disease may provide some immediate relief, the repositioning (chemical optimization) of rifamycins offers long-term potential for improving clinical outcomes. Repositioning will require a multifaceted approach involving renewed screening of rifamycin libraries, medicinal chemistry to improve ‘bacterial cell pharmacokinetics’, better models of bacterial pathophysiology and infection, and harnessing of drug synergies and host-directed therapy towards the development of a better drug regimen.     

I期根治术联合隧道式拖线法治疗马蹄型舡周脓肿临床观察

目的 观察I期根治术联合隧道式拖线法治疗马蹄型肛周脓肿的临床疗效。方法 将79例病例随机分为治疗组（43例）和对照组（36例）,治疗组采用I期根治术联合隧道式拖线法治疗,对照组采用肛周脓肿I期根治术;观察两组临床疗效及术后创面愈_合时间、瘢痕面积及肛门功能情况。结果 治疗组、对照组总有效率均为100％;组间临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组创面愈合时间、瘢痕面积及肛门钥匙孔样改变、肛门功能情况比较,差异均有统计学意义（p〈0．01）。结论 I期根治术联合隧道式拖线法具有疗效好、创伤小、创面愈合快及并发症少等特点,可有效用于马蹄型肛周脓肿的临床治疗。     

Primary ovarian abscess in virginal young woman with huge endometriosis cyst: A case report

Rationale:Primary ovarian abscess which develops as an isolated lesion without simultaneous tubal infection is a rare entity. Ovarian abscess (OA) is a serious complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) rarely seen in virginal girls. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent further sequela including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.Patient concerns:A 19-year-old virginal girl who presented with abdominal pain and pelvic mass with no risk factors.Diagnoses:Laparoscopic surgery was performed to confirm a primary ovarian abscess in the adolescent virginal female with a huge endometriosis cyst.Intervention:Ovarian abscess with extensive intestinal adhesions was determined during the laparoscopic operation. Abscess drainage and postoperative antibiotic therapy cured the patient.Outcome:After the surgery, the CRP level on the day of discharge was 3.18 mg/d. The histological findings revealed a cystic tissue sample with the fibrous wall infiltrated by neutrophilic granulocytes, and ectopic endometrium, suggesting abscess formation in the ovary and endometriosis cyst.Lessons:Although primary ovarian abscess in an adolescent virginal female is rare, given the severity of outcomes following ovarian abscess, this pathology should be considered in the differential diagnosis of virginal adolescents with fever and abdominal pain.     

结核杆菌复苏促进因子在分枝杆菌培养中的作用观察

目的 探讨结核杆菌复苏因子(TB-RPF)在结核患者标本的分枝杆菌培养中的作用.方法 收集疑似结核患者的痰液42例,支冲液8例,胸腔积液25例,经4%NaOH液化处理后用PBS洗涤并悬浮菌体,每份标本分设对照组和RPF组,按照两组各0.5 ml菌液量接种于MGIT培养管.对照组培养基采用含Middlebrook7H9的...